• Culinary science and hospitality research
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.27-39
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• 2017

This study was to examine how consumption value of female consumers affects impulse consumption and purchase satisfaction when they buy bakery goods, present specific determinant factors that affect them, and identify its influencing factors. The survey was conducted with those who have bought bakery goods of female consumers in Seoul and Kyonggi area, using a convenience sampling method. After a total of 400 responses was collected, 366 responses were included for the multiple regression analyses in order to test the hypotheses. To summarize findings from this study, analysis of the first hypothesis showed that "emotional impulse buying," "stimulating impulse buying," "reminder impulse buying," and "situational impulse buying" among impulse buying factors in consumption value factors had positive effects. The second hypothesis analyzed that "emotional impulse buying," "stimulating impulse buying," and "situational impulse buying" gave positive impacts on "purchase satisfaction," while "reminder impulse buying" had no influence. Analysis of the third hypothesis demonstrated that "consumption value" had positive effects on "purchase satisfaction." These findings were significant to examine consumption value that show the consuming pattern of consumers, analyze influencing factors on impulse buying of female consumers, and further present marketing strategies used for advantageous tools with competing stores to bakery owners or marketers.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.22 no.8
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• pp.1063-1072
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• 2013

To overcome the ecosystem-crisis of resource depletion and climate change, we should maintain and develop a 'Sustainability' of our society. 'After-market' is defined like this : any market where customers who buy one product or service are likely to buy a related follow-on product. This is related to a automotive, electric and electronic, and remanufacturing industry. 'After-market' will be helpful for reuse and recycling of resources aspects, cost and economic efficiency, low-carbon, climate protection, and new industries and job creation effects, To promote 'After-Market', we need to guarantee the quality of products. In this regard, we refer and introduce a new standard, for example, BS8887, PAS141 and ISO20245 etc. In order to promote 'After-Market', first of all, product quality assurance and safety must be demonstrated in the process of reuse. Second, many aspects of a device that protects the rights of consumers to be provided. And third, the related laws and standards should be reviewed. Finally, original manufacturer's awareness for environmental protection and resource conservation and government's institutional support are needed.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.326-336
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to survey the wearing and purchasing situation related to brassieres between Korean and Chinese women and to analyze the differences among them. This study utilized a survey targeting 397 women in their 20's in Korea and China. The results were as follows: First, Korean women considered that their breasts are conical in shape, whereas Chinese women considered their breasts to have a flat shape. With regard to breast size, those of Chinese women are larger than those of Korean women. Moreover, Chinese women expressed a high rate of dissatisfaction with their breasts. Second, regarding the wearing condition of brassieres, while Korean women expected their brassiere to converge their breasts to the center, Chinese women expected their brassiere to support the breasts. It was found that many of them were dissatisfied with the shoulder straps and the center front wire. Third, in the results pertaining to the purchasing brassieres, although both Korean and Chinese Women mainly visited brand name stores to buy brassieres, compared with Chinese women, Korean women prefer to shop at home to buy the brassieres. In addition, they considered the compensation effect, size, activity, fabric and fit as the most important selection criteria when purchasing a brassiere.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.475-482
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• 2021

This research intends to examine and analyze the service quality effect on petrol buying intention through satisfaction when the Maranatha Christian University lecturers spend their money in the Pertamina-affiliated gas stations in Bandung. To attain this goal, we develop four relevant hypotheses to be tested. Furthermore, we use simple random sampling to acquire samples by denoting a sample size set by the Slovin formula. To collect the responses, we use the online survey and fruitfully yield a 53.54% rate with a total of 106 lecturers participating in completing the distributed questionnaire link. This number is near 100; hence, we employ a structural equation model with a variance basis to analyze them. After examining the data and conferring the results, we conclude three things. First, service quality does not affect purchasing intention, but customer satisfaction positively does. Second, service quality has a positive impact on customer satisfaction. Finally, consumer satisfaction successfully mediates the effect of service quality on the intention to buy. Based on these conclusions, this paper finds the superior service to the petrol buyers is the key driver for the gas stations under Pertamina control to effectively compete with their rivals in the marketplace, especially in Bandung.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.7
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• pp.383-391
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• 2021

This study examines the connectedness between the number of COVID-19 cases in Thailand and trading value among investors in the Stock Exchange of Thailand. Daily data of COVID-19 cases and trading value were sourced from the Thailand ministry of public health and the Stock Exchange of Thailand, from January 12, 2020 to May 11, 2021. This study applies a multiple linear regression analysis to explain the relationship between variables. Empirical evidence clearly shows that the volatility of trading value was affected by COVID-19's new, confirmed, and deaths cases within the first pandemic period more than during the second pandemic period. Nevertheless, during the third pandemic period there is no evidence that the new, confirmed, and deaths cases significantly influenced trading value. Furthermore, the results show that COVID-19's new and deaths cases have a negative coefficient that indicated the trading value-buy/sell decreased in response to COVID-19's new and deaths cases, whereas the confirmed COVID-19 cases have a positive coefficient that indicated the trading value-buy/sell increased in response to COVID's confirmed cases. In summary, this study suggests that the number of COVID-19 cases have a significant impact on the trading value in the short term more than in the intermediate and long term.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Floral Art and Design
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• no.40
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• pp.125-136
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• 2019

This study aims to examine the important factors of flower shops' store attributes influencing the repurchase intention for people who buy flowers for themselves with a hedonic shopping motivation. This study was verified by empirical survey and the results are summarized as follow. First, it was found that price, salesperson's professionalism, store accessibility had a significant positive impact on the repurchasing intention of flowers. Second, it was found that price is the first important factor influencing the repurchasing intention of flowers, and next salesperson's professionalism is the second important one, and lastly store accessibility is the third important one. For implications of this study, this study investigated the cause-and-effect relationship between flower shops' store attributes and the repurchasing intention of flowers for people who buy flowers for themselves with a hedonic shopping motivation, so it provides a theoretical foundation for further studies.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.45-59
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• 2022

Purpose - This study investigates the performance of investment strategies incorporating estimated stock market cycle based on a lead-lag relationship between business cycle and stock market cycle, thereby deriving empirical implications on risk management. Design/methodology/approach - The data period ranges from June 1953 to September 2022 and de-trended short rate, term spread, credit spread, stock market volatility are considered as major input variables to estimate business cycle and stock market cycle by applying probit model. Based on the estimated stock market cycle, two types of strategies are constructed and their performance relative to the benchmark is empirically examined. Findings Two types of strategies based on stock market cycle are considered: The first strategy is to long(short) on stocks when stock market stage is expected to be an expansion(a recession), and the second one is to long on stocks(bonds) when expecting an expansion(a recession). The empirical results show that the strategies based on stock market cycle outperforms a simple buy and hold strategy in both in-sample and out-of-sample investigation. Also the out-of-sample evidence suggests that the second strategy which is in line with asset allocation is more profitable than the first one. Research implications or Originality The strategies considered in this study are based on the estimated stock market cycle which only depends on a few easily available financial variables, thereby making easier to establish such a strategy. It implies that investors enhance investment performance by constructing a relatively simple trading strategies if they set their position on stocks or choose which asset class to buy conditioning on stock market cycle.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to investigate cosmetic purchasing behaviors among female college students in Cheongju area. Three-hundred female college students who were attending universities in Cheongju area were selected. Questionnaire survey method and SPSS computer program were utilized. The findings of this study were as follow: First, 8.5% of monthly disposible money was spent for cosmetic and this amount of cosmetic expenditure was a little burden to female college students. Second, most female college students began to make up from freshmen or sophomore. And they were making up for self-satisfaction rather than showing off. Third, the purchasing behaviors of female college students were most affected by TV advertisements. Fourth, female college students thought that cosmetic is a necessity rather than luxury for them. And they were considering quality when they buy cosmetic first and price second. Fifth, female college students showed that rather low level of impulse purchasing behaviors.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.41-66
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• 2013

IS outsourcing has an important meaning to the Korean SME's (Small and Medium Enterprises) which want to use the IS Services. The objective of this research is to manage IT risks occurred during IS outsourcing project process. This study tries to identify these risks using real option methodology. In order to perform this objective, this study set up the research model which is composed of two main concepts. The first one is the risk factors occurred during IS outsourcing project process: User's Risks, Supplier's Risks and Transaction's Risks. All of these risks are based on Transaction Cost Theory. The second one is the intention to get (or buy) Real Options to manage the risks. In the research model, two types of real option are included: option to abandon (put option) and option to defer (call option). This study uses questionnaires and statistics methodology (PLS) to analyze the hypotheses proposed in the research model. Compared with prior studies, this study is different in two ways. First, this study restricts the range of IT risks. Prior researches of IT Risk management in MIS area cover various range of IT risks, but this study focuses on the Korean SME's IT outsourcing risks on the basis of Transaction Cost Theory. This study tests the relationship between the risks and real option types. Second, this study tries to test the moderating effect of user's risks and supplier's risks on the relationship between transaction's risks and real option types. In IT outsourcing research area, almost studies focus on the direct relationships between IT risks and outsourcing success. But in reality, the co-relationship among IT risks may occur. There are some findings according to the research analysis. First, risks related with user's risks have strong causal relationships with the intention to get option to abandon (put) and option to defer. But risks related with supplier's risks have causal relationships only with option to abandon (put). Second, user's risks and supplier's risks have no moderating effect on the relationship between transaction's risks and real option types. According to the research results, this research have some important and interesting implications on the IS outsourcing business area. First, this study identifies the effective types of real option to minimize the risks occurred during the IT outsourcing projects. So IS outsourcing service users can manage (or minimize) effectively the risks, which occurred during outsourcing projects, using real options. Second, real option gives benefits to suppliers and users at the same time (i.e., win-win strategies between IS outsourcing service providers and users). Vendors (:IS outsourcing service providers) can offer users the real options which can minimize the occurrence of risks in time. "IN TIME" means that before the IS outsourcing project starts, vendors can offer users the opportunity to buy real options in appropriate prices to manage the possibility of the risks of IS outsourcing project. And users also have chance to minimize the IT outsourcing risks occurred during the project process using real options.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.431-435
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• 2008

Thanks to the development of internet, on-line market expands exponentially and corresponding solid business models are drawn attentions. Most of on-line trading items are limited with selling game related items however, Linden Lab made its turning point by introducing cyber reality game to shape the cyber life with creating his own Avatar in 2003. After 2003, Second life has grown sharply that over 12 million users around the world. While former games are progressed within fixed scenario, the concept of avatars who live his or her own lives at the cyber space that successfully differentiate from former online game. Further, cyber money, Linden Dollar can be used to buy real estate, cloth, shoes just like at real economy system. Not only for using corporate marketing, various areas of activities; promotion of public sector, politics, education are also functioned at the cyber life. In Korea, Korean version of Second life was introduced at the end of 2007 that draws attentions from the users. In this study, I examine various business models of cyber through Second life and suggest feasible culture-contents applying models.