• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.17-24
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• 2010

A differential fault attack(DFA) is one of the most efficient side channel attacks on block ciphers. Almost all block ciphers, such as DES, AES, ARIA, SEED and so on., have been analysed by this attack. In the case of the known DFAs on SEED, the attacker induces permanent faults on a whole left register of round 16. In this paper, we analyse SEED against DFA with differential characteristics and addition-XOR characteristics of the round function of SEED. The fault assumption of our attack is that the attacker induces 1-bit faults on a particular register. By using our attack, we can recover last round keys and the master key with about $2^{32}$ simple arithmetic operations. It can be simulated on general PC within about a couple of second.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.51 no.6
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• pp.15-22
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• 2017

The microstructure observation of seed surface structure is needed for protocols of breaking dormancy of seeds with physical dormancy. The seeds of Rubus species are surrounded by a thick, hard endocarp; together, the seed and endocarp make up the stone. We evaluate stone characteristics of 18 species of Rubus through optical microscopic observation, and correlate different stone characteristics with endocarp thickness. As a result of stone size comparison, Rubus species were classified as big stones group including R. parvifolius and R. idaeus, small stones group including R. longisepalus var. longisepalus, R. corchorifolius and R. hirsutus, and middle stones group including rest of the species. The result of this study revealed that stone size and the endocarp thickness in Rubus species was various characteristics in each species. Furthermore stone size and stone weight were also well correlated endocarp thickness and result indicated that heavy stones had harder endocarp than lighter one. Thus from the result of this study it can be presumed that only one stone characteristic approach may be sufficient to estimate other characteristics in Rubus.

• Progress in Superconductivity
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.115-118
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• 2007

This study investigated the effects of different kinds of seed crystals with miscut angles and pretreatment on the characteristics of a RE-123 superconductor processed by a top-seeded melt-growth (TSMG) method. When the seed crystal was heat-treated in an oxygen atmosphere, the surface structure was cleaned removing hydroxide. When the seed crystal had a miscut angle, in addition, the surface structure showed a well defined hill-and-valley structure after heat-treatment. A better microstructure, with a well-distributed small RE-123 phase, was obtained using a high miscut angle after heat-treatment in an oxygen atmosphere. As a result of the microstructure improvement, the magnetic characteristics also improved. The experimental result can be explained by reduction of nucleation activation energy.

• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.135-143
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• 2017

This study aimed to reduce the oily taste of Bechamel sauce, and improve consumers' acceptability and functionality by adding Ginseng seed inside. This study also performed quantitative description analysis and acceptability test in order to see its unique sensory characteristics. The results were as follows: The viscosity and moisture content decreased as ginseng seeds got added. This may be due to decrease in relative amount of flour. In terms of color, brightness (L) and yellowness (b) tended to decrease as ginseng seeds were added, while redness (a) showed just the opposite propensity. The salinity became higher with more ginseng seed, however, soluble solid content showed no significant difference among the samples. From the result of quantitative and descriptive analysis among the sensory tests, the concentration of Bechamel sauce got higher with more ginseng seed, where the fragrance and the taste of ginseng were sensed strongly, while fragrance of milk, flour, and nuts were considered weak. Also, sense of stuffiness, oiliness, and tenderness has decreased as well. From the acceptability test, adding 30% of ginseng seed got the highest ratings in terms of fragrance, taste, afterward-taste, and overall acceptability. Therefore, adding ginseng seed positively affected Bechamel sauce in taste, smell, after-taste, and general acceptability. Moreover, when the added amount of ginseng seed was 30% compared to the flour, the taste of Bechamel sauce was relatively optimized. From the test results, it can be concluded that ginseng seed injected in Bechamel sauce improved nutritive facts and the taste acceptability as well, and 30% compared to the flour amount was the right amount to maximize consumers' acceptance of Bechamel sauce.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

This study was undertaken to optimize preparation of sweet rice muffins using lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) seed powder. The experimental conditions used in the preparation included lotus seed powder (X₁) and soybean oil (X₂). The muffin formulation was optimized using rheology. Lightness (P<0.01) displayed a quadratic model pattern, whereas yellowness (P<0.01) and redness (P<0.05) was presented a linear model. Texture properties significantly differed in cohesiveness (P<0.05). Evaluating the sensory characteristics of muffins, except for flavor and texture, the remaining properties of color (P<0.01), taste, overall quality, and appearance (P<0.05) were found to be significantly different. The overall quality was also affected by the proportion of lotus seed powder, rather than the amount of soybean oil. The optimal ratio for palatability of muffins was determined to be 47.80 g lotus seed powder and 95.28 g soybean oil. Taken together, our results indicate that sweet rice muffins prepared using lotus seed powder are sufficiently competitive in terms of function and quality.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.328-331
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• 2000

The effect of the constituent elements and their composition of the seed layer on the properties of the evaporated Zn thin films was investigated. It was carried out by the analysis of the preferred orientation and the grain size, and the corrosion characteristics. Seed layers were prepared by evaporation of Al and AlCu respectively, and here the Cu content as additives of the source materials of seed layers were designed 5 a/o to 20 a/o. The values of full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the (002) x-ray diffraction peaks of Zn decreased by increasing the amount of the additives on Al seed layer, as a results, the grain sizes also decreased. In order to characteristics of Zn thin films evaporated on the various seed layers, electrical resistivity changes with a function of time at the temperature of 40$^{\circ}C$ and the relative humidity of 80%, as a result, the relative resistivity changes were increased by decreasing the grain size and the FWHM values of (002) peaks of Zn.

• Plant Resources
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2000

Umbelliferae medicinal crops have low germination under natural condition. Special objective of this study is to investigate morphological characteristics of seeds and effects of environmental factors such as light and temperature on their germination and seedling growth in Umbelliferae plants, using them as oriental medicine materials. Fruits of Umbelliferae are bi-partite type and form 2 seeds. Their oil canals and funiculus or carpaphore has apparently specific shape. Seed shape of Buplerum falcatum, Ligusticum acutilobum and Foeniculum vulgare are oblong, Ledeboutiella seseloides, Angelica dahurica, Angelica gigas elliptic, and Ostericum koreanum ovate. Color of seed coats varied from yellow to dark brown. Seed size was 3.2 to 6.9 mm in length, 1.7 to 4.9 mm in width. One thousand-seed weight of Buplerum falcatum was lowest(at 1,660 mg) and Ledebouriella seseloides and Angelica gigas were relatively highest(at 3,970 mg) having larger size than any others. Optimum temperatures for seed germination and seedling growth ranged from 20 to $25^{\circ}C$ and especially temperature at $25^{\circ}C$ improved seed germinations of Ledebouriella seseloides, Angelica dahurica and Ligusticum acutilobum regardless of light condition.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2008

Variations in antioxidant capacity of leaves and characteristics of seed germination among five Hibiscus hamabo populations in Korea were evaluated. While the leaves of H. hamabo from Shincheon contained highest Na concentration, those from Hado and Ohzo does lowest. MDA content and SOD activity didn't show significant difference among populations, but total protein and anthocyanin content were significantly different among five populations. The filled seed rates of five populations were ranged from 92.0 to 98.7%, and the moisture contents of seeds from Shinyang and Soando were lower than that of R. syriacus (5.18%). The fresh weights of H. hamabo from Hado and Ohzo were the highest and those of seeds from Shinyang and Soando were the lowest. Significant variations among H. hamabo populations were detected for all seed germination characters: percentage of germination, average germination time and germination rate and uniformity. SOD activities of seeds from Onpyoung and Soando were the highest of five populations, and total protein concentrations of seeds in Ohzo and Shinyang populations were higher than those of other populations. H. hamabo is considered exposed to salt stress and all characteristics of seed germinations were inferior to other species.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

Color, lipid and fatty acid composition, and tocopherols and polyphenols contents of perilla seed lipids in response to seed germination were studied. Perilla seeds were germinated at $30^{\circ}C$ in the dark for 12, 36, or 48 h, after which total lipids were extracted by the Folch method using chloroform and methanol (2:1, v/v). Seed germination resulted in a decrease in yellowness and greenness in perilla seed lipids, but there were no significant changes in composition of the lipids including major neutral lipids (>90%). Contents of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine in the perilla seed lipids significantly increased in response to germination. Linolenic acid (>63%) was the most abundant fatty acid. Seed germination tended to decrease the relative content of linolenic acid and increase the contents of oleic and stearic acids. Contents of antioxidants, especially ${\alpha}$-tocopherol and polyphenols, increased in response to seed germination. As the germination period was extended, the antioxidant content increased. Therefore, increases in useful components, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, ${\alpha}$-tocopherol, and polyphenols contents by seed germination can contribute to the improvement of perilla seed utilization in food industry.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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• v.19 no.spc
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• pp.6-8
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• 2011

In order to produce the organic foods in accord with international standard, organic seeds should be used in organic farming. This study was conducted to establish the stable production of organic seed of waxy com by examining the growing characteristics, seed yield, and the economy for seed production by organic farming. The optimal sowing timing for organic seed production of waxy com hybrid was within 10 days of the $1^{st}$ of May with yield of 88~90% of conventional seed production. The optimal planting density was 41,600 plants/ha ($80{\times}30$ cm) for organic seed production of waxy com. The weight of 100 seeds and seed productivity increased at the planting ratio of 2:1 mother plant:male plant. Growth and seed production were improved by removing male plant at 7~10 days after silking. Organic fertilizer (mixed oil cake) was applied at a rate of 4~6 Mg/ha before sowing. Black plastic mulching was used for weed control. In addition, sex pheromone trap and bio-control agents were used for safe pest control and low labour cost.