• Journal of Advanced Research in Ocean Engineering
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.99-111
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• 2016

Seabed affected by scouring, sedimentation, and siltation occurrences often cause exposure, which induces risks to existing structures or crude oil or gas pipeline buried subsea. In order to prevent possible risks, more economical structure installation methodology is proposed in this study by predicting and managing the risk. Also, the seabed does not only consist of sandy material, but clayey soil is also widespread, and the effect of undrained shear strength should be considered, and by cyclic environmental load, pore water pressure will occur in the seabed, which reduces shear strength and allows particles to move easily. Based on previous research regarding sedimentation or erosion, the average value of external environmental loads should be applied; for scouring, a 100-year period of environmental conditions should be applied. Also, sedimentation and erosion are mainly categorized by the bed load and suspended load; also, they are calculated as the sum of bed load and suspended load, which can be obtained from the movement of particles caused by sedimentation or erosion.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2006

In this study, the colloidal stability and sedimentation behavior of crystalline $TiO_2$ particles (300nm) in various organic solvents have been investigated by means of a backscattered light flux profile (Turbiscan). The backscattered light flux profiles revealed that the $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were readily sedimented in water, methyl alcohol, and ethyl alcohol due to a flocculation-induced particle growth, while a particle coalescence and a sedimentation of the $TiO_2$ nanoparticles were hardly observed in isopropyl alcohol. The migration velocities of the $TiO_2$ particle were measured as around 6.15/min, 12.53 m/min, 6.51m/min, and 0.18m/min for water, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, and isopropyl alcohol, respectively, showing a remarkably slow migration of the $TiO_2$ particles in isopropyl alcohol.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.317-321
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• 2015

In this paper, magnetorheological fluids (MRFs) based on micro-sized iron particles dispersed in silicone oil are presented. The iron particles are modified by adding different ratios of oleic acid and lauric acid as surfactants to the suspensions. Lauric acid was found to reduce the stability of the MRFs, and more lauric acid results in a higher rate of sedimentation. Further study showed that the formation and structure of lauric acid may result in the sedimentation of micrometer-sized particles. Meanwhile, the electro-resistance of MRF in this paper shows a decrease from beyond $6000M{\Omega}$ to $190{\Omega}$ with an increase in the external field from 0 mT to 400 mT.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.457-469
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• 2016

During the late phase of severe accidents of light water reactors, a porous debris bed is expected to develop on the bottom of the flooded reactor cavity after breakup of the melt in water. The geometrical configuration, i.e., internal and external characteristics, of the debris bed is significant for the adequate assessment of the coolability of the relocated corium. The internal structure of a debris bed was investigated experimentally using the DAVINCI (Debris bed research Apparatus for Validation of the bubble-Induced Natural Convection effect Issue) test facility. Particle sedimentation under the influence of a two-phase natural convection flow due to the decay heat in the debris bed was simulated by dropping various sizes of particles into a water vessel with air bubble injection from the bottom. Settled particles were collected and sieved to obtain the particle mass, size distribution in the radial and axial positions, and the bed porosity and permeability. The experimental results showed that the center part of the particle bed tended to have larger particles than the peripheral area. For the axial distribution, the lower layer had a higher fraction of larger particles. As the sedimentation progressed, the size distribution in the upper layers can shift to larger sizes because of the higher vapor generation rate and stronger flow intensity.

• 분석과학
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.476-482
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• 2012

황사입자들은 수 나노미터에서 수 마이크론 사이의 크기를 가지는 것으로 알려져 있다. 황사가 환경 및 인체 건강에 미치는 영향은 황사 입자의 크기에 의존한다. 입자가 작을수록 멀리까지 이동하며, 인체의 호흡기관 깊숙이 침투한다. 침강장-흐름 분획법(sedimentation field-flow fractionation, SdFFF)은 채널 내 포물선형태의 흐름(parabolic flow profile)과 외부에서 가해지는 원심력의 상호작용을 이용하여 나노 및 마이크론 크기의 입자들의 분리를 제공한다. 본 연구에서는 황사입자의 크기별 분리와 특성분석을 위한 steric 모드 침강장-흐름 분획법(Sd/StFFF)의 응용 가능성을 테스트하였다. 이를 위하여 다양한 Sd/StFFF 파라미터들을(유속, stop-flow time, 원심력의 세기, 등) 최적화 하였다. Sd/StFFF 보정곡선의 $R^2$값은 0.9983으로 높은 직선성을 보였으며, 실험결과는 Sd/StFFF가 마이크론 입자의 크기별 분리에 우수함을 보여주었다. 광학현미경(optical microscopy, OM)을 이용하여 황사입자들의 크기와 모양을 조사하였다. 황사가 진할 때에는 약할 때보다 입자크기가 증가함을 보여주었다. 또한 비가 올 때에는 건조할 때보다 입자크기가 감소하였는데, 이는 입자 표면에 흡착되어 있는 성분들이 빗물에 의해 제거되었기 때문인 것으로 보여진다. 본 연구의 결과는 Sd/StFFF가 황사와 같이 환경입자의 크기특성분석에 유용함을 보여준다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.191-200
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• 2004

DAF process has been designed considering raw water quality characteristics in Korea. Although direct filtration is usually operated, DAF is operated when the freshwater blooms occut or raw water turbidity become high. Pre-sedimentation iS prepared in case when raw water turbidity is very high by rainstorms. A main feature of this plant is that the operation mode can be changed (controlled) based on the characteristics of raw water to optimize the effluent quality and the operation costs. Treatment capacity (surface loading rate) and efficiency of DAF was found to be better than conventional sedimentation process. Moreover, low-density particles (algae and alum flocs) are easily separated while it is difficult to remove in sedimentation. One of the main concerns in adoption of DAF (Dissolved Air-Flotation) process is a high raw water turbidity problem. That is, DAF is not adequate for raw water, which is more turbid than 100NTU. In order to avoid this problem, pre-sedimentation basins are prepared in DAF plant to decrease the turbidity of DAF influent. For simulation of the actual operation, bench and full-scale tests were performed for highly turbid water conditions. Consequently, DAF process coupled with sedimentation is suggested that pre-sedimentation with optimum coagulation prior to DAF would be appropriate.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.1247-1252
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 온도조건에 따른 MR 유체의 물리적 특성을 연구하고자 침전 및 전단응력실험을 수행하였다. MR 댐퍼에 사용되는 MR 유체는 자성 파우더를 포함하고 있어 침전현상이 발생하므로 침강성과 인가전류에 의한 전단응력 변화를 상온과 고온조건에서 실험하였다. 침강특성을 조사하기 위하여 강제 대류형 오븐을 인가전류에 의한 전단응력을 측정하기 위하여 점도계를 사용하였다. 실험결과로부터 MR 유체는 시간과 온도에 따른 침강 특성이 다름을 그리고 교반시간이 큰 경우에 MR 유체의 분산성이 2배 이상 우수하였다. 전단률이 증가할수록 전단응력은 로그함수의 증가분포를 인가전류를 증가할수록 2차 함수의 증가분포를 그리고 MR 유체의 전단응력은 상온보다 고온에서 6-18% 낮은 분포를 보였다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.33-40
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to find the variation of sedimentation patterns after Saemangeum reclamation. Residual flow after Saemangeum reclamation was calculated prognostically from the observed water temperature and salinity data in May 1992 by the Marine Development Institute of Gunsan National University and wind data which were obtained from spring 1969 through winter 1977 by the Kunsan Meteorological Observatory. Three dimensional movements of injected particles due to currents, turbulence and sinking velocity are tracked by the Euler-Lagrange method. When suspended sediments with the size of soil grain of 30 ㎛ are injected in the Sinsi drainage sluice, their dispersion range of sediment is around Gogunsan islands. When suspended sediments with the size of soil grain of 200 ㎛ are injected in the Garyeok drainage sluice, their dispersion range of sediment was around the Garyeok drainage sluice and Byeonsan coastal area.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.99-104
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• 2008

Zeta potential, sedimentation bulk density and rheology in the dispersion system have been studied in terms of solid loading (40-55 vol%), and types of additives. Ammonium polymethacrylate, glycerol, ethoxylated acetylenic diol, and polyvinyl alcohol have been used as the dispersant, cryo-protectant, surfactant, and binder, respectively. Sedimentation density greatly increased upon adding dispersant; the effect was more pronounced with ionic alumina suspension compared with covalent silicon carbide. With further addition of cryo-protectant and surfactant to dispersant, the sedimentation density increased somewhat. The suspension viscosity generally behaviored in an opposite manner to the sedimentation density, i.e., high sedimentation gave low high-shear viscosity, indicative of low order structure formation in the suspended particles. Shear rate rheology in shear rate of $2-300\;sec^{-1}$ showed a shear thinning and its onset began at similar shear rate (${\sim}100\;sce^{-1}$), regardless of solid loading.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제31권2호
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• pp.43-54
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• 1996

Jinhae Bay, one of the largest tidal bays on the southern coast of Korea, is an area with thick accumulations of recent, fine-grained sediments, mainly supplied from the Nakdong River. The preponderance of silt and clay particles reflects the large quantity of sediments transported in suspension. Although the clay mineral assemblage is similar to that derived from the nearby Nakdong River, relatively high concentration (3-9%) of smectite suggests some local input of fine particles from several streams around the bay or some contribution from the offshore water that may be influenced by the Tsushima Current. The content of organic matters in sediments is as high as 12%, and their C/N ratios imply that they are comprised of mixtures derived from marine plankton and terrestrial plants. $^{210}Pb$ excess activity profiles of sediment cores yield an average sedimentation rate (a 100-year time scale) of about 2-5 mm/yr, which coincides well with the long-term sedimentation rate (a 1000-year time scale) estimated from the sediment isopach map. On the basis of sediment bulk density and sedimentation rate, an annual sink of mud in the bay is estimated approximately 1.0 ${\times}$ $10^{6}$ tons per year.