• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.8
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• pp.5363-5368
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• 2014

This study examined contribution rate on the Soyangho Lake watershed based on the flow regime, and seasonal change was evaluated by calculating the delivery pollution load of the drainage area of Soyangho Lake watershed. According to the contribution rate of the drainage area by the flow regime change, Inbukcheon Creek watershed's SS and T-P entry have recorded abnormal Six month flow and a contribution rate of 46% and 51% during the Low-water flow period. At the same time, the T-P recorded a 49.5% contribution rate and a contribution rate of 48.5% during the Low-water flow period. In sequence, Inbukcheon creek's SS entry recorded a comparatively higher contribution rate than the other drainage area, which are 39.6% and 44.3% during the entire season and 53.8% for T-P, as a result of observing the contribution rate based on the seasonal changes. The T-N at the Naerincheon Creek watershed for the entire season recorded a contribution rate between 39.6% and 44.3%. Overall, Inbukcheon Creek watershed's SS and T-P entry and Naerincheon creek's T-N had a high contribution rate on contaminant spill.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.591-598
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• 1998

This study was conducted to evaluate water quality in the Keum River estuary using principal component analysis. The results was summarized as follow; Water quality in the Keum River estuary could be explained up to 70.40% by three factors which were included in the inffluent loading by the Keum River and Kyungpo cheon(38.99%), seasonal variation and organic matter pollution(19.05%), sediment resuspension and internal metabolism(12.35%). For spatial variation of factor score, artificial pollutant loading is highest at st.1, below Keum River barrage, and decreases toward the outer sea. For annual variation of factor score, factor 1 was highly related to artificial pollutant leading, and it was gently increased in 1994. Also, organic matter pollution, sediment resuspension and internal metabolism were increased to every year. It is necessary to control the nutrient leading by Keum river and Kyongpo cheon for Water quality management of estuary.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 2014

This study estimated spatial and seasonal variation of water quality to understand characteristics of Nakdong river basin, Korea. All together 11 parameters (discharge, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, pH, suspended solids, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total organic carbon) at 22 different sites for the period of 2003-2011 were analyzed using multivariate statistical techniques (cluster analysis, principal component analysis and factor analysis). Hierarchical cluster analysis grouped whole river basin into three zones, i.e., relatively less polluted (LP), medium polluted (MP) and highly polluted (HP) based on similarity of water quality characteristics. The results of factor analysis/principal component analysis explained up to 83.0%, 81.7% and 82.7% of total variance in water quality data of LP, MP, and HP zones, respectively. The rotated components of PCA obtained from factor analysis indicate that the parameters responsible for water quality variations were mainly related to discharge and total pollution loads (non-point pollution source) in LP, MP and HP areas; organic and nutrient pollution in LP and HP zones; and temperature, DO and TN in LP zone. This study demonstrates the usefulness of multivariate statistical techniques for analysis and interpretation of multi-parameter, multi-location and multi-year data sets.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.203-209
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• 2014

This study investigated characteristics of rainfall and water quality in Saemangeum area with attention to temporal and spatial distributions. A high variability in rainfall was noted during July and August. The temporal analysis of water quality data indicated that DO and TN as well as BOD, COD and SS were within national standards except for increased concentrations during spring and summer, unlike TP values that indicated poor water quality. Standard deviation showed a high variability in SS among the seasons most especially during summer. The high dispersion indicated variability in the chemical composition of pollutants where the temporal and spatial variations caused by polluting sources and/or seasonal changes were most evident for BOD and COD during winter and spring. The box plots and bar charts showed steadily low concentrations of BOD, COD, TN and TP except within Iksan and notable significant variations in SS concentrations among the monitoring stations. Thus, high pollution levels requiring intervention were identified in Mangyeong river basin with particular concern for areas represented by Iksan station. It was noted that Iksan received a considerable amount of rainfall which meant high runoff which could explain the significant pollution levels revealed in the water quality spatial distribution. Major pollution contributing pollutants within Saemangeum area were identified as SS, BOD, COD and TN. Therefore the present results could be used as a guideline for the temporal and spatial distributions analysis of both rainfall and water quality in Saemangeum watershed.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.184-191
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• 2008

Long term monitoring was conducted to investigate a surface runoff of pollution from urban highway. The monitoring data was collected for 18 rainfall events and was used to correlate pollution load to various parameters, such as rainfall intensity, antecedent dry days and total discharge flow. Runoff coefficient and seasonal variation were also evaluated. The mean runoff coefficient of the highway was 0.823(range; $0.4687{\sim}0.9884$), and wash-off ratio for $COD_{Mn}$ and SS loads was 72.6% and 64.3%, respectively. For the initial rainfall event, the runoff EMC of $COD_{Mn}$ was high in summer and the EMC of SS was high in autumn season. However the seasonal variation of T-N and T-P was not significant. The discharged $COD_{Mn}$-EMC was $147.6\;mg/L{\sim}9.0\;mg/L$ on the generated $COD_{Mn}$-EMC of $98.8\;mg/L{\sim}8.9\;mg/L$. While the generated EMC of SS was in $285.7\;mg/L{\sim}20.0\;mg/L$ and its discharged EMC was in $190.4\;mg/L{\sim}8.0\;mg/L$. EMC of pollutants was not directly related to the first flush rainfall intensity and the antecedent dry days. But the correlation was relatively high between EMC and cumulative runoff flow volume. The trend of EMC was reduced with the cumulative runoff flow volume.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.215-223
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• 2019

In this study, we analyzed the water quality characteristics of major tributaries of Nakdong River through statistical analysis such as correlation analysis, principal component and factor analysis, and cluster analysis. Organic matter and nutrients are highly correlated, and are high in spring and autumn, and seasonal water quality management is required. Principal component and factor analysis showed that 82% of total variance could be explained by 4 principal components such as organic matter, nutrients, nature, and weather. BOD, COD, TOC, and TP items were analyzed as major influencing factors. As a result of the cluster analysis, the four clusters were classified according to seasonal organic matter and nutrient pollution. Kumho River watershed showed high pollution characteristics in all seasons. Therefore, effective management of water quality in tributary streams requires measures in consideration of spatio-temporal characteristics and multivariate statistical techniques may be useful in water quality management and policy formulation.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2003

The pollution loads flowing into Mokpo harbour from land in dry case were estimated on the bases of the seasonal flow rates and the seasonal water qualities of streams and effluents located around Mokpo harbour. Average daily amount of fresh water Stowing into Mokpo harbour obtained by the inflow rate data of 4 seasons was found to be about 5.5×10/sup 6/㎥/day and annual inflow rate to be about 2×10/sup 9/㎥/year. The seasonal flow rates of effluents iron Yongsan lake were above 90％ of total flow rates of all inflows in 4 seasons. The concentrations of COD, TSS, TIN and TP at 9 inflow stations Iron streams and effluents in 4 seasons were shown to be in the ranges of 2.87~42.69㎎/ℓ, 3.65~1080.32㎎/ℓ, 0.083~89.744㎎/ℓ and 0.028~6.926㎎/ℓ, respectively. The average loads of COD, TSS, TIN and TP into Mokpo harbour estimated by the data of 4 seasons were found to be about 37 ton/day, 64 ton/day, 13 ton/day and 1.2 ton/day, respectively. The loads of COD, TSS, TIN and TP into Mokpo harbour in summer were shown to be about 82 ton/day, 159 ton/day, 14 ton/day and 2 ton/day, respectively. The main source of pollution loads into Mokpo harbour was found to be the effluent of Yongsan lake.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2011

The first objective of this study was to investigate water pollution status of Meejae Reservoir, Kunsan, irregularly receiving river water for agricultural and recreational purposes. The second objective of the study was to compare nutrient pollution loads of three nutrient sources: sediment leaching, non-point sources and the receiving water. Water analysis results showed that eutrophication was a concern especially in summer and the calculated TSI (secchi depth), TSI (chlorophyll-a), and TSI (TP) were 53.6, 57.7 and 56.7, respectively. Although there was no significant difference in seasonal mean values of sediment T-N, sediment T-P and sediment organic content, mean differences were found for sampling points. However, T-N and T-P sediment release flux showed seasonal mean differences, while showing no mean difference for sampling points. Water T-N data proportionally correlated with sediment T-N and sediment organic content data, while no statistical correlation was found for water T-P data. Comparison of nutrient loads calculated from three sources showed that the highest T-N load was occurred from the receiving (pumped) water while T-P loads of the receiving water and sediment release flux were similar. The first solution would be considered for the receiving water to improve the water quality of Meejae Reservoir. Reduction of nutrient flux from the sediment would be then tried as the second alternative solution.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.3-15
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• 2001

The in situ observations and the seawater analyses were conducted for 3 years from August 1996 to August 1999 in order to elucidate and evaluate seasonal variations of marine water quality and trophic state in Mokpo harbour of Korea. Compared the seasonal seawater qualities of Mokpo harbour with the OECD standards of trophic classification in parameters such as Secchi depth, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, phosphate phosphorus and chlorophyll-a, the trophic level of seawater in Mokpo harbour was evaluated to be in mesotrophic or eutrophic state through all 4 seasons and to be in eutrophic state, particularly In summer. The estimation of pollution index by eutrophication showed the seawater quality of Mokpo harbour to deteriorate and fall under the regular grades through all 4 seasons, although the seawater quality of Mokpo harbour was evaluated to be equivalent to the second or third class of the Korean seawater quality standards in view of COD values. The results of eutrophication index estimation showed the high potentiality of red tide occurrence In Mokpo harbour, particularly in summer or fall. In the light of the average atomic ratio of N/P in seawater, the limiting nutrient factor against the growth of phytoplankton was concluded to be phosphorus rather than nitrogen in Mokpo Harbour.

• Water for future
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.111-122
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• 1983

The water demand has been rapidly increased by the growth of population, industrialization, unbanization, water pollution and so on. This study carried out the seasonal pre-reserved planning for the five zones, comparing the water demand with the available water resources up to the goal year, 2001. The results of this study are as follows; 1) It is principle that the monthly water demand is supplied by the surface and ground water as the increasing tendency of it, and the deficit of water is supplemented by the water supplying capacity of dam. And water demand should be completely reserved before supplying the deficit of water. 2) The monthly and seasonal maximum deficit of water demand take place in June and summer. 3) The periods when the deficit of water demand exceeds the water supplying capacity of dam are 1984-1990, 1994-2001 in zone III. 4) To reserve the deficit of water demand in zone III, we would like to pre-construct Masan-Keumbo estuary barrage from 2001 to 1991 in Seomjin river basin, the deficit of water demand is supplied by the diversion of water from Yeongsan river basin with the developments of the ground water and small reservoirs until 1986.