• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.81-92
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• 1991

Nauplii and cyprid la%ae were cultured in the laboratory at a temperature of 25'c of 33 parts per thousand. La%al development includes the six nauplius and a cyprn'dstages. Morphological characteristics such as antennules, antennae and mandibles as well as the general pattern of the thoracican Cirripedia are described and illustrated. All the nauplius larvae have trilobed labra which are typical in balanoides, with numerous slender hairs. It is possible to compare the setation of larva of Balanus kondakoui with those of B. albicostatus, B. amphitrr'te, 9. trigonus, B. uariegatus, and Chthamafus rhallengerl' by plotting of numerical setation of the antennae against the mandibles.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.53-66
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• 1999

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Dojuksan on the renal functions and internal secretion system, as water balance, urine volume, urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, free water clearance, urinary excretion of creatinine, plasma levels of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plasma levels of aldosterone and plasma renin activity, comparing experimental group which Dojuksan water extract were administrated with control group. Sprague-Dawley rats, about 200-250 g, were used for this experiment. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Water balance decreased significantly after the administration of Dojuksan water extract. 2. Urine volume increased significantly after the administration of $100{\mu}l$ Dojuksan water extract per 100g rat. 3. Urinary excretion of sodium increased significantly but urinary excretion of potassium did not change after the administration of Dojuksan water extract. 4. Free water clearance decreased significantly after the administration of Dojuksan water extract 5. Urinary excretion of creatinine increased significantly after the administration of Dojuksan water extract 6. Plasma renin activity did not change after the administration of Dojuksan water extract 7. Plasma levels of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) did not change after the administration of Dojuksan water extract 8. Plasma levels of aldosterone decreased significantly after the administration of 200 ${\mu}Dojuksan water extract per l00g rat The results suggest that Dojuksan increase the urinary excretion of sodium. and thus reduce the water balance, which resulted from suppression of sodium reabsorption into renal tubule by increasing glomerular filtration rate and decreasing aldosterone.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.175-182
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• 2007

Members of prostaglandin(PG) E-series elicit cellular effects mainly through adenylyl cyclase-cAMP signaling. The role of $PGE_2$-induced increase in cAMP has been shown to be compartmentalized in the cardiac myocytes: $PGE_2$-induced increase of cAMP is not involved in the control of cardiomyocytic contraction. The purpose of the present study was to define the effect of $PGE_1$ on the cGMP levels and the role of $PGE_1$ in the atrial secretory function. Experiments were performed in perfused beating rabbit atria and atrial contractile responses, cGMP and cAMP efflux, and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) secretion were measured. $PGE_1$ increased cGMP as well as cAMP efflux concentration in a concentration-dependent manner, however, no significant changes in atrial secretory responses were observed(with $1.0{\mu}M\;PGE_1$; for cGMP, $144.76{\pm}37.5%$, n=11 versus $-16.81{\pm}4.76%$, n=6, control, p<0.01; for cAMP, $187.60{\pm}41.52%$, n=11 versus $7.38{\pm}19.44%$, n=6, control, p<0.01). $PGE_1$ decreased atrial dynamics slightly but transiently, whereas $PGE_2$ showed similar effects but with lower potency. Isoproterenol increased atrial cAMP efflux(with 2.0 nM; $145.71{\pm}41.89$, n=5 versus $7.38{\pm}19.44%$, n=6, control, p<0.05) and mechanical dynamics and decreased ANP secretion. The $PGE_1$-induced increase in cGMP efflux showed a bell-shaped concentration-response curve. $PGE_1$-induced increase of cGMP efflux was not observed in the presence of L-NAME, an inhibitor of nitric oxide(NO) synthase, or ODQ, an inhibitor of NO-sensitive guanylyl cyclase. L-NAME and ODQ showed no significant effect on the $PGE_1$-induced transient decrease of atrial dynamics. These data indicate that $PGE_1$ increases cGMP levels via NO-soluble GC signaling in the cardiac atrium and also show that $PGE_1$-induced increases in cGMP and cAMP levels are not involved in the regulation of atrial secretory and contractile functions.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.40 no.5
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• pp.591-598
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• 1996

The water extracts of ten crude drugs were tested for the spasmolytic and anti-peptic ulcer activities on rat ileum smooth muscle contraction and aspirin-induced acute hemorrhag ic erosive gastritis respectively. The water extract of Aurantii immaturi pericarpium(AIP)($IC_{50}=1.5{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l), Aurantii nobilis pericarpium(ANP)($IC_{50}=2.5{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l), Cyperi rhizoma(CR)($IC_{50}=3.3{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l). Linderae radix(LR) ($IC_{50}=6.8{\times}1O^{-2}$), Aurantii fructus immaturus(AFI)($IC_{50}=11.8{\times}1O^{-2}$), Saussureae radix(SR)($IC_{50}=13.2{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l) and Ponciri fructus(PF)($IC_{50}=23.3{\times}1O^{-2}$g/l) showed inhibitory activity on the isometric contraction of rat ileum smooth muscle induced by electrical stimulation in a concentration-dependent manner, whereas the water extracts of Arecae pericarpium(AP), Agastachis herba(AH) and Magnoliae cortex(MC) potentiated the isometric contraction. In the aspirin-induced acute gastritis, the water extracts of MC, AP and CR reduced significantly the gastric juice secretion, gastric juice acidity and pepsin activity. They also showed protective activity of gastric mucosal layer from erosion and petichial hemorrhage in gross and histological examination.