• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.133-138
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• 2007

This study addresses the susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9 and Sf21), Trichoplusia ni (Hi5), and S. exigua (Se301) cells to the Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV). Although these cells have classically been considered nonpermissive to BmNPV, the cytopathic effect, an increase in viral yield, and viral DNA synthesis by BmNPV were observed in Sf9, Sf21, and Hi5 cells, but not in Se301 cells. Very late gene expression by BmNPV in these cell lines was also detected via ${\beta}-galactosidase$ expression under the control of the polyhedrin promoter. Sf9 cells were most susceptible to BmNPV in all respects, followed by Sf21 and Hi5 cells in decreasing order, while the Se301 cells evidenced no distinct viral replication. This particular difference in viral susceptibility in each of the cell lines can be utilized for our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the host specificity of NPVs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2005.05a
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• pp.195-195
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• 2005

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.416-420
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• 2006

Compare to testing sera individually, pooled-serum testing has considered as a cost-effective method, particularly on a large population-based seroprevalence studies. This study was to determine the relationship between individual sera and pooled sera titers for detection of avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and to evaluate suitability of pooled sera by comparing prevalences estimated from both samples. A total of 5,000 individual samples were collected from 500 flocks in Chungcheong, Gyunsgi, and Kangwon provinces between January 2005 and February 2006. Ten samples were randomly selected from each flock. Five-hundred pooled sera were prepared by mixing equal amount of each 10 individual serum from the original samples. IBV antibody titers were measured by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The least squares regression analysis was performed to construct equation between pooled and mean individual titers. To determine whether the flock is infected 4 arbitrary criteria were used: detection of at least 1 chicken with HI titer ${\ge}$ 9 (criterion 1), detection of at least 2 samples with HI titer ${\ge}$9 (criterion 2), detection of at least 1 sample with HI titer ${\ge}$ 10 (criterion 3), and filially detection of at least 1 sample with HI titer ${\ge}$ 11 (criterion 4). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to examine the cut-off points of pooled titers showing optimal diagnostic accuracy. The area under the curve (AUC), sensitivities (Se), specificities (Sp), and positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) predictive values were calculated. The regression equation between pooled titers (pool) and mean individual titers (mean) was: $pool= 1.2498+0.8952{\times}mean$, with coefficient of determination of 87% (p< 0.0001). The optimal cut-off points of pooled titers were titer 8 for criterion 1 (AUC=0.975, Se=0.883, Sp=0.959, PPV=0.985, NPV=0.728), titer 8 for criterion 2 (AUC=0.969, Se=0.954, Sp=0.855, PPV=0.926, NPV=0.907), titer 9 for criterion 3 (AUC=0.970, Se=0.836, Sp=0.967, PPV=0.978, NPV=0.772), and titer 9 for criterion 4 (AUC= 0.946, Se=0.928, Sp=0.843, PPV=0.857, NPV=0.921). The difference of 'prevalence estimated by individual and pooled sample showed a minimum of 2% for criteria 2 and a maximum of 9.1:% for criteria 3. These results indicate that the use of pooled sera in HI test for screening IBV infection in laying hen flocks is considered as a cost-effective method of testing large numbers of samples with high diagnostic accuracy.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Entomolohy Conference
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• 2001.11a
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• pp.157-157
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• 2001

• KEPCO Journal on Electric Power and Energy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.181-188
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• 2019

In this study, the Heat & Mass balance design optimization tool has developed by linking the design input/output variables with the Heat & Mass balance calculation solver and optimization algorithm and also automating the iterative calculation process. As a result of testing this optimization tool for 10 kinds of power plant, it was expected to improve the NPV and IRR compared with general design methods.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.300-303
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• 2013

On BIPV systems, especially roof-top PV systems, the power generation is easier to be reduced due to the shades of facilities nearby, or roof itself. To secure profitability of roof-top PV systems, the optimal design of solar arrays through the precise shading analysis is an important item of design considerations. In this paper, an optimization system for array design of roof-top PVs is to be developed using three-dimensional Geospatial Information System(GIS). The profitability of income and expense is considered through the shading analysis of entire roofs. By applying the system to project for validation, the adequacy and the improvement of NPV of the system were verified compared to expert's design. The system has significance by reason that PV modules are placed through rules established with expert knowledge and geometric rules were applied to reflect the constructability and maintainability.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.179-186
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• 2012

A climate change by increase of greenhouse gas is coming to the front by a large issue, and oxy-combustion demonstration project is coming to the attention to one plans for the reduction of carbon dioxide in power generation sector that used a fossil energy in points of time. This paper estimates benefit of electric generation, benefit of greenhouse gas reduction, benefit of environmental pollutant decreasing and domestic and foreign market value-added benefit caused by oxy-combustion demonstration project. Furthermore, this paper attempts to cost-benefit analysis, using NPV, B/C ratio, IRR techniques for oxy-combustion demonstration project. The results indicate that NPV is 681,620million KRW, B/C ratio 1.69 and IRR 21.4%. Accordingly, oxy-combustion demonstration project ensures economic feasibility that the three indicators have exceeded 0, 1.0 and 5.5%. Moreover, uses of the result is useful for the reduction of carbon dioxide in thermal power generation sector of policy decision.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.77-82
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• 2006

The tea looper caterpillar, Ectropis obliqua, is one of the major pests of tea bushes. E. obliqua single-nucleocapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (EcobSNPV) has been used as a commercial pesticide for biocontrol of this insect. However only limited genetic analysis for this important virus has been done up to now. EcobSNPV was characterized in this study. Electron microscopy analysis of the occlusion body showed polyhedra of 0.7 to $1.7\;{\mu}m$ in diameter containing a single nucleocapsid per envelope of the virion. A 15.5 kb genomic fragment containing EcoRI-L, EcoRI-N and HindIII-F fragments, was sequenced. Analysis of the sequence revealed that the fragment contained eleven potential open reading frames (ORFs): lef-1, egt, 38.7k, rrl, polyhedrin, orfl629, pk-1, hoar and homologues to Spodoptera exigua multicapsid NPV (SeMNPV) ORFs 15, 28, and 29. Gene arrangement and phylogeny analysis suggest that EcobSNPV is closely related to the previously described Group II NPV. Bioassays on lethal concentration $(LC_{50}\;and\;LC_{90})$ and lethal time $(LT_{50}\;and\;LT({90})$ were conducted to test the susceptibility of E. obliqua larvae to the virus.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.347-354
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• 2014

Economic evaluation of the manufacturing technology of high-value chemicals through the carbonation reaction of carbon dioxide contained in the flue gas was performed, and analysis of the IRR (Internal Rate of Return) and whole profit along the production plan of the final product was conducted. Through a carbonation reaction with sodium hydroxide that is generated from electrolysis and by using carbon dioxide in the combustion gas that is generated in the power plant, it is possible to get a high value products such as sodium bicarbonate compound and also to reduce the carbon dioxide emission simultaneously. The IRR (Internal Rate of Return) and NPV (Net Present Value) methods were used for the economic evaluation of the process which could handle carbon dioxide of 100 tons per day in the period of the 20 years of plant operation. The results of economic evaluation showed that the IRR of baseline case of technology was 67.2% and the profit that obtained during the whole operation period (20 years) was 346,922 million won based on NPV value. When considering ETS due to the emissions trading enforcement that will be activated in 2015, the NPV was improved to a 6,000 million won. Based on this results, it could be concluded that this $CO_2$ carbonation technology is an cost-effective technology option for the reduction of greenhouse gas.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.176-182
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• 2014

The project of promoting the economy has attracted attention as on strategy for the economic revitalization of abandoned mine areas which is promoting by local government based on the "Special law on the development of abandoned mine areas". Through the analysis of economic feasibility analysis, the government is trying to determine the presence or absence of budget support to project of promoting the economy of local government. Furthermore, this paper attempts to conduct a cost-benefit analysis, using net present value(NPV), benefit/cost(B/C) ratio, internal rate of return(IRR) techniques for project of promoting the economy of Samcheok City. The project of promoting the economic of Samcheok City is promoting the Yukbaeksan flowers rest park and Glass Art Culture and Tourism theme park. The results indicate that NPV, B/C ratio and IRR of Yukbaeksan flowers rest park are 3,937 million won, 1.06, 6.18% and NPV, B/C ratio and IRR of Glass Art Culture and Tourism theme park are 8,311 million won, 1.34 and 9.47. Accordingly, the projects of promoting the economic of Samcheok City ensure economic feasibility that the three indicators have exceeded 0, 1.0 and 5.5% respectively. Moreover, the analysis results can be used effectively in the decision for the project of promoting ecomony of Samcheok city.