• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.1058-1071
• /
• 1999

Although healthy lifestyles have been proved as an effective way of improving higher well-beings for individuals. researches on health-promoting behaviors of minority elderly with a specific ethnic heritage have been sparsely tried. This study was designed to explore health-promoting lifestyle patterns of Korean immigrant elderly living in Seattle, USA and its relationships with two associated perceptual variables, self-esteem and perceived health status. One hundred ten Korean immigrant elderly were recruited from two senior centers and interviewed with a structured questionnaire. Data were collected from October 1998 to January 1999, and analyzed using SPSS program through which t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson Correlation Coefficients were tested. As the results, the mean HPLP score of the Korean immigrant elderly was 2.54 (SD ＝ .36), showing significant differences by education (F ＝ 3.61, P ＝ .016), economic status (F ＝ 3.01, P ＝ .034), and current health status (F ＝ 3.69, p ＝ .008). In self-esteem, two socioeconomic variables showed statistical association with self-esteem : marital status (t ＝ 2.47, P ＝ .015) and living situation (F ＝ 4.03, p ＝ .021). The HPLP subscales that showed higher mean scores were nutrition (M ＝ 3.01, SD ＝ .52) and interpersonal support (M ＝ 2.65, SD ＝ .47) while lower mean scores were detected in the domain of exercise (M ＝ 1.92, SD ＝ .74) and stress management (M ＝ 2.26, SD ＝ .47). Perceived health status revealed significant positive correlation with health-promoting lifestyle patterns (r ＝ .19, P ＝ .043) and self-esteem (r ＝ .32, P ＝ .001) in the present study. It is concluded that engagement in health-promoting lifestyle patterns should be actively encouraged to enhance personal health of Korean immigrant elderly. Developing health promotion programs focused on exercise and stress management is also imperatively suggested not only for better health practices of Korean immigrant elderly population but also for enhancing their level of well-beings and life satisfaction.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2012

Recently, the increase of impervious area has been pointed out as a major cause of climate change and biotop area deterioration]. Therefore, quantitative indicators for environmental housing design and planning have been needed especially to control the impervious area. The Biotop Area Ratio(BAR) as the mostly applied environmental planning control instrument in Korea verifying the possibility of utilizing has been used effectively in various aspects. However, the fact that the space types are based on two dimension and ecological functions of spaces are simplified has shown the limitations of this planning instrument in the use as planning and evaluation indicator. In this study, classification criteria and the weighting of the space types in similar indicators Biotopflaechenfaktor (BFF, Berlin), Seattle Green Factor (SGF, Seattle), and Green Area Factor (GAF, Malmo) were analyzed. These indicators are similar in the sense that they apply weights to calculate the area and express a percentage of land area. The findings are as follows: The basic method that can estimate the vegetation volume is proposed to overcome the limitation of the BAR. It also was proven that the introduction of three-dimensional volume rate of biotops area was possible. Finally, the framework of space type classification criteria is proposed through linkages with relevant laws and regulations. With the improvement of the space types, the BAR is expected to be reasonable indicator in outdoor space evaluation in housing project.

• 한국융합학회논문지
• /
• 제10권10호
• /
• pp.129-142
• /
• 2019

도심의 노후 쇠퇴한 산업지구는 삶의 질과 지역경제 활성화 측면에서 새로운 산업의 유치와 도시환경개선 등의 도시재생을 필요로 한다. 본 연구는 국외 선진사례의 분석을 통하여 도심 노후산업지구 도시재생사업의 방법론적 시사점을 도출하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 공공과 민간이 협력하여 첨단산업과 문화산업을 유치 도입함으로써 도시재생에 성공한 대표적인 사례인 미국 시애틀의 '사우스 레이크 유니언'과 포틀랜드의 '펄 디스트릭트'를 사례로 문헌고찰과 사례분석을 진행하였다. 사례분석의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 토지용도는 업무 상업 주거의 복합용도로, 건축물 용도는 업무시설 상업시설 위락시설 주거시설 등으로 변화되었다. 둘째, 보행 친화적 가로환경, 공원 및 오픈스페이스, 대중교통시설, 생활지원시설 등 이용자 중심의 기반시설이 확충되었다. 셋째, 기존 도시구조 및 조직 유지, 건축물 리노베이션, 산업유산의 보전 등을 통한 장소정체성 제고가 이루어졌다.

• 한국항해학회지
• /
• 제11권2호
• /
• pp.33-52
• /
• 1987

The disasters of wet bound vessels have been more frequent than those of east bound ones on the sea routes of the North Pacific Ocean in winter season. M/V Hanjin-Inchon was also west bound in her missing voyage. The container vessel of 17, 676 gross tons, M/V Hanjin-Inchon owned by Hanjin Shipping Co.Ltd in Seoul Korea left seattle in west coast of U.S.A for Pusan , Korea on the 5th Feb., 1987 and sailed along the exact courses recommended by Ocean Routes until she reported her position and speed as 49-30N, 158-00E and 8 knots to her head office in Seoul by this ship's time 2200 hours on the 13th Feb., 1987. The above message turned out to be last message from her because she had been missing since then leaving no message but only two life boats of her name, three containers cases, large scale of oil slicks and the corpse of her 3rd mate drifting on the sea near the position reported by her last message.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제6권2호
• /
• pp.329-368
• /
• 1999

This paper surveys recent remarkable progress in the study of potential theory for symmetric stable processes. It also contains new results on the two-sided estimates for Green functions Poisson kernels and Martin kernels of discontinuous symmetric $alpha$ -stable process in bounded $C^{1,1}$ open sets. The new results give ex-plicit information on how the comparing constants depend on pa-rametrer $alpha$ and consequently recover the green function and Poisson kernel estimates for Brownian motion by passing $alpha{\uparrow}2$. In addition to these new estimates this paper surveys recent progress in the study of notions of harmonicity integral representation of harmonic func-tions boundary harnack inequality conditional gauge and intrinsic ultracontractivity for symmetric stable processes. Here is a table of contents.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제48권
• /
• pp.27-56
• /
• 2010

Pollution emissions from international shipping and port activities have a significant impact on public health and global climate changes. The purpose of this paper is to review the status of pollution mitigation measures implemented to date in port industry and find out some implications for Korean ports. For this aim, the clean air strategies of the world major ports including six USA ports (Los Angeles/Long Beach, Now York/New Jersey, and Seattle and Tacoma), two European ports (Rotterdam and Gothenburg) and Busan Port were considered. Various measures to reduce emission from ports are evaluated by sectors-ocean going vessels, cargo handling equipments, truck and rail-, on the basis of categories such as reduction control technologies, operational changes and market-based measures. The policy implications of this paper are as follows. First, Clean Air Act Plans of Korean ports are required as soon as possible. Second, integrated approach is required to reduce emission effectively. Finally, the effect of port-related emission reduction can be maximized when various measures are conducted on a regional basis including neighboring ports. Furthermore, regional or global-based approach is useful to guarantee the level playing field among ports.

• Architectural research
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.17-23
• /
• 2006

Brownfield redevelopment is relatively a new area of interest for federal and local government in the U.S. In the past years, there are continuing interests by urban planners, policy makers and scholars in the effects of neighborhood amenities on brownfield. This paper intends to introduce brownfield redevelopment efforts and assess the approaches to implement such efforts by reviewing current federal legislation in the U.S. for brownfield, especially in the case of the Seattle Region. This paper provides an understanding of the brownfield phenomenon, statutory dilemmas, barriers and strategies of brownfield redevelopment. This paper also addresses the need of more policy adoption and implementation for successful brownfield redevelopment.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.512-523
• /
• 1995

The central theme of Habital heterogeneity is to provide animals with habital complexity or structural diversity and to allow resource partitioning among individuals. In turn, the leads to population stability because prey can escape more easily with more hiding places causing less population fluctuation. Species diversity is characterized due to more potential niches both horizontally and verticall. Empirically, in homogeneous habitats population was less abundant, reproduction and survival were lower, spacing behavior, competition and dispersal were higher than in heterogeneous habitats. The results imply that diversity and conservation of species can be maintained through providing heterogeneous habitats.

• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• 제38권3_4호
• /
• pp.277-290
• /
• 2020

We propose and analyze a chord summation algorithm, which combines the ideas of Viète and Archimedes to calculate the value of π. The error of the algorithm decreases exponentially per iteration and becomes pinched at a critical iteration, depending on the accuracy of the first input value, ${\sqrt{2}}$. The critical iteration is also analyzed.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제13권
• /
• pp.805-833
• /
• 2000

Electronic commerce facilitates trade and lower transaction cost can help firms make use of the opportunities of globalization of production and markets. Electronic commerce has broad implications for future trade. These implications include the effect on trade policy making and enforcement. And it is important to ensure that the present and future trading system de jure and de facto allows electronic commerce to realize its potentials as an alternative or a complement to conventional trade. The comprehensive work program had been implemented to examine all trade-related issues relating to global electronic commerce before the Seattle 3rd Ministerial Conference which was suspended. In general, Member countries recognized the need to ensure that electronic commerce in all its forms is conducted in full conformity with WTO principles and rules. But, there are still major issues to be solved such as access to relevant electronic systems, competition policy in telecomnunications services, WTO provisions relating to the protection of IPRs, the clarification of a number of key concepts and definitions, etc.