• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.334-344
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• 2020

This study explored students' subject interests and task difficulty recognition levels changed when they provided tasks with Keller's ARCS motivation design in PBL(Problem Based Learning) class. This study participant were 79 college students majoring in teaching profession. Experimental and comparative groups were formed for the study. Primary PBLs were conducted to measure prior levels of subject interest and task difficulty recognition. Secondary PBLs were performed to verify the effectiveness of the ARCS motivation design task. The experimental group performed the tasks that reflected the ARCS motivation design. Collected data were analyzed using ANCOVA. As a result, the experimental group had a higher level of subject interest and a lower level of task difficulty recognition.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.29-42
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• 2018

As information technology is more actively incorporated into automobiles, the role of IVIS (In-Vehicle Infotainment System) is becoming increasingly important for providing convenience and entertainment for drivers. However, using the infotainment systems while driving requires task switching and attending to two visual resources simultaneously. We simulated a setting where participants have to drive while interacting with the infotainment system and examined how task difficulty and motor cues impact driver task-switching and driving performance, specifically whether the effects of motor cues differ depending on task difficulty. For the infotainment display, we used two types of number array depending on the congruency between the digit repetition and the chunking unit, while task difficulty was manipulated by the size of the touch-keys. Participants were instructed to dial two numbers on the screen while we recorded the dialing time, lateral position, inter-key press intervals, and steering wheel control. We found that dialing time and lateral position were affected by task difficulty, while the type of number array had no effect. However, the inter-key press intervals between chunked numbers and steering wheel movement both increased when participants had to use an incongruent number array, which indicates that, if number digits are repeated, chunking is ignored by the drivers. Our findings indicate that, in a dual-task condition, motor cues offset the effect of chunking and can effectively signal the timing for task switching.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.39-47
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• 2021

Background: The National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology-National Institute of Radiological Sciences (QST-NIRS) has continuously investigated the undesired radiation exposure in ion beam radiotherapy mainly in carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT). This review introduces our investigations on the secondary neutron dose in CIRT with the broad and scanning beam methods. Materials and Methods: The neutron ambient dose equivalents in CIRT are evaluated based on rem meter (WENDI-II) measurements. The out-of-field organ doses assuming prostate cancer and pediatric brain tumor treatments are also evaluated through the Monte Carlo simulation. This evaluation of the out-of-field dose includes contributions from secondary neutrons and secondary charged particles. Results and Discussion: The measurements of the neutron ambient dose equivalents at a 90#x00B0; angle to the beam axis in CIRT with the broad beam method show that the neutron dose per treatment dose in CIRT is lower than that in proton radiotherapy (PRT). For the scanning beam with the energy scanning technique, the neutron dose per treatment dose in CIRT is lower than that in PRT. Moreover, the out-of-field organ doses in CIRT decreased with distance to the target and are less than the lower bound in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) shown in AAPM TG-158 (American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group). Conclusion: The evaluation of the out-of-field doses is important from the viewpoint of secondary cancer risk after radiotherapy. Secondary neutrons are the major source in CIRT, especially in the distant area from the target volume. However, the dose level in CIRT is similar or lower than that in PRT and IMRT, even if the contributions from all radiation species are included in the evaluation.

• MALSORI
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• no.60
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• pp.97-108
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to observe how Korean listeners detect a target phoneme with 'Focus' represented by prosodic prominence and question-induced semantic emphasis, and with intonational manipulation. According to the automated phoneme detection task using E-Prime, the Korean listeners detected phoneme targets more rapidly when the target-bearing words were in prominence position and in question-induced position. However, the presence of question-induced semantic emphasis reduced the prominence effect, so two effects interacted: when question-induced emphasis were primarily given as a cue, prominence which was given as secondary cue affected less to fine the new information. Besides, the intonation with manipulation was responded to faster than without manipulation.

• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.1-20
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• 2004

This study was aimed at examining the determinants of organizational creativity at nursing care units of university hospitals. Using some items of the Creative Nursing Practice Index(CNPI), the Nursing Work Index-Revised(NWI-R), and the Work Preference Inventory(WPI), an empirical study was conducted with a sample of 543 nurses at 49 nursing care units in two university hospitals in Korea. Data collected from the individual respondents were aggregated and transformed into the secondary data at organizational level. The data were analyzed, using Pearson correlation and hierarchical multiple regression method. The results of the study showed that organizational creativity has positive relationships to task motivation, including enjoyment and challenge to work, and work environment supporting nurses' autonomy and collaboration. Task motivation of the units and autonomous work environment explained 16.3% and 7.9% respectively in the variance of the organizational creativity. Organizational creativity was found to be significantly influenced by challenge and autonomous environment. This result implies that nursing managers should make an efforts to enhance the organizational creativity of nursing units by motivating their staff to challenge to a novel way of doing at work and making the work environment more autonomous.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.199-218
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• 2011

This study is to explore one of efficient procedures in producing English textbooks for secondary school students. According to a series of changes in the National Curriculum, new textbooks have been selected and used in English classes. Textbooks are one of the fundamental factors in teaching and learning languages together with learners and teachers. So this study emphasizes the significance of textbooks and presents the practical model of producing English textbooks including activity books, from major aspects such as planning, writing, editing, selecting, etc. The current government has made continuing efforts to improve English education development by administrating innovative policies [strategies]. However, there still remain lots of difficulties in this gigantic task, which is not an exception in the matter of textbooks. Therefore, to provide students with better textbooks, the government should not only invest great funds but also renovate the present polluted system of selecting textbooks.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.21-42
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• 1992

As for the travel demand analysis of the past, forcasting has been conducted by the use of revealed preference(RP) informations about actual or observed choices made by individuals. Forcasting method using RP data needs implicit assumptions that there will be no remarkable changes in existing transport conditions. However in case of occuring the great changes in existing conditions or adding a new choice-set of hypothetical options, it is very difficult to predict future travel demand. Fortunately in recent years, especially in the mode choice analysis, it has been perceived that the importance of individual performance data using stated preference(SP) experiments as well as RP data. But the research reports has not been reported sufficiently from models estimated using SP data. Under this background, we analyze the factors affecting the mode choice behavior as a fundamental study against the modelling task with SP choice data. For this analysis, we assumed subway operations in the secondary cities where there are no subway lines until now, and set up a choice-set of hypothetical options based on Experimental Design Method.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.32-40
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this secondary data analysis was to identify factors influencing a relapse among patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Of 250 participants enrolled in the original study 75 were selected as there was no relapse for more than one year following the initial treatment and 54 were selected because there was a relapse. Data were analyzed using ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test or F test to determine if there were any significant differences in the study variables relative to the status of relapse. Predictors were calculated by logistic regression. Results: Autonomy supported by healthcare providers was the significant predictor for relapse in patients with CAD. Patients with low autonomy supported by healthcare providers was 3.91 times more likely to relapse than patients with high autonomy supported. Patients with diabetes were at greater risk of recurrence. Conclusion: Secondary prevention of CAD is a major task for patients with CAD. Behavioral strategies for cardiovascular risk reduction are essential and autonomy supported by healthcare providers should be included in their strategies.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.217-239
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• 2001

To lessen the ratio of under achievers is one of the most urgent task which recent school mathematics education is confronted with. To cope with this problem efficiently, math. teachers should know more specifically and concretely the causes that make the students dislike mathematics. But actually, there are too many reasons for these situations. So, in this paper, we tried to devise a tool to analyze and measure each student's math. disliking status. We proceeded this research via the following procedures. 1. Grasping the causes which make the students dislike mathematics as specifically as possible. To obtain this, we asked more than 300 of secondary school students to write down their thoughts about school mathematics. 2. Analyzing the responses, we abstracted 74 numbers of items which were supposed to be the causes for secondary school students'mathematics disliking. 3. With these items we made a test to measure students'aptitude for each item. 4. With this test paper, we tested over 800 of secondary school students. Through factor analysis and theoretical argument, we categorized the 74 items into 11 groups whose names were defined as factors of mathematics disliking. 5. For each of these 11 factors, we developed a norm which could serve as standard of comparison in measuring each student's mathematics disliking status. Using this tool teachers were able to describe each student's traits of mathematics disliking more specifically.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.371-384
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• 2011

Three experiments were carried out to examine how LED lighting hues influence to the rating and recognition of affective stimuli. In Experiment 1 and 2, IAPS affective pictures were used and an affective rating(valence and arousal) task and a recognition memory task were conducted under red, green, blue, and white hue LED lightings in Experiment 1 and cyan, magenta, yellow, and white ones in Experiment 2, respectively. In Experiment 3, affective words were used and the same two tasks were conducted under red, green, blue, and white hue LED lightings. According to the results of affective rating tasks, when primary hues(RGB) were used, red LED lighting elicited an excitement at the arousal dimension and green LED lighting evoked pleasantness at the valence one. When secondary hues(CMY) were used, magenta and cyan showed the similar but weaker patterns of responses comparing to red and green. The results of recognition memory task showed that the responses to the picture stimuli presented at green and cyan hue lightings tended to be a bit faster comparing to the stimuli presented at the other conditions but the difference was insignificant. In Experiment 3, however, recognition memory responses to the affective words presented at green hue lighting were faster significantly. These results indicate that warm colors like red and magenta elicit unpleasantness or excitement while cool colors like green and cyan evoke pleasantness or relaxation, and the primary hues provoke more positive or negative affectivity than secondary ones do. Particularly, the result of recognition memory task in Experiment 3 suggests that green hue LED lighting might be advantageous at the memory performance of language stimuli rather than visual ones.