• 아시안잔디학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.161-164
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• 2010

Sclerotinia homoeocarpa F.T. Bennett에 의한 동전마름병은 북미에서 가장 흔하며 경제적으로 중요한 잔디병이다. 동전마름병을 관리하기 위해서는 봄부터 가을까지 잦은 약제처리를 요구한다. 본 연구에서는 동전마름병에 대한 농약의 단용 혹은 다른 약제와의 혼용 처리를 통해 약제의 효과를 평가하고, Rhizoctonia solani에 의한 브라운 패치(brown patch)와 Pythium aphanidermatum에 의한 피시움마름병에 대한 이차 방제효과(secondary effect)도 조사하였다. 평가기간동안 동전마름병은 유리한 기상조건으로 인하여 평가하기에 적당한 병 발생을 보였다. 처리한 살균제 중 Rhapsody 단용처리를 제외한 모든 살균제의 단용 혹은 혼용처리에서 동전마름병에 대한 유의성 있는 방제효과가 인정되었다. 또한 동일한 처리구에서 브라운 패치에 대한 병 방제효과도 인정되었다. 모든 살균제에서 약해는 관찰되지 않았다.

• 가정간호학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.132-140
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• 2003

This study was to identify the utilization of home care service and home care nursing satisfaction for clients with cancer who had completed secondary and tertiary chemotherapy session. Raw data was collected by reviewing charts and questionnaire of 23 clients with cancer between September, 2002 and November 2002 at an university hospital located in Seoul. Korea. The result are as follows: 1. Characteristics in the use of home care: After applying for home care service, patients were visiting an average of 1.88 days later. The major purpose of using home care service was to help recovery after hospitalization or to maintain present health. The average period for home care service was 14.6 days, with 4 visits over this period, for 35.78 minutes per visit. 2. Content of home care service: A total of 47 items of service were provided - basic nursing care, education and counseling, and therapeutic nursing care. On every visit, an average of 19 items of home care service were provided, and the majority (7 items) were therapeutic nursing care. 3. Satisfaction with home care services: Satisfaction was very high, an average of 3.88 on a scale of 4 points. Both patients and families expressed high satisfaction with all sub-domains of nursing care: guidance by the home care nurses, knowledge, skill, attitude, interpersonal relationships, emotional support, and accessibility. In conclusion, home care served basic nursing care, teaching and counseling, and therapeutic nursing to clients with cancer going through secondary or tertiary chemotherapy. Therefore they changed knowledge and attitude to disease and treatment which were difficult to change.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권15호
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• pp.6741-6747
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• 2015

Background: Smoking is one of the most preventable causes of disease and death, including cancer, and quitting at an early age can reduce smoking-related morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and to identify factors affecting the "intention to quit" among intermediate and secondary school current cigarette smoker students in Al Madinah city, Saudi Arabia. Materials and Methods: This study cohort included 307 current smoker students in a school-based survey. The intention to quit and its related determinants were assessed using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: More than half of the participants were ${\geq}17$ years, and of male gender (54.7%, 77.9% respectively). An intention to quit smoking was reported in 71.7% of participants, and was been significantly associated with: male gender (OR=3.25, 95% CI=1.65-6.41): age at 1st trial of smoking. 10-15 years (OR=2.11, 95% CI=1.03-4.32) along with age of ${\geq}15$ years (OR=3.10, 95% CI=1.20-7.88); days of smoking in the past 30 days (days <10 (OR=2.31, 95% CI=1.23-4.35) along with days ranging from 10-19 days (OR= 3.42, 95% CI=1.18-9.91); knowing that smoking is hazardous to health (OR=3.04, 95% CI=1.42-6.47); and finally, supporting smoking bans in public places (OR=1.89, 95% CI=1.11-3.25). Conclusions: A substantial number of participants were willing to quit smoking. Effective interventions focusing on providing information about the hazards of smoking and prohibiting smoking in public places could help initiate the intention to quit among youth smokers.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.34-48
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• 1985

The purpose of this study was to find out healtk education activities of the 435 school nurses in the secondary schools in Seoul. A questionaire was sent by mail on March 11, 1985 and received a total of 252 responds till April 4, 1985. Among them, 230 were included in final analysis. Those of 22 school nurses who have worked not more than one year were excluded. The results of the findings obtained of this study are summarized as follows: 1. An average number of health education activities carried out by the school nurses turned out to be 31.7 times/nurse/year. 2. The practice rates of health education activities by contents of health education were revealed as follows: on parasite disease 89.6%, hepatitis 89.1%, physical examination 87.3%, influenza 84.3%, etc. Health education on drinking and smoking, drug abuse were the lowest rate as 37.8% and 40.9%. 3. The practice rates of health education by the school nurses according to the health education methods were shown as follows: instruction by the teacher 90.9%, bulletin boards in the classroom 73.0%, message to home notices 72.676, etc. 4. Difficulties in carrying out health education programs by the school nurse were analysed accord-ing to Likert's five point scale. The scores on item to the no availability of teaching tools and tips were 3.90, no availability of audiovisual aids 3.801 lack of understanding from the school principals 3. 30, insufficient time of the school nurse 3.26, no guidance or unproper form of health education material 3.20, lack of knowledge of educational method 3.18. As a conclusion of this study, the development of the supporting system to health education activities and programs for improvement of school health education is strongly needed from policy making level.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.802-812
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of resistant starch(RS) in hyperchlesterolemia and colon cancer. The subjects of this study was eight college women participating in the general starch diet(GSD) period for 5 days and resistant starch diet(RSD) period for 7 days. RSD contains 30g or the RS. On the last day of each program blood were collected. And for the last 3 days of each diet period, the amount of all the food consumed by the subjects and feces were collected. Food was measured to determine and compared the energy, protein and fat intakes. The amount of total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and volatile fatty acids in plasma and the amounts of bile acids in feces were measured by gas chromatography. The results obtained were as follows, Daily energy intake was higher in the RSD compared with the GSD, Protein and fat intakes were lower in the RSD compared with the compared with the GSD. Volatile fatty acid contents in plasma, the amounts of acetic acid, propionic acid and valeric acid were higher in the RSD compared with the GSD. The amounts of bile acids in feces, cholic acid, chenodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid were higher in the RSD compared with the GSD, But the amount of deoxycholic acid n the RSD period was significantly low. Secondary/primary ratios of bile acids was lower in the RSD compared with GSD, respectively. We speculate that , RS consumption decreases colonic mucosal proliferation as a result of the decreased formation of cytotoxic secondary bile acids. Thus, RS intakes may contribute the prevention of heart disease and colon cancer in humans. (Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 802-812, 2000)

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제57권9호
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• pp.396-402
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• 2014

Purpose: The introduction of the mumps vaccine has dramatically reduced the number of mumps cases, but outbreaks have recently occurred among highly vaccinated populations in developed countries. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with mumps admitted between 1989 and 2012 in a single hospital in Korea are described in the present study. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated inpatients with mumps between 1989 and 2012 and outpatients and inpatients with mumps in 2011-2012. Results: A total of 152 patients with mumps were admitted between 1989 and 2012, and 163 patients were recorded in 2011-2012. The highest number of admitted cases occurred in 1998 and 2012 (35 and 34 cases, respectively). Among the patients admitted in 2011-2012, the highest frequency was observed among people aged 15-19 years, and low frequency was observed in those aged <4 years and >20 years, compatible to the city data and national data. In patients admitted to our department in 1998 (35 cases) and in 2010-2012 (27 cases), there were significant differences in the mean age and the rate of secondary measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccination, but had similar clinical features, including complications, except aseptic meningitis. Antimumps immunoglobulin (Ig) G was positive in 83% and 100%, and IgM was positive in 67% and 41%, respectively, in the two periods. Conclusion: In Korea, recent mumps outbreaks have occurred mainly among secondary school students who received two doses of the MMR vaccine. The vaccinees might have a modified immune reaction to viral insults, manifesting modified epidemiological and clinical features.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.10-16
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• 2000

Objectives : This study was carried out to investigate the sources of infection and modes of transmission of an outbreak of shigellosis that occurred among students of B middle and high school in Bonghwa, Korea from May 1 to 21, 1999. Methods : We conducted questionnaires to 468 students, 38 stalls and 9 food handlers twice times (May 6, May 21) for follow up and secondary attack rate. Personal details and history of illness and exposure to particular foods were sought. And we conducted rectal swab for culture to 243 students, 33 staffs and 9 food handlers. Bacteriological examinations of water in the school were done. Cases were identified as subjects who had diarrhea (two or more loose stools in a 24-hour periods) on or after May 1. Results : A total of 307 cases (attack rate: 59.6%) of 515 subject were identified, including 50 confirmed (46 students and 4 staffs) by S. sonnei. All 9 food handlers denied illness and were had rectal swab for culture at May 6 that were negative for S. sonnei. 146 of 307 reported fever, 156 had tenesmus, 44 reported vomiting, and only 5 of 307 reported blood in the stool. The median duration of diarrhea was 4 days (range: 1-18 days). The mean incubation period until onset of diarrhea was 63 hours (range: 46-144 hours) and the secondary attack rate was 2.8% (43 cases of 1,561 family members). Risk for illness was higher among students who had eaten watered kimchi at March 30 than among those who did not [301(72.7%) of 417 versus 5(9.6%) of 52; RR=7.51;95% CI=3.26-17.31]. Conclusion : The source of infection was estimated to be contaminated watered kimchi by ore or two food hardier who is presumed to be carrier.

• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.19-27
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• 2008

Purpose: Microvascular reconstructive surgery has become an integral part of the treatment of head and neck cancer patients. This review of 121 free flaps for head and neck cancer patients performed over the last 11 years was done to evaluate circulatory crisis, salvage, and secondary reconstruction and to investigate which factors may contribute to these rates. Method: Nine emergent explorations among 121 head and neck reconstruction with free flaps were reviewed to analyze detection of vascular crisis, the time interval from detection of circulatory crisis to exploration, operation procedures and results, and secondary reconstructions. Emergent exploration was done with our protocol. Result: Nine free flaps exhibited signs of vascular problems between 1 day and 6 days postoperatively. The emergent exploration rate of this series was 7.4% (9/121). The salvage rate was 55.6% (5/9), giving an overall flap viability of 96.7% (117/121). In our study, preoperative radiation therapy, positive smoking history, alcohol consumption history, combined disease such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, recipient vessels and types of vascular anastomosis were not related to the causes of circulatory crisis. The mean time interval between the onset of clinical recognition of impaired flap perfusion and re-exploration of the salvaged 5 flaps was 3.2 hours, that of failed 4 flaps was 11.25 hours. Conclusion: Despite high overall success rate, relatively low salvage rate may be attributed to late detection of circulatory crisis and in long time interval between detection and exploration. We conclude that early detection of circulatory crisis and expeditious re-exploration are a matter of great importance for the success of salvage operation.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권5호
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• pp.408-412
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• 1998

In order to illustrate the role of conidia of Mycosphaerella nawae as a secondary inoculum in nature, pseudothecial development on persimmon leaves was investigated microscopically. The fungal ascospores have been believed as the primary or only inoculum source in nature, however, pseudothecia were readily formed on persimmon leaves infected naturally and artificially by conidia. The pseudothecia of M. nawae were found to form in the tissues of infected leaves while the leaves were still hanging on the trees. The size of pseudothecia were approximately 51.0~122.4$\times$51.0~112.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (82.8 $\times$72.5 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$in average), the shapes were spherical, ovoid or occidental pear type. The sizes of asci were approximately 30.6~61.2$\times$8.2~10.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$(46.6$\times$9.4 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in average) and the shapes were cylinder or banana. The ascospores were mostly spindle type, and the sizes were 10.2~12.2$\times$3.1~4.1 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ (11.4$\times$3.2 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ in average)-like. The pseudothecial formation was initiated before defoliation and morphological characteristics of the pseudothecia, ascus and ascospores on the infected leaves were fully illustrated in this study. Results indicated that conidia of M. nawae induce circular leaf spot of persimmon as much as ascospores, and might play an important role of the disease epidemics in nature.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.205-211
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• 2012

Pueraria lobata is a perennial legume plant, widely distributed in the countries of East Asia. It is a medicinally important leguminous plant and produces various isoflavones such as puerarin, daidzein etc which have potential for preventing several chronic diseases including osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease and cancer. In this study, we tried to induce hairy roots in vitro from Korean wild arrowroot P. lobata and investigated the effects of hormones and light conditions. Initially leaf and stem segments were infected with Agrobacterium rhizogenes and incubated in different conditions. Hairy roots were induced from only stem segments and the induction was best at dark condition and the presence of IBA during incubation. Secondary roots were also significantly much more induced at the dark condition than at the 16 hours light condition. Among plant growth regulators of auxin, IBA was best for secondary root formation while 2,4-D, IAA and NAA produced callus or less hairy roots. The presence of the foreign gene rolC transferred by A. rhizogenes that plays a major role in hairy root induction was confirmed by PCR. The accumulation of isoflavones such as puerarin and daidzin was also confirmed. These results will facilitate mass production of hairy root and can be used for the production of functional substances from wild arrowroots.