• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.827-832
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• 1994

The crystal structure of bis(N-methylphenazinium) bis(oxalato)palladate(II) has been determined by X-ray crystallography. Crystal data: ((C_{13}H_{11}N_2)_2[Pd(C_2O_4)_2]) $M_w$ = 672.93, Triclinic, Space Group P1 (No = 2), a = 7.616(8), b = 9.842(3), c = $20.335(7)\AA$, $\alpha$ = 103.53(3), $\beta$ = 90.00(5), $\gamma$ = $112.38(5)^{\circ}$, Z = 2, $V = 1363(2){\AA}^3\;D_c = 1.639\;gcm^{-3},\;{\mu} = 7.3\;cm^{-1},\;F(000) = 680.0$. The intensity data were collected with $Mo-K\alpha$ radiation (${\lambda}$= 0.7107\;\AA)$ on an automatic four-circle diffractometer with a graphite monochromater. The structure was solved by Patterson method and refined by full matrix least-square methods using Killean & Lawrence weights. The final R and S values were $R = 0.069,\;R_w = 0.050,\;R_{all} = 0.069$ and S = 5.45 for 3120 observed reflections. Both cation and anion complexes are essentially planar and have dihedral angles of 6.3(6) and $57.06(6)^{\circ}$ between their planes. The planar complex anions are sandwiched between slightly bent cations. The interplanar separations of two triads are 3.328 and 3.463 $\AA$, respectively. The triads are stacked along b-axis, but their orientations are different based on dihedral angle $59.08(9)^{\circ}$ of two complex anions.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.185-188
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• 2016

PANM-DB (version 1.0) was constructed as a web-based interface for the analysis and annotation of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) data of Mollusca, Arthropoda, and Nematoda. The database collected the sequences of Protostomes (Mollusca, Arthropoda, and Nematoda) from the NCBI Taxonomy Browser, and the same were compiled in a multi-FASTA format and stored using the formatdb program. This improved the processing of the RNA-seq sequences in terms of speed and hit percentage. PANM-DB has been successfully used for the transcriptome annotation of butterfly, land snail, and other commercial mollusca. We have improved the database by updating the same with new sequences and version 2.0 contains a total of 7,571,246 protein sequences (two times more as compared to version 1.0). Furthermore, the updated version contains the Cephalopoda database. The constructed web interface is available that independently analyses following these updates that is an improvement of the mollusks BLAST server. The updated version of PANM-DB will be helpful for the analysis of the NGS based sequencing data of non-model species, especially Mollusca, Arthropoda, Nematoda.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.85-96
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• 2007

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are promising candidates for cell-based therapies. One major obstacle for their clinical use is the unsafety of fetal bovine serum (FBS), which is a crucial part of all media currently used for the culture of MSC. We investigated the effect of human cord serum (HCS) on the growth response, mRNA and protein expressions of human amnion-derived stem cells (HAM). HAM were isolated from the amnion after a Caesarean section and cultured in DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS, 5% HCS or 10% HCS. During culture, their biological characteristics at earlier and later passages were analyzed using RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Regardless of serum sources, HAM showed the prominent expression of Oct-4, Rex-1, SCF, FGF-5, BMP-4, nestin, GATA-4, NCAM and HLA ABC genes. The expression profile was observed even at later passages. Similarly, HAM cultured in either FBS or HCS exhibited the distinct protein expression of collagen I, II, III and XII, fibronectin, $\alpha$-smooth muscle actin, vimentin, CK18, CD54, FSP, TRA-1-60, SSEA-3, -4 and HLA ABC. However, desmin expression was only observed in HAM cultured in medium supplemented with FBS and vWF expression was only found in HAM cultured in medium supplemented with HCS. Overall pattern of gene and protein expression of HAM was typical of known adult stem cells such as bone marrow-derived MSC. In conclusion, HCS could be as effective as FBS for the culture of HAM.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.399-402
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• 2011

In recent years, the mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) derived from various tissues have been widely tested for developing cell therapies, tissue repair and transplantation. Although there has been much interest in the immunomodulatory properties of MSC and their immunologic reactions following autologous, allogeneic and xenogenic transplantation of MSC in vivo, up to date, the expression of immunogenic markers, such as class I and II human leukocyte antigens (HLA), after differentiation of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)-derived MSC has been poorly investigated and require extensive in vitro and in vivo testing. In this experiment, the expression of the HLA-ABC and HLA-DR on hUCB-derived MSC have been tested by immunocytochemical staining. The undifferentiated MSC were moderately stained for HLA-ABC but very weakly for HLA-DR. In order to investigate the inhibitory effect of allogeneic lymphocytes on proliferation of MSC, the MSC were cultured in the presence or absence of peripheral allogeneic lymphocytes stimulated with concanavalin A. The allogeneic lymphocytes did not significantly inhibit MSC proliferation. We conclude that hUCB-MSC expressed moderately class I HLA antigen while almost negatively class II HLA antigen. The MSC have an immunomodulatory effect which can suppress the allogeneic response of lymphocytes. These in vitro data suggest that allogeneic MSC derived from cord blood can be useful candidate for allogeneic cell therapy and transplantation without a major risk of rejection.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.574-580
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• 2019

ATP drives the conformational change of the group II chaperonin from the open lid substrate-binding conformation to the closed lid conformation to encapsulate an unfolded protein in the central cavity. It is thought that the folding activity of group II chaperonin is strongly correlated with the ATP-dependent conformational change ability. In order to confirm the dependence of the reaction temperature and ATP concentration of PhCpn, the ATPase activities were measured under different reaction temperatures and ATP concentrations. The maximal ATPase activity of PhCpn was observed at 80℃ and 3 mM ATP concentration. As a result of ATPase activity according to the type of salt ions, the highest activity was observed at 300 mM LiCl among the univalent cations and 5 mM MgCl₂ among the divalent cations, respectively. The values of Km and Vmax for ATP substrate were estimated as 2.17 mM and 833.3 μM/min, respectively. This results provide the enzymatic information of PhCpn when the prolonged and high activities of pharmaceutical and industrial proteins (or enzymes), by using chaperonin molecules, are required.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.302-311
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• 1992

Talus is a important structure of the ankle joint and its function is critical for ambulation and weight bearing. The talus fracture is rare, but the complications of fracture and dislocation are serious and resulting in avascular necrosis, osteoarthritis. So its treatment is carefully considered at initial status. Authors reviewed 11 cases of fracture and dislocation of the talus treated at Yeungnam university hospital from 1984 to 1991. The longest follow up was 8 years and shortest, 1 year. The results were as follows. 1. There were all males, the average age was 30 years old. 2. The most common cause was fall down(8 cases), and next traffic accident(2cases), sports injury(1 case). 3. According to Marti-Weber classification, 1 cases was type I, 1 in type II, 4 in type III and 5 in type IV. 4. The method of treatment were open reduction and internal fixation in 6 cases, the others were closed reduction in 5 cases. 5. Final results(by Hawkins grading system) were as follows, 3 cases were excellent, 4 cases were good, 1 case was fair and 3 cases were poor. 6. Complications were AVN in 2 cases, degenerative arthritis in 8 cases, malunion in 1 case. 7. The range of motion of the ankle joint was relatively preserved(74%), but in the subtalar joint it was decreased(43%).

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.155-175
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to test a reliability and validity of the Korean version of Eating Attitudes Test-26(KEAT-26). Using multi-stage sampling, we finally got 3,496 subjects(1422 males and 2074 females) who were available for analysis from target 4,400 Korean adults over 18 in the nationwide areas of9 kus, 10 middle or small cities, and 17 kuns. We tried to make T score norm of the KEAT-26 as a cutoff score and STEN score norm as a index of severity for disordered eating behaviors. For the male group, Cronhach's internal consistency was .83 and Spearman-Brown split half correlation coefficiency was .75. For the female group, each of them was .81 and .75, and .81, .75 for the grand total group respectively. Validity test was performed by construct validation analysis. By a iterated principal axis factoring, 4 factors were extracted. There were some differences in the factors of the KEAT-26 by sex. In the male group, factor I was 'self-control of eating and bulimic symptom', factor II was 'food preoccupation and dieting', factor III was 'preoccupation with being thinner', factor N was 'avoidance of sweet foods'. In contrast with the male group, factor I was 'self-control of eating and bulimic symptom', factor II was 'preoccupation with being thinner', factor III was 'food preoccupation' and factor N was 'dieting' in the female group. We used T score 65 as a cutoff score. T score 65 corresponded to raw score 19 in the male group, 22 in the female group and 21 in the grand total group. Severity of disordered eating behaviors was measured by a STEN score. In the male group, each of the score range of 0-10, 11-14, 15-18, 19-22 and over 23 represented the degree of none, subclinical, manifest, moderate and severe severity respectively. Each of the score range of 0-13, 14-17, 18-21, 22-26 and over 27 in the female group, and the score range of 0-12, 13-16, 17-20, 21-25 and over 26 in the grand total group also represented the same degree of severity as like in the male group. These results support that KEAT-26 is a reliable and valid scale for evaluating disordered eating behaviors and eating problems.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.604-608
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• 2009

This study was conducted to evaluate extruded pellet (EP) diet compared with a raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet for flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus on field feeding experiments in Jeju area. The experimental EP diet (juvenile, growing and adult) was prepared based on the former studies on nutrient requirements and feed ingredient of flounder. Fish were distributed randomly to each aquarium as a group of 102,300 fish (initial mean weight 97 g) in field experiment I and reared randomly to each aquarium as a group of 40,000 fish (initial mean weight 120 g) in field experiment II. In field feeding experiment I conducted in commercial flounder farm, survival, wt. gain (94-1,090 g), feed efficiency and condition factor of fish fed experimental EP were comparable to those of fish fed MP, but considerably higher protein efficiency ratio were observed in fish fed experimental EP. In field feeding experiment II, no significant difference was observed in final mean weight of fish fed the experimental EP (1,234 g) and MP (1,286 g), and any noticeable problem caused by feeding the experimental EP was not found during the whole period of feeding trial. Survival of fish fed the experimental EP was lower than that of MP, and there was no significant difference in feed efficiency between the fish fed experimental EP and MP. Therefore, these results strongly suggest that diet EP could be developed to replace MP diet for the marketable size (1.3 kg) of production for flounder without adverse effects on growth performance. In particular, abdominal dropsy and reduction of condition factor, which are frequently occurred in commercial EP feeding farms, were not observed in flounder fed experimental EP.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.2771-2778
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• 2009

This study was performed to solve the problem of the 2nd contamination and excessive treatment cost by determining proper quantity of hydrogen peroxide, iron catalyst, mixing method, and input mode that should be provided when Fenton oxidation (this is mostly applied to small contaminated areas such as service station sites) is applied to the excavated and diesel-contaminated soil. Soil artificially contaminated with 10000mg/kg of diesel was used for the experiment. In the batch test, diesel removal seemed to increase as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide increases. When iron catalyst was added, removal efficiency of diesel was much higher than the time when hydrogen peroxide was added solely. The removal efficiency showed greater when Fe(III) was added compared to Fe(II). Column experiment was executed on the basis of results of the batch test to investigate adequate reagent mixing and input methods. The highest efficiency was acquired in the case of separate input mode. Also, it was found that when inputting Fe(III) iron catalyst and separately inputting hydrogen peroxide after dividing the bundle in the column, removal efficiency was 92.8%, which was 9 times greater than that of the first method, 10.5%, when only hydrogen peroxide was added. Thus, it is expected that if the result of this research is applied to Fenton oxidation for the remediation of soil contaminated by diesel, the problem of the 2nd contamination and excessive treatment charge caused by excessive addition of hydrogen peroxide and iron catalyst could be solved.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.657-662
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• 2005

Iron sulfide(FeS) is significantly produced through both abiotic and biotic processes in natural sediments and pore waters. In this study, chromium(VI) reaction with iron sulfide at various initial concentrations and at pH values of 4 and 8 was conducted to better understand the interactions between Cr(VI) and Fe(II) species dissolved from iron sulfide in both the aqueous and solid phases. Also, the removal efficiency of iron sulfide was compared with zero valent iron and other iron bearing oxides such as ${\alpha}-Fe_2O_3$, ${\alpha}-FeOOH$ and $Fe_3O_4$. The Cr(VI) removal rate by iron sulfide was higher at pH 4 than at pH 8 because more dissolved Fe(II) existed at pH 4 than at pH 8. Chromium and iron(oxyhydroxide) could be identified on the iron sulfide surface with transmission microscopy imaging and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The removal capacity of iron sulfide was much higher than zero valent iron and other iron oxide minerals due to the synergic effect of hydrogen sulfide and ferrous iron.