• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.99-104
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• 2003

Vessel collision accidents have been investigated by means of questioning the persons involved and plotting manually the stated situation. But the repetitive plotting by hand can cause the investigator to make some errors, and it can be connected to a wrong judgement. In this paper, we proposed a simulator for reconstructing and analyzing vessel collision accidents at sea, where the given situation is plotted automatically on it. We verified validity of the system by applying it to some collision accidents.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.149-160
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• 2002

I have been analyzed the marine accidents during 10years(1992~2001) based on the maritime inquire court decision, the results were as follows: 1. The rate of accident occuring were showed fishing boat(69.9%), freighter(12.3%), tanker(4.3%), tug boat(3.8%), passenger boat(2.1%) by the usage. 2. The marine accident had been showed operational fault(67.3%), mishandling of engine equipment(21.7%), meteorological condition, etc(11%) by the reason, most accidents had been occured by the operator fault and rack of experience. 3. The marine accidents had been showed damage of hull and engine(27.5%), collision(24%), foundering(11.3%), fire(3.9%), agrounding(10%), by the kind of accidents. 4. The accidents had been occured (74.6%) at the coastal sea, harbour and (25.4%) at the open sea by the sectors. The accidents of the vessel less than 500ton were much increased (54.3%) also, The accidents were much occured at the time between 0400~0800 hours by the time.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.97-127
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• 2009

In Germany, North Sea and East Sea possess significant meaning in many aspects. North coast has an important economical significance to North Sea Gulf States. There are a number of harbors and manufacturing facilities in this area. Agriculture is also developed. East sea, where sea water and river water mingle. has a problem that it can not control harmful substances as fast as the North Sea due to its geographical location of being connected with the North Sea as a narrow water. To protect from big and small ship accidents and pollution sources, East Sea and North Sea have enacted HELKOM Convention and OSPAR Convention, respectively. Moreover, Denmark and Germany have made cooperation on tugboats in the occurrence of shipment accidents through the LethGer-Plan and DenGer-Plan. In 1998, after the Pallas accident that occurred near Bremen, the need to improve cooperation among each states on usable resources for ocean security has been increased in Germany. Consequently, the federal government and gulf state governments associated and organized the so called, "Havarie-Kommanando Ship Accident Measure Unit". Haravarie-Kommanando is a federal-state associated organization that deals with affairs that controls national operation and mobilization of ship accident related organizations unitively when serious ship accidents occur. Moreover, federal and state participant organizations, each shipping agencies and Wiking-Helicopers-Services, a helicopter agency, are cooperating well. Also, mutual assistance with the most prominent passenger agency called Scandlines, ARGE Kuestenschutz(Germany-Denmark shipping agency) is making progress as well.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.13
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• pp.411-437
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• 2000

It is unsafe to attempt a complete definition of the expression 'perils of the seas', because in practice the question 'what is a peril of the seas' is inextricably woven up with the further question, 'was the loss proximately caused by the sea peril ?' Such casualties as stranding, collision and heavy weather appear with monotonous regularity in the daily reports, and are the obvious examples. However, what can be included in the term 'perils of the seas' seems to be inexhaustible, although most circumstances appear to have been covered by the Courts. Two cases heard in 1887 were instrumental in defining perils of the seas. In The Xantho Lord Herschell made the following remarks: "The term ... does not cover every accidents or casualty which may happen to the subject matter of insurance on the sea. It must be a peril 'of' the sea. Not every loss or damage of which the sea is the immediate cause is covered by these words. They do not protect, for example, against that natural and inevitable action of the winds and waves which results in what may be described as wear and tear. There must be some casualty, something which could not be foreseen as one of the necessary incidents of the adventure. The purpose of the policy is to secure an indemnity against accidents which may happen, not against events which must happen. ... If a vessel strikes upon a sunken rock in fair weather and sinks, this is a loss by perils of the sea."

• Strategy21
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• s.37
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• pp.193-241
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• 2015

China, Japan and Korea are the world's top 10 energy consumers, and so very interested in the development of seabed hydrocarbon resources in order to meet their energy demands. The East China Sea is the tri-junction area where three countries' entitlements on the maritime boundaries are overlapped. There are abundant oil reserves in the East China Sea, and therefore competitions among countries are growing to get control of them. Although these countries have concluded the bilateral agreements to jointly develop resources in the East China Sea, they do not function as well. Because joint development and management of seabed petroleum resources can lead to stable development system, and to lower possibility of legal and political disputes, the needs for joint development agreement among three countries are urgent. Meanwhile, Northeast Asian seas are semi-closed seas, which are geographically closed and vulnerable to marine pollution. Moreover there are a lot of nuclear power plants in coastal area, and seabed petroleum resources are being developed. So it is likely to occur nuclear and oil spill accidents. Fukushima nuclear disaster and Bohai Bay oil spill accident in 2011 are the cases to exhibit the potential of major marine pollution accidents in this area. It is anticipated that the risks become higher because power plants and offshore oil platforms are extending gradually. Therefore, the ways to seek the joint marine environmental protection agreement focused on regulation of nuclear power plant and offshore oil platform have to be considered. In this paper, we try to find the way to make joint development and joint environmental protection agreement in Northeast Asian seas. We concentrate on the measure to drive joint development of seabed petroleum deposits in East China Sea's overlap area, despite of maritime delimitation and territorial disputes, and we try to drive joint marine environmental protection system to respond to marine pollution and accidents due to offshore oil platform and nuclear power plants. Through these consideration, we seek solutions to deal with lack of energy, disputes of maritime territorial and boundary delimitation, and marine pollution in Northeast Asia.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 2017

A heavy foggy event accompanying with complex coastal fog was investigated in this study. This heavy foggy event occurred on FEB 11, 2015. Due to reduced visibility with this foggy event induced more than 100times serial traffic accidents over the Young-jong highway, and Flights from 04:30 AM to 10:00 AM were cancelled on Inchon International Airport. This heavy foggy event was occurred in synoptic and mesoscale environments but dense coastal fog were combined with a combination of sea fog, steam fog, and radiation fog. This kind of coastal fog can predicted by accurate analysis of the direction of the air flow, sea surface temperature(SST), and 925hPa isotherms from numerical weather prediction charts and real time analysis charts.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.129-134
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• 2000

In this paper, we proposed a simulator for reconstructing and analyzing vessel collision accidents happened at sea and we verified validity of the system by applying it to some collision accidents. This system will offer us to advantage of time and human power by contributing to automation of judge's decision.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.275-280
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• 2002

Vessel collision accidents have been investigated by means of questioning the persons involved and plotting manually the stated situation. But the repetitive plotting by hand can cause the investigator or to make some errors, and it can be connected to a wrong judgement. In this paper, we proposed a simulator for reconstructing and analyzing vessel collision accidents at sea, where the given situation is plotted automatically on it. We verified the validity of the system by applying it to some collision accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.53-57
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• 2011

Recently, the risk of safety accidents in the coastal zone has been increased due to revitalization of marine leisure and tourism. The effective measures, however, to prevent safety accidents in the coastal zone have not taken with increasing rate of the accidents. The nature of land and sea should be taken into account properly when the countermeasures to prevent the safety accidents in the coastal zone are devised, since the characteristics of land and sea are mixed in the environmental condition of the coastal zone. Through the field survey, this study analyzes the current problems on the safety in the coastal zone. Also, it suggests the future direction of the safety standards in the coastal zone on the basis of the safety improvement direction in the coastal zone.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.233-239
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• 2015

Recently, Due to variable marine accident occurred, problems relating to marine accidents have been raised. Of these accidents, designated anchorage of Korea coastal port, spcially open-sea anchorage, occurred dragging anchor and accidents are likely, due to failure to obtain a valid ship's holding power so that it is the situation unsatisfactory that ensuring the safety of the anchored ship and anchorage systematic safety management stadars for the efficent operation of the anchorage. also in case of open-sea anchorage vulnerable to external force of certain conditions due to geographical location and topographical characteristics of the port, accidents are likely dragging anchor by typoon or suddenly strong wind and secondary accidents are concerned. This paper shows standard of limit external force to ensure the safety anchorage each of ship's size through review marine accidents on Pohang port, also it is determined to be used as a basic reference for anchoring safety and efficient anchorage management.