• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.137-142
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• 1996

This paper gives a description about the germination inhibition of American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) seed coat. The existence of seed coat is one of the inhibitory factors which inhibit the embryo growth, particularly during the morphological after-ripening stage. The seed coat can obstruct the water absorption at the beginning of seed stratification, but it can not threaten seed germination. The inhibition of seed coat is not caused by the mechanical fetter neither. However, before splitting the seed coat, the inhibition of seed coat comes from both air-tight character and inhibitors, and after splitting the seed coat, the inhibition may come mainly from the inhibitors.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.295-315
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• 1986

Structure and differentiation mechanism of the seed coat of Panax ginseng are studied with light and electron microscopes to clarify the developmental processes of seed coat and the structural changes during the differentiation of the seed. The seed coat of ginseng is differentiated from the inner cell layers of ovary wall, which can be compared with the seed coat differentiated from integument(s) in other plants. The single integument is differentiated into endothelium, which is degenerated to one layer of 4${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in thickness, composed of remants of cell wall components in fully ripened seed. The ripened seed coat is composed of three layers; fringe layer, inner layer and palisade layer, and all of the them are crossed at right angles with one another. This may be the cause of protection of the kernel from other mechanical injuries. The thickness of fully ripened seed coat is about 300~600 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$, and arrangements of sclereids are irregular. However, the raphe region of seed coat is thin about 200 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in thickness and sclereids in that region are arranged regularly. This is the important cause for the cleavage of the seed coat during post-maturation process. The vascular bundles on the raphe are still remaining after sarcocarps are removed, and one of the branches of vascular bundles entered into the seed coat through the hilum and extended to chalazal region. During post-maturation process, the supply of water being necessary for growth of embryo may be accompolished by the vascular bundles entered into the seed coat through the opened hilum.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.203-206
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• 2000

Although lignans of sesame seed, sesamolin and sesamin have been known as possessing an antioxidant activity, it is less known about their contents of the sesame cultivated in Korea. Collections of sesame cultivated in Korea were used for studies on their lignans content of the seed and fatty acids composition of the oil. The sesamin content of sesame seed with white-coat were 370.29 mg/100g seed, while that of sesame seed with black-coat were 246.58mg/100g seed. Also, the sesamolin contents of sesame seed were 202.22 mg/100g seed in white-coat cultivars and 132.68 mg/100g seed in black-coat sesames. Hence, the lignan content of white-coat sesame cultivars was significantly hi임or than that of black-coat ones. Korean sesame cultivars also showed considerably higher sesamin content than sesamolin content in seeds. The correlation between sesamin and sesamolin contents was not recognized in Korean sesame cultivars. The stearic acid of white-coat sesame was significantly higher than that of black-coat one (p＜0.05).

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권spc1호
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• pp.123-131
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• 2005

콩 종피의 이화학적 특성과 종실광택과의 상호관계를 구명하고자 본 연구를 실시하여 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 콩 종피 표면의 전자현미경으로 관찰 결과 L값이 높은 콩의 종피는 표면이 매끄럽고 pore의 크기가 작았으나 L값이 낮은 콩의 종피는 표면이 거칠고 pore가 비교적 큰 것으로 나타났다. 2. 종피두께가 $70{\mu}m$에 달할 때 까지는 종자의 광택이 증가되지만 그 이상에 달하면 오히려 종실광택이 감소되었고, 종피두께가 두꺼울수록 수분흡수율이 낮으며, 특히 수분흡수 초기에 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 3. 종실광택이 높을수록 수분흡수율은 증가되는데, 수분흡수 초기에는 종실광택의 영향이 작지만 시간이 경과됨에 따라 종실광택이 밝은 품종일수록 수분흡수율이 높았다. 4. 종피의 단백질은 종실광택과 부상관이 있었으나 단백질의 구성성분인 아미노산은 종실광택과 상관이 없었다. 5. 종피의 조지방은 종실광택과 부상관적 요인으로 작용하나 종피에 함유된 불포화지방산은 종피의 광택과 정상관이 있는 것으로 나타나 종피의 광택은 지방산중 불포화지방산의 조성비율이 높을수록 종실이 밝았다. 6.종피의 조섬유 함량은 종실광택과 이차선형관계가 인정되어 종실광택과 밀접한 관계를 맺고 있는 성분으로 판단되었다. 7. 종피의 중성단당류로는 fucose, rhamnose, glucose, mannose, galactose, arabinose, xylose가 함유되어 있었으며, 이들 중 arabinosefl xylose는 종실광택과 정상관이 있었으나 조성비가 가장 높은 galactose는 유의성이 없었다.

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.102-109
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• 2023

The basic information of ovule and seed characteristics was investigated for five monotypic and endemic genera in the Korean peninsula as categorized by the Flora of Korea category. The carpels and seeds were sectioned with a rotary microtome. Mature seeds were coated with platinum using an ion sputter and observed using a scanning electron microscope. As a result, Abeliophyllum was found to be anatropous and a unitegmic ovule, with a slightly colliculate seed surface and exotestal seed coat type. The ovule of Coreanomecon was anatropous and bitegmic, having a distinct echinate seed surface, and exo-endotestal seed coat type with a prismatic crystal in the mesotesta. The ovule of Hanabusaya was anatropous and a unitegmic, with a long reticulate seed surface sculpture, and distinct exotestal seed coat type. In addition, a wing developed at the opposite side of the raphe bundle. Megaleranthis was an anatropous and bitegmic ovule, having a small pentagonal disk shape, a concave seed surface and exotestal seed coat type. Finally, Pentactina was also anatropous and a unitegmic ovule, reticulate seed sculpture, and endotestal seed coat type. These data will be proving to be a source of good information for securing bio-sovereignty in the near future.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제63권2호
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• pp.158-163
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• 2018

Perilla (Perilla frutescens var.frutescens) is an annual plant of the Lamiaceae family, mainly grown for obtaining oil by press extraction after roasting the seeds. Oil yield is one of its important traits, but evaluating this yield is time-consuming, requires many seeds, and is hard to adjust to pedigrees in a breeding field. The objective of this study was to develop a method for selecting high-oil-yield lines in a breeding population without oil extraction. Twenty-three perilla cultivars were used for evaluating the oil yield and seed traits such as seed hardness, seed coat thickness, seed coat proportion and crude fat. After evaluation of the seed traits of 23 perilla cultivars, the ranges of oil yields, seed hardness, seed coat thickness, seed coat proportion, 100-seed weight, and crude fat were 24.68-38.75%, 157-1166 gf, $24-399{\mu}m$, 15.4-41.5%, 2.79-6.69 g, and 33.0-47.8%, respectively. In an analysis of correlation coefficients, the oil yield negatively correlated with seed length, seed width, the proportion of seed coat, seed hardness, and 1000-seed weight, but positively correlated with crude fat content. It was observed that as the seed coat proportion increased, the seed coat thickness, hardness, and 1000-seed weight also increased. Multiple linear regression (MLR) was employed to find major variables affecting the oil yield. Among the variables, traits crude fat content and seed coat proportion were assumed to be indirect parameters for estimating the potential oil yield, with respect to a significant positive correlation with the observed oil yield ($R^2=0.791$). Using these two parameters, an equation was derived to predict the oil yield. The results of this study show that various seed traits in 23 perilla cultivars positively or negatively correlated with the oil yield. In particular, crude fat and the seed coat proportion can be used for predicting the oil yield with the newly developed equation, and this approach will improve the efficiency of selecting prominent lines for the oil yield.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.350-356
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• 2015

Abeliophyllum distichum is a monotypic taxon of Oleaceae and endemic to Korea. A comprehensive study on embryogeny and fruit and seed coat ontogeny in Abeliophyllum was carried out via microtome and light microscopy. The fertilization occurs during mid– to late April and embryo matures by early July. The embryo development follows the general fashion from globular embryo – transition embryo – heart shaped embryo – torpedo embryo – walking-stick embryo to mature embryo. The pericarp clearly differentiates into three histological zones: exocarp, mesocarp, and endocarp. The young seed comprises 10-12 cells thick seed coat and the mature seed coat comprises an exotesta, 6-8 mesotesta and an endotesta. Any crystals, phenolic-like compounds, idioblasts, and the sclereids are not found in pericarp as well as seed coat. An overall development confirms Solanade type of embryogenesis in Abeliophyllum. The endocarp becomes more prominent in mature fruit and all the layers of endocarp are highly lignified. On the basis of mechanical layer the seed coat is of exotestal type.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.421-426
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• 2008

Freshly harvested seed of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.; CMV) was strongly dormant because of hardseedness. Seeds of freshly harvested germinated only 8% while clipping the seed coat completely overcome the innate dormancy, which indicates inhibition of germination of the seed is mainly due to seed coat (87%). The dormant (intact) hard seeds did not imbibe water whereas the non-dormant (clipped) seeds took up rapidly. In natural environment condition, the hard seed coat dormancy was broken only after 5 months after seed harvest. To break such a strong seed coat dormancy, the chemical and heat treatments were effective. Concentrated sulfuric acid was more effective than dry heat and hot water treatments. Hot water treatment improved germination but the germination percentage was less than 41%. Treatments increased germination due to its effect on the seed coat integrity. A scanning electron microscope reveled that disruption of seed coat layers and subsequent development of numerous crack in the hilum region of the seed and on the seed coat surface of concentrated sulfuric acid treatment and formation of cracks in the dry heat treatments, respectively, were observed in the seed coat surface, which served as water entry points.

• 한국섬유공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국섬유공학회 2001년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.83-86
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• 2001

Seed coat fragments (SCF's) are small portions of seed coat that have been broken from the cotton seeds during ginning, a mechanical process that separates the cotton lint from the seed： Seed coat fragments have drawn attention because they are one of the major imperfections that affect the appearance and quality of cotton yarn and fabrics [1,2]. (omitted)

• 식물분류학회지
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.103-107
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• 2011

가지과 Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal의 종자 해부학적 특징을 알기 위하여 광학현미경과 주사전자 현미경을 사용하여 관찰하였다. 종자의 색깔은 노랑색이고, 종자의 형태는 신장형이며, 크기가 2−3 mm 정도이다. 종자는 종의를 가지고 있지 않았으며, 배유가 잘 발달한 유배유종자였다. 종피형태는 외종피외층형으로 나타났다. 종피는 외종피만으로 구성되는 단주피성 이었으며, 한 층의 외종피외층, 여러 층의 외종피중층, 그리고 한 층의 외종피내층으로 구성되었다. 그러나 종자가 완전히 성숙했을 때는 외종피중층이 모두 압착되었으며, 외종피외층은 특징적으로 파상형의 후벽세포로 발달하였다. 종피의 표면은 망상구조를 가지며, 수층 벽구조는 파상형으로 발달하였고, 표면에 여러 개의 구멍이 발달하는 특징이 관찰되었다.