• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.181-191
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• 2013

To investigate the occurrence of modern living planktonic foraminiferal species and their seasonal variations around Jeju Island, we conducted planktonic foraminiferal sampling at KIOST's regular sampling sites during 16 months. In total seven genus and 16 modern planktonic foraminiferal species were identified with six dominant species. Dominant species were Gloigerinoides sacculifer, Globigerinoides ruber, Globigerina bulloides, Noegloboquadrina dutertrei, Pulleniatina obliquiloculata, and Globorotalia inflata. Most of the species were characterized as being typical subtropical species and showed seasonal variations and/or intermittent occurrence from season to season. The occurrence of living foraminifera revealed a strong relationship with water temperature, but not with salinity. Species succession seems to occur along with water temperature changes. Some patch distribution and water temperature dependences appear to be significant since there is a high degree of variation in the occurrence patterns of species and standing stock. More detailed quantitative study is necessary to confirm the species diversity and seasonal variations of planktonic foraminifera and related ocean environmental changes.

• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• v.1
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• pp.475-478
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• 2006

Total primary production resulting from the photosynthetic process can be defined as the amount of organic matter produced in a given period of time. It is proportional to the chlorophyll-a (chl-a) values in the surface layer of the ocean. The MODIS board on Aqua satellite measures visible and infrared radiation in 36 wavebands, providing simultaneous images of chl-a concentration and sea surface temperature (SST) in the upper layer of the sea. The seasonal distribution of chl-a concentration during one year from April 2005 to March 2006 was examined. Light has a role of starting the seasonal cycle. The Kuroshio Current in this area induces many oceanographical features affecting to the change of seasonal control. The chl-a concentration is also seasonal, which is low in summer and high in winter. In summer, the meandering of Kuroshio Current induces strong eddies and increases the chl-a concentration. In autumn, the delayed small autumn bloom occurred until last December due to the Kuroshio Current. When the Kuroshio axis moves far from the coast, the coastal water dominates and increases the concentration even in the winter. The spring bloom starts early at the beginning of March and decreases during the spring.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.134-143
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• 2002

Using OGCM results, we have shown that the ring-like cold baroclinic eddies associated with cyclonic circulation are shed from late summer to early fall near the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge from the Kuroshio Extension owing to baroclinic instability. On the other hand, warm baroclinic eddies are generated by the intensified western boundary current associated with the warm anomaly accumulated near the Ridge in winter, which corresponds to the basin-wide barotropic intensification of the wind-driven gyre in winter. We are successful in reproducing the behavior of those meso-scale eddies using a simple two-layer primitive equation model driven by seasonal winds associated with the positive curl. Those eddies carry barotropic seasonal signals originated in the Pacific Basin quite slowly west of the ridge; this process introduces a phase lag in the timing of the seasonal maximum transport in the Philippine Basin west of the ridge. It Is demonstrated that the existence of bottom topography, baroclinicity, and nonlinearity due to advection are three necessary elements for the generation of these eddies south of Japan.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.51-57
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• 2004

Species composition and seasonal change were examined monthly with shrimp assemblage caught in the coastal waters of Solido, Korea. Samplings were conducted in Solido using a beam trawl from June 2000 to May 2001. In the study period, a total of 16 species of shrimp belonging to six families were collected. Species was dominated by Palaemon gravieri, Crangon hakodatei, Trachysalambria curvirostris and Metapenaeus joyneri. Higher abundance of shrimp occurred in September and November, and lower abundance in June. Species diversity was reached its maximum (0.82) in November and its minimum (0.06) in January. Shrimp species in the study area can be grouped into three groups on the basis of their occurrence patterns: resident, seasonal and temporary species.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.373-388
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• 2022

This study analyzed the temporal and spatial characteristics of water quality for five hydropower dam reservoirs in South Korea. Water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) showed high fluctuations in summer and autumn at all reservoirs, indicating the existence of seasonal effects. At all five reservoirs, the concentrations of suspended solids (SS) and total nitrogen (TN) fell under the "slightly bad" category and those of total organic carbon (TOC) fell under the "slightly good" category or higher, according to "the standard for living environment of lake water quality." Variations in the concentration ranges and degrees of change in SS, TN, and TOC among reservoirs were observed, indicating the influences of rainfall, surrounding environments, and seasonal changes. Daecheong and Namgang Dam showed high Chl-a concentrations in summer, indicating that the metabolism of microbial communities, such as algae, was active.

• Bulletin of the Korean Space Science Society
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.72-72
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• 2004

We have compared here the seasonal average of the plasma density with the EPB occurrence in a given longitude sector, using KOMPSAT-1 and DMSP data. It could be evidenced on a global scale that the EPB occurrence was nearly anti-correlated with the poleward drift speed parallel to B-field, and with the degree of asymmetry of the latitudinal plasma distribution. But, the seasonal-longitudinal change of the asymmetry was different from what the current theory expected. (omitted)

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.18 no.2 s.23
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• pp.19-22
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• 2004

Seasonal changes of topograpy, sediment grain size and accumulation rate on the Gomso-Bay tidal flat(Fig. 1), west coast of Korea, have studied in order to understand the seasonal accumulation pattern and preservation potential of tidal-flat sediments. Seasonal levelings across the tidal flat show that the landward movement of both intertidal sand shoals and cheiers accelerates during the winter and typhoon period, but it almost stops in summer when mud deposition is instead predominant on the middle to upper tidal flat. Seasonal variations of mean grain size were largest on the upper part of middle tidal flat where summer mud layers were eroded during the winter and typhoon periods(Fig. 2). Measurements of accululation depths from sea floor to basal plate reveal that accumulation rates were seasonally controlled according to the elevation of tidal-flat surface(Table 1) : the upper flat, where the accumulation rate of summer was generally higher than that of winter, was characterized by a continuous deposition throughout the entire year, whereas on the middle flat, sediment accumulations were concentrated in winter realtive to summer, and were intermittently eroded by typhoons. The lower tidal flat were deposited mostly in winter and eroded during summer typhoons. Cancores taken across the tidal flat reveal that sand-mud interlaers resulting from such seasonal changes of energy regime are preserved only in the upper part of the deposits and generally replaced by storm layers downcore(Fig. 3). Based on above results, it is suggested that the storm deposits formed by winter stors and typhoons would consist of the major part of the Gomso-Bay deposits(Fig. 4).

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-14
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• 2007

This study was aimed at giving help to the people intending to change their own hair color design and also providing the guide line to the cosmetic circles for developing new hair color design and promoting sales by statistically analyzing seasonal changes of hair colors puplished on women's magazines(Vogue Korea, Estetica Korea, Woman Chosun, Ce.ci) from 2003 to 2006. The researching methods were as follows; (1) hair colors published on women's magazines from september 2003 to August 2006 were measured by N.C.S. color reader(4 magazines $\times$10 main hair colors/magazine $\times$ 12 months $\times$ 3 years = 1,440 colors). (2) N.C.S. tone is made of percentage, so measured values and chromas were statistically analyzed by mean, standard deviation, and seasonal deferences were statistically analyzed by t-test and specified on high significant values. But hues were not made of percentage, so these were statistically analyzed by cross tabulation analysis, $x^2$ -test and specified on high significant values. These all had been analyzed by SPSS program(ver. 11.0). The results were as follows; (1) Usually seasonal changes of hair values were significant, specially in foreign licensed magazines, and bright values appeared in S/S and dark values in F/W. (2) Seasonal changes of hair hues were significant only on foreign women's magazines. Therefore seasonal changes of korean hair colors were not significant compared by foreign hair colors because of hardness of color changes of dark black hair and hair damages by hair tints and bleaches and trends of well being and hair care. But hair color changes have been developed gradually and will developed furthermore. So korean hair cosmetic circles have to present hair color trends deferenciated by seasons. And S/S hair values have to be brignt and F/W have to be dark. And new seasonal hair hues matched by korean have to be developed and presented.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.133-141
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• 2019

Objectives: The condition of the skin is greatly influenced by seasonal changes. We wanted to know the seasonal change of skin condition and to find out the difference in the efficacy of Seoshiokyongsan (SSOOS) CP soap in spring and autumn. We are to help people who use soap to make a wise choice in choosing a cleanser according to the season. Methods: To investigate the seasonal skin condition, this experiment was conducted to examine the skin condition of spring and autumn in 20 students at A university. To compare the seasonal efficacy of Seosiokyongsan (SSOOS) CP soap, we had skin test 10 students in spring and autumn. We made herbal fermented soaps using SSOOS and distributed them to experiment participants. We let them wash their face in the morning and evening for 6 weeks using herbal fermented soap. Prior to the experiment, their skin condition was checked and assessed using A-ONE Smart One-Click Automatic Facial Diagnosis System three times at 3-week intervals. After the experiment, the changes of skin were measured and analyzed through facial analysis test. Results: In spring and autumn, the oil of T zone and U zone was significantly less and the water content was significantly higher in autumn than in spring. In the case of using the SSOOS CP soap, water content increased and oil content decreased in spring, oil content and elasticity increased in autumn. Conclusion: There is a difference in the skin condition according to the season and SSOOS CP soap showed difference in efficacy in spring and autumn. So we should pay attention to seasonal soap selection.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.281-286
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• 1999

This study was conduced to examine the monthly and seasonal variation of $SO_2$, TSP, $O_3$ concentration in Dongsamdong, Pusan coastal area. And the characteristics of air pollution of this area was compared to Kwangbokdong in Pusan and Taehadong in Ullungdo. Monthly mean concentration of $SO_2$ and TSP showed lower than Kwangbokdong, $O_3$ was higher than Kwangbokdong. In case of $SO_2$, seasonal variation of Dongsamdong was remarkabler thn Kwangbokdong and the concentration difference of early morning and daytime was higher than Kwangbokdong. Taehadong showed very lower concentration as background area. In case of TSP, Dongsamdong was lower concentration and smaller diurnal change than Kwangbokdong, Taehadong showed very lower concentration as backgound area. In case of $O_3$, Dongsamdong was 10ppb higher than Kwangbokdong at daytime maximum concentration, diurnal change of concentration was higher, too. In case of frequency distribution of concentration, $SO_2$, and TSP at Dongsamdong showed higher frequency in low concentration class and $O_3$ showed in high concentration class as compared with Kwangbokdong.