• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
• /
• v.39C no.4
• /
• pp.326-333
• /
• 2014

Internet Services have security issues. To prepare proper security measures for these security issues, security level setting is positively necessary. Until now, we use a security level with CIA (Confidentiality, Integrity, and Availability) Security Levels. However, CIA Security Levels has problems with ambiguous measures for the middle level of security setting. Moreover, security level overlap occurs, in some cases, when user authentications are not done. Additionally, there exist some levels among CIA Security Levels which cannot be applied to Internet services. In this paper, new security level model, CIAA Security Levels with deletion of ambiguous middle level of security setting and addition of authentication to one of security level setting factors, is proposed. The CIAA Security Levels model can be applied to more concrete security measures than CIA Security Levels. The proposed Security Levels model is applicable to almost any on-line services and it can be applied to new online services.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.21 no.3
• /
• pp.51-69
• /
• 2011

Security has been considered one of the most critical issues for managing IT resources in many organizations. Despite a growing interest and extensive research on security at various levels, little research has focused on the comparison of security knowledge levels between different cultures. The current study investigates and compares the security knowledge level between Korea and the U.S. Based on the literature review of spyware, Hofstede's cultural dimensions, and security knowledge, this study identifies three constructs (i.e., security familiarity, spyware awareness, and spyware knowledge) to examine the difference of security knowledge levels between Korea and the U.S. Six hundred ninety-six respondents from Korea and the U.S. participated in the survey, and an in-depth analysis based on analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was carried out. The results show that the levels of security familiarity, spyware awareness, and spyware knowledge are significantly lower in Korea than in the U.S., as expected. These findings present a significant association between national culture and security knowledge, and the degree of individualism (or collectivism) plays an especially critical role in the perception of security. A number of implications for academia and practitioners emerge. Limitations and future research directions are discussed in the conclusion.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Systems Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.149-159
• /
• 2022

This study investigated the relationship between economic growth and energy security risk levels in Korea using linear and non-linear ARDL methods. While there are many studies on the relationship between energy consumption and economic growth, few studies focus on the relationship between energy security and economic growth considering 4A dimensions of energy security such as energy availability, accessibility, acceptability, and affordability. Energy risk index from Global Energy Institue and GDP data from world bank are used for ARDL and NARDL analysis. Our result of ARDL shows that there is no long-term relationship between energy security risk levels and economic growth. On the other hand, NARDL result shows that there is an asymmetric relationship between economic growth and energy security risk levels in the long run. The results show the importance of expending further research on ensuring energy security to policymakers.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
• /
• v.21 no.4
• /
• pp.27-43
• /
• 2011

This article explores economic models that show the optimal level of information security investment in the presence of interdependent security risks, Using particular functional forms, the analysis shows that the relationship between the levels of security vulnerability and the levels of optimal security investments is affected by externalities caused by agents' correlated security risks. This article further illustrates that, compared to security investments in the situation of independent security risks, in order to maximize the expected benefits from security investments, an agent should invest a larger fraction of the expected loss from a security breach in the case of negative externalities, while an agent should spend a smaller fraction of the expected loss in the case of negative externalities.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.159-169
• /
• 2011

In order for agencies and companies at the IT service industry to check as well as to upgrade the current status of their information security programs, this paper suggests the assessment method for information security levels. The study developed 12 assessment fields and 54 assessment items derived from domestic and foreign cases including SP800-26, SP800-53, ISMS, and ISO27001. It categorized 54 assessment items into 5 levels for determining information security levels. Also, the study presents 7 strategies for performing their efficient evaluations. The proposed method and process in this paper can be useful guidelines for improving the national information security level.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.673-685
• /
• 2017

STI(Social Trust Index) indicates levels of trustworthiness, honesty and reliability among people in a society. Since the STI varies in countries, security control on cyber space should be applied differently according to the STI so that companies can protect their assets efficiently and effectively. We compare STIs between Korea and United States using the Diamond Model and investigate how the STIs affect corporate security controls in those two countries. We finally present a formula using AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) to measure levels of corporate security controls in different countries.

• Journal of Institute of Control, Robotics and Systems
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.310-319
• /
• 2003

As the importance and the need for network security are increased, many organizations use the various security systems. They enable to construct the consistent integrated security environment by sharing the network vulnerable information among IDS (Intrusion Detection System), firewall and vulnerable scanner. The multiple IDSes coordinate by sharing attacker's information for the effective detection of the intrusion is the effective method for improving the intrusion detection performance. The system which uses BBA (Blackboard Architecture) for the information sharing can be easily expanded by adding new agents and increasing the number of BB (Blackboard) levels. Moreover the subdivided levels of blackboard enhance the sensitivity of the intrusion detection. For the simulation, security models are constructed based on the DEVS (Discrete Event system Specification) formalism. The intrusion detection agent uses the ES (Expert System). The intrusion detection system detects the intrusions using the blackboard and the firewall responses to these detection information.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
• /
• v.9C no.3
• /
• pp.337-342
• /
• 2002

In this paper, we proposed the ISL for evaluating the security level of Intranet. This method is composed of two parts First, Hacking Scenarios are the hacking stories by hacking/hackers levels. Second, Network Model is composed of the zone and intrusion paths. Our method is very active and practical. We divide ISL into five levels ISL1∼ISL5. Among the levels, ISL5 is the highest security level. Main purpose of this paper is to promote the security of Intranet. In this paper, we designed and analyzed the test-bed for ISL3.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.22 no.7
• /
• pp.283-293
• /
• 2022

One of the important areas of state policy in the socio-economic and cultural development of the country is cultural diplomacy. It contributes to the information dissemination about the country, strengthens interstate relations, and forms a positive image. Through cultural diplomacy, we achieve a positive perception of the world community of the country, determined by its place in the modern system of international relations. The aim of the study is a comparative analysis of cultural diplomacy opportunities for sustainable development at different levels of public relations, as well as the impact of cultural diplomacy opportunities on the indicators of the Global Sustainable Competitiveness Index and the Global Sustainable Development Index. Regarding the results of the research on the impact of cultural diplomacy opportunities on the indicators of the Global Index of Sustainable Competitiveness and the Global Index of Sustainable Development, four groups are identified among the countries of the European Union: countries with a very high level of sustainable competitiveness and sustainable development; countries with a high level of sustainable competitiveness and sustainable development; countries with low levels of sustainable competitiveness and sustainable development.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
• /
• v.21 no.9
• /
• pp.346-353
• /
• 2021

In this proposal, we aim to enhance the security of systems accounts by improving the authentication techniques. We mainly intend to enhance the accuracy of the one-time passwords via including voice biometric and recognition techniques. The recognition will be performed on the server to avoid redirecting voice signatures by hackers. Further, to enhance the privacy of data and to ensure that the active user is legitimate, we propose to periodically update the activated sessions using a user-selected biometric factor. Finally, we recommend adding a pre-transaction re-authentication which will guarantee enhanced security for sensitive operations. The main novelty of this proposal is the use of the voice factor in the verification of the one-time password and the various levels of authentications for a full-security guarantee. The improvement provided by this proposal is mainly designed for sensitive applications. From conducted simulations, findings prove the efficiency of the proposed scheme in reducing the probability of hacking users' sessions.