• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.51-58
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of seasonal change in characteristics of hygiene activity on domestic hot water energy consumption. With 16 residents of 4 households, the data about frequency of hygiene activity and water temperature was collected from February to August, 2017. The results of collected data discovered that the frequency of hygiene activity was higher especially in summer, whereas the consumption of warm water they used was higher in winter. The seasonal change in characteristics of hygiene activity was analyzed to be changed and strongly influenced by outdoor temperature. The influence of characteristics of hygiene activity on hot water consumption was analyzed. There was 13% of difference between consumption that was calculated taking characteristics of hygiene activity into account and consumption that was not. Therefore, this study suggested hygiene activity schedule, hot water profile and hot water consumption pattern, which can be utilized for improving simulation as well.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• no.34
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• pp.69-77
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to recognize the living space and life pattern transition which is expressed in the modernization course with the analysis of the Jeju rural houses. For this study, I choose 72 residences examples in 8 villages as the subjects which are changed by the spontaneous purpose of the inhabitants who live in Jeju area were chosen as the subjects. As for the research method, after visiting the subject residence directly, and the field study such as the actual estimation, observation and interview were performed.The conclusion of the study with these purpose are as follows. First, The opened spatial composition of the sitting-inclination is composed of the form which has the individual opened room and living room with the mechanism to grant the flexibility to the limited space and the structure for enduring the much-humid oceanic climate. Second, The life pattern shows the sitting life which usually uses the an-bang and living room with the seasonal change.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.1103-1113
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• 2009

Now in the 21st century, all the industries in our world are rapidly changing, including fashion trends and customers' needs as well. Fashion textile planning is also developing towards the direction where it could satisfy the merged sensitivity and incentive of the customers through an idea. The purpose of this study is to accentuate the importance of fashion material planning in fitting conventional patterns and eco-benign fabric materials. Accordingly, this study is mainly focused on the reflection of fabric planning characteristics to show tradition containing comfort and naturalness. As mixing with established fabrics and blending with natural/functional fabrics, and conforming to the trend of the seasonal fabric, it has developed a new structure and pattern by changing the basic source of traditional patterns to a computer aided design system. Therefore, four different types of items were basically up-graded by fitting it in with traditional patterns.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.428-438
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• 2003

Benthic marine algal community of Hakampo in the western coast of Korea was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. Seasonal assessments of species composition, biomass, dominant species in biomass and vertical distributional pattern were carried out from spring to winter. A total of 121 species was identified; 6 blue-green, 18 green, 16 brown, 81 red algae. In three sites investigated, 96 species were collected at Bunjeomdo, 75 at Maoe, and 57 at Doranggol, respectively. Dermocarpa sp. and Acrochaetium microscopicum were collected for the first time in Korea through this investigation. Dominant species in specific proportions of biomass were Sargassum thunbergii, Gloiopeltis furcata, Corallina spp., Symphyocladia latiuscula and Monostroma nitidum. Seasonal fluctuations of mean biomass were 31.59-427.69 g dry wt$.$$\mu \textrm m^{-2}$ at Bunjeomdo and 20.98-473.48 g dry wt$.$$\mu \textrm m^{-2}$ at Maoe, respectively, which were comparatively high in the western coast of Korea. Vertical distribution in intertidal zones was Gloiopeltis furcata-Gloiopeltis furcata and Corallina spp.-Corallina spp. and Sargassum thunbergii.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.170-174
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• 1994

Atmospheric lead concentrations in Seoul were monitored for ten years from January 1984 to June 1993 using X-ray fluorescence Spectrometer. 342 aerosol samples were collected using high volume samplers at two sites : one at Chungang University campus from 1984 to 1988 and the other at Yonsei University campus from 1989 to 1993. Lead concentration increased steadily from about 300ng/㎥ to the maximum of about 600ng/㎥ in 1988 and then decreased, and this is similar to the pattern of Korean leaded gasoline sales implying that Korean automobile emission is the main source. However, the emission from nation's coal combustion appeared to be substantial as welt, and this emmision is the major cause for the secondary feature strong seasonal variability. Lead concentration varied systematically from season to season, low in summer and high in winter. The region's characteristic climate, frequent and heavy precipitations in summer and dry in winter is considered to be another cause for the seasonal variability.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.53-57
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• 2007

We examined seasonal variation In the abundance and species composition of shrimp communities in Doam Bay and around Naro-do, Korea. Samples were collected monthly from March 2001 to February 2002 (Doam Bay) and from December 2000 to November 2001 (Naro-do) usinga beam trawl. A total of 19 shrimp species representing eight families were collected from Doam Bay. The dominant species were Exopalaemon carinicauda, Trachysalambria curvirostris, Parapenaeopsis tenella and Crangon hakodatei, which accounted for 92.6% of individuals and 92.8% of biomass. In the Naro-do area, a total of 18 shrimp species representing eight families were collected. The dominant species were C. hakodatei and P. tenella, which accounted for 78.6% of individuals. Exopalaemon carinicauda, T. curvirostris, P. tenella, C. hakodatei and Metapenaeus joyneri accounted for 89.6% of biomass. In each season, the pattern of species appearances differed in the two areas.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.225-236
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• 1990

Intertidal algal communities of Muchangpo and Maryangri in western coast of Korea were investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. Seasonal assessments of species composition, biomass, dominant species in biomass and vertical distributional pattern were conducted from July 1986 to April 1988. Ninety-nine species of marine algae (13 Cyanophyta, 12 Chlorophyta, 24 Phaeophyta and 50 Rhodophyta) were observed, of which 90 (13 Cyanophyta, 11 Chlorophyta, 23 Phaeophyta and 43 Rhodophyta) were from Muchangpo and 83 (10 Cyanophyta, 11 Chlorophyta, 21 Phaeophyta and 41 Rhodophyta) were from Maryangri, respectively. Ordination by detrended correspondence analysis based on the floristic data from nine localities indicated that, on the whole, marine algal distribution in western coast of Korea might be divided into two regions, i.e. the north and the south, being separated at the Taean Peninsula, the mid-western coast. Seasonal fluctuations of mean biomass were 44.55-201.19g-dry wt/$m^2$ at Muchangpo and 19.59-134.76g-dry wt/$m^2$ at Maryangri. Important species determined by the specific proportion of biomass were Sargassum thunbergii, Pelvetia siliquosa and Corallina pilulifera at Muchangpo, and Sargassum thunbergii and Corallina pilulifera at Maryangri.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.107-112
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• 2002

Seasonal occurrence pattern of the peach pyramid moth (PPM), Dichocrosis punctfferahs, was studied by sex pheromone traps and mercury light traps in several Fuyu persimmon orchards under different control pressures in southern region of Korea in 2000 and 2001. Fruit damage by the larvae was also checked at harvesting time from 1999 to 2001. The pattern showed 3 distinct peaks; the 1st one in mid to late June, the 2nd one in mid to late August, and the 3rd one in late September. Number of PPM catches was higher in less controlled than in intensively controlled orchards. There were no persimmon fruits damaged by the larvae of PPM and persimmon fruit moth, Stathmopoda masinissa, in our samples from the testing orchards at harvesting time. Therefore, it is unlikely that these two quarantine pests are included in the exporting fruits. Considering flora adjacent to the tested orchards and zero levels of fruit damage by the larvae, there is a strong possibility that the moths flew from neighbouring chestnut trees or other host plants to be attracted to the traps in the persimmon orchards.

• Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Sports Medicine
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.135-140
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• 2006

Purpose: To investigate the risk exposure, risk of injury, and injury pattern of football players in seasonal variation. We purposed to expect the injury and its' prevention. Material and Methods: The professional football club(45 players) in Seoul were followed prospectively throughout 2005, January to 2005, December. Injury pattern and incidence were recorded. Results: Total 157 injuries were recorded. Major injuries which could not attend to game and training were 87 cases. Most severe month was June about 16 injuries(18.4%). And, the competitive season injuries were 46(52.9%) in March, April, August and September. Especially, ankle sprain and contusion injuries were common cause of absence in game. And, thigh muscle group injuries had a high risk of reinjury, because of treat insufficiently. Conclusions: We enhance the ability of the soccer team by prevention and education for injuries, especially in season.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.99-105
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• 1997

Using three species of Korean frogs (Rana dybowskii, R. rugosa and R. nigromaculata), the annual spermatogenic pattern, the seasonal changes in the steroidogenic competence, and responsiveness of testis to gonadotropins in terms of testosterone secretion in vitro were examined. The spermatogenic pattern of R. dybowskii was classified as a discontinuous type since spermatogenesis stops completely after spawning in late winter (February) until mid-summer (July). In contrast, the pattern of R. nigromaculata and R. rugosa was classified as a potent continuous type since sperm was always present in the seminiferous tubules all year round. In all three species, the levels of testicular testosterone and that of testosterone secreted by testis following in vitro culture were very low in late summer (August), but increased thereafter until winter (hibernation period). Interestingly, responsiveness of testis in vitro to gonadotropins in terms of testosterone secretion increased markedly in November (early hibernation period). Specifically, bullfrog LH was more effective than FSH in stimulating the secretion of testosterone by frog testis in vitro during hibernation period. This fact suggests that testosterone secretion by testis during hibernation is at least regulated by the pituitary gonadotropin rather than environmental factors. Taken together, the data presented here suggest that testicular cycles of three species of Korean frogs are closely linked to their females breeding cycles, and are eventually controlled by various environmental cues.