• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.744-748
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• 1998

Several praziquantel derivatives have been prepared by the acylation of compound 5, and examined on their biological activity in vitro agninst adult clonorchis sinensis collected from rabbits infected with metacercariae which was isolated from Pseudorasbora parva, a second intermediate host, captured in Nakdong river in Korea.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.101-105
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• 2003

The metacercariae of Acanthotrema felis Sohn et at., 2003 (Digenea: Heterophyidae) were discovered in a species of the brackish water fish, Acanthogobius flavimanus, in the Republic of Korea. They were experimentally fed to kittens, and adult flukes were harvested 7 days later. The adults were morphologically characterized by the presence of a bipartite seminal vesicle, the ventral sucker associated with a ventrogenital sac enclosing 3 sclerites (2 long and pointed, and 1 short and thumb-like), and an unarmed gonotyl. The adult flukes were identified as A. felis Sohn et al., 2003, and the brackish water fish A. flavimanus has been verified as one of its second intermediate hosts.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.194-200
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• 1986

1986년 5월부터 동년 10월까지 폐흡충 침윤지로 알려진 경북 울진군을 관류하는 남대천, 광천, 왕피천에서 가재의 분포상을 조사한 다음 가재에서의 폐흡충 피낭유충 기생상을 조사하였다. 가재의 서식밀도는 한사람이 한시간에 잡을수 있는 가재의 평균수로 표시하였으며, 이번 조사에서는 최소 1마리, 최고 13마리, 평균 4마리를 채집 할 수 있었다. 가재에서의 폐흡충 피낭유충 검출률은 총 피검가재 817마리중 127마리 (15.5%)였으며, 지역별로는 두천계곡에서 25.1%로 가장 높았다. 가재 체부위별 검출상은 감염가재 127마리에서 총 219개의 피낭유충을 검출하였으며, 이중 두흉부(60.7%), 아가미(37.4%), 간(1.8%)순으로 검출 할 수 있었으며, 감염가재 1마리당 평균 유출수는 1.7개 이었다. 이상의 성적으로 미루어 보아 경북 울진군 남대천, 광천, 왕피천 유역은 아직도 폐흡충 침윤지로 남아 있음을 알았다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 1990

경남 진주시의 뱀집에서 구입한 유혈목이(Rhabdophis tigrina)에서 Pharyngostomum cordatum의 피낭유충을 검출하였으며, 수집된 피낭유충을 마우스, 횐쥐, 햄스터, 오리, 개 및 고양이에 경구 감염시켰던 바, 고양이에서만 감염 후 5주에 성충이 회수되었다. 피낭유충은 전단이 후단에 비해 조금 풍족하였으며 복측으로 만곡되어 있었고 체내에는 원형 또는 타원형의 배설과립이 충만되어 있었다. 체장은 0.60∼0.85(평균 0.71)mm, 체폭은 0.42∼0.60(평균 0.49)mm이었으며 각 기관의 계측치 및 형태학적 특징이 P. cnrdatum과 일치하였다 고양이로부터 회수한 성충은 충체가 매우 육질성이 었으며 앞, 뒤 두 부분으로 나뉘어져 있었고 체잘은 1.41∼2.19mm(평균 1.74mm)이었다. 각 기관의 계측치 및 형태학적 특징이 기 보고된 Ciurea(1922), Cho and Lee (1951) 등의 결과와 일치하여 P. cerdatum(Diesing, 1850) Ciurea, 1922으로 동정하였다. 이상의 결과로 우리 나라에서 유혈목이가 P. cordatum의 제 2중간숙주(또는 paratenic host)로 작용하고 있음을 확인하였다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.85-97
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• 2024

This study aimed to describe the morphological and molecular characteristics of Paralecithodendrium longiforme (Digenea: Lecithodendriidae) adults and cercariae isolated in Thailand. Adult flukes were isolated from the Chinese pipistrelle bat (Hypsugo sp.), and cercariae were detected in the viviparid snail (Filopaludina martensi martensi) from Chiang Mai province. The morphological characteristics were observed and described using conventional methods, and the molecular characteristics with internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) and 28S rDNA gene sequences. The adult flukes were fusiform, 0.84-0.98 mm in length, and 0.37-0.49 mm in width, and were distinguishable from other species by the presence of longitudinal uterine coils. The cercariae were nonvirgulate xiphidiocercariae, with the oral sucker bigger than the acetabulum, the tail without fin fold, a body size of 117.5-138.3×48.3-52.2 ㎛, and a tail size of 100.7-103.7×15.0-18.9 ㎛. Molecular studies revealed that the adults and cercariae shared 99.3% (ITS2) and 99.6% (28S rDNA) homology with each other. They were phylogenetically close to P. longiforme with an identity of 94.5% for ITS2 and 98.7% for 28S rDNA. This study provides new information on the natural definitive host and first intermediate host of P. longiforme in Thailand. The discovery of its cercarial stage in Filopaludina snails highlights the importance of monitoring the associated second intermediate host and prevention and control of this potentially zoonotic trematode.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.161-174
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• 1990

우리 나라에서 인체감염을 일으키는 스파르가눔의 중간숙주를 파악하고, 각 단계의 유충을 관찰하기 위하여 이 연구를 수행하였다. 실험실에서 키운 물벼룩(Mesocyclops leuckarti, Eucyclops serrulatusi Moina sp.)과 참개 구리의 올챙이를 각 단계의 유충에 접촉 감염시키고, 다음 단계의 유충을 얻어 다른 숙주에 감염시켰다 각 시기에 있는 유충의 발육과 형태를 관찰한 바 다음의 결과를 얻었다. 1. 실험적으로 스파르가눔을 개와 고양이에 감염시켜 얻은 Spirometra의 충란을 증류수에서 $29^{\circ}C$로 배양한 결과 10~14일에 유충(coracidium)이 탈각 부화하였다. 이 때 광선이 탈각을 촉진하였다. Coracidium은 평균 $43.8{\times}36.9{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$의 크기이었고, 길이 $12.8{\;}{\mu\textrm{m}}$의 섬모로 덮혀 있었다. 2. Coracidium에 노출된 물벼룩 중에서 M. leuckarti와 E. serrulatus가 procercoid 유충을 체강에 가지고 있었 다. 감염 5일에 형태가 갖추어지고, 10일에 제 2중간숙주에 감염 력을 가지며, 한 달 이후에는 석회화되었다. 이 유충의 전단에는 미세한 소극이 밀생하여 있었고, 체내에 칼슘소구(calcium corpuscles)가 관찰되고, 후단에 cercomer가 형성되어 있었다. 3. 감염된 물벼륵과 접촉시킨 모든 올챙이의 복강에서 스파르가눔(plerocercoid 유충)이 회수되었다. 을챙이에 서 감염 후 20일에 길이 1mm이내의 서양배 형의 작은 충체가 관찰되었고, 45일에는 길이가 약 4mm정도의 유충이 회수되었다. 4. 마우스에 경구감염시킨 procercoid 유충은 감염 후 17일 및 19일에 스파르가눔으로 성장하였고 각각 5.7% 및 7.1%의 충체가 회수되었다. 5. 올챙이에서 얻은 스파르가눔을 개와 고양이에 감염시킨 결과 15~17일에 대변에서 Spirometra의 충란이 검출되 었다. 감염 후 6주에 개에서 회수한 충체는 길이가 110cm, 폭이 0.8cm이 었다. 성숙 편절의 자궁이 4~5회 의 나선형이고 한 펀절의 길이와 폭의 비율이 1 : 2.9이었다. 횡단 절편된 펀절에서 생식공과 질구가 간격을 두 고 개구하고, 음경낭과 저정낭이 하나의 낭을 형성하여 Spirometra erinacei의 기술과 일치하였다. 이 연구의 결과로 우리 나라의 논, 저수지, 수로, 개천 등에 흔히 분포하는 담수 갑각류 중에서 M. leuckarti 와 E. serrulatus가 스파르가눔의 중간숙주가 될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 충란의 배양에서부터 종숙주의 충란 배출까지 약 2개월 정도의 기간이 소요되었고, 우리 나라 자연환경에서는 5일에서 7월에 주로 이 충체의 유충이 발육되고 전파되는 것으로 추측되었다.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.85-118
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• 2001

Studies on Gymnophalloides seoi (Digenea: Gymnophallidae) and human infections are briefly reviewed. This minute intestinal fluke was first discovered from a Korean woman suffering from acute pancreatitis and gastrointestinal troubles. It was described as a new species by Lee, Chai and Hong in 1993. The southwestern coastal village where the patient resided was found to be a highly endemic area, and additional endemic areas have been identified. The parasite is very small, 0.33-0.50 mm long and 0.23-0.33 mm wide. and characterized by the presence of a ventral pit. The first intermediate host remains unknown, but the second intermediate host has been found to be the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Man and the Palearctic oystercatcher Haematopus ostralegus have been shown to be natural definitive hosts , and wading birds including the Dentish plover Charadrius alexandrinus are highly susceptible to experimental infection. Gerbils, hamsters, cats, and several strains of mice were also susceptible laboratory hosts. In experimentally infected mice, the parasites inhabit the small intestine, pinching and sucking the root of villi with their large oral suckers, but they did not invade beyond the mucosa in immunocompetent mice. However, they were found to invade the submucosa in immunosuppressed mice. Human G. seoi infections have been found in at least 25 localities; 23 islands on the Yellow Sea or the South Sea, and 2 western coastal villages. The highest Prevalence was found in a village on Aphaedo. Shinan-fun (49% e99 Positive rate) : other areas showed 0.8-25.3% prevalence. Infected people complained of variable degrees of gastrointestinal troubles and indigestion. The infection can be diagnosed by recovery of eggs in the feces; however, an expert is needed to identify the eggs. Praziquantel, 10mg/kg in single dose, is effective for treatment of human infections. Eating raw oysters in endemic areas should be avoided.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.100-103
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• 1998

A survey on the incidence of metacercariae infection of Clonorchis sinensis in the fresh water fish, Pseudorasbora parva which is well known as the second intermediate host for this fluke was carried out in the upper stream of Phoung-tack stream, Kyungki province during the period of October to November 1997. Forty fish in P. parva were collected by netting, or using the bait in transparent bowls from the two different districts located in Osung-myun, Phoungtack-gun and transported to the laboratory. The body length and weight were measured. They were from 5.0 to 7.6 cm in length and 1.0 to 5.0 g in weight. A total of 40 P. parva were divided 3 groups by the size (70-79, 60-69 and 50-59 mm) and were digested by artificial digestion with pepsin-Hcl solution in a 36$\circ$C incubator and then examined the infection density of metacercariae of the fresh water fish under a binocular dissecting microscope. The incidence of metacercariae infection in P. parva was 406 of 40 examined and the metacercariae detection rate showed 77.5%. The average number of metacercariae detected in P. parva was 10.2. The results of the survey indicate that Clonorchis sinensis infection may occur by consuming raw fresh water fish caught from the upper stream of Phoungtackho, Kyungki province.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.240-250
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• 2023

The genus Anisakis is among the most significant parasites to public health, as it causes anisakiasis, a parasitic infection in humans resulting from consuming raw or undercooked seafood. Although the infection status of Anisakis in second intermediate hosts, such as marine fishes and cephalopods, and humans have been severally reported in Korea, no information about the definitive host in Korean waters is available. In 2014, 2 adult gastric nematodes were collected from a common minke whale (Balaenoptera acutorostrata) found in the East Sea, Korea. These worms were identified as A. simplex sensu stricto (s.s.) by comparing the mitochondrial COX2 marker with previously deposited sequences. Phylogenetic and phylogeographic analyses of A. simplex (s.s.) worldwide revealed 2 distinct populations: the Pacific population and the European waters population. This is the first report on adult Anisakis and its definitive host species in Korea. Further studies on Anisakis infection in other cetacean species and marine mammals in Korean seas are warranted.

• 약학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.33-39
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• 1987

In order to elucidate the defence mechanism of Cyprinus carpio nudus to Clonorchis sinensis, clonorchicidal substance in the epidermal mucus of this fish was isolated by silica gel column and thin layer chromatography and analyzed for its chemical nature by UV, IR and NMR-spectroscopy. The epidermal mucus of the fish was extracted by ethyl ether and separated into 2 fractions by column chromatography using petroleum ether/chloroform(30/70,v/v) as first solvent and methanol as second solvent. The second fraction with greyish white colour showed clonorchicidal effect. The second was again fractionated into greyish white precipitate and clonorchicidal greenish yellow supernatant fraction, by adding petroleum ether and standing the mixture for 5 days at $5^{\circ}C$. The latter was divided into 7 fractions in column chromatography with acetone/ benzene (10/90, v/v) as carrier. The fraction on equivalent to the spot of Rf. 0.225 value among them disclosed the strongest clonorchicidal effect. By this purification procedure, clonorchicidal substance was purified 154-fold with 0.9% yield from the mucus of the fish, and 10mg of the final fraction killed tne metaceicariae in 22 min. Infra red, nuclear magnetic resonance and ultraviolet spectrometric analysis of the purified substance revealed that the substance is linoleic acid. According to the results of the present studies it seemed that this fish could not be proper intermediate host of Clonorchis sixensis, and that defence mechanism of this fish to the worm seems to be correlated with clonorchicidal substance in epidermal mucus.