• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Environment and Ecology Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.153-156
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• 2006

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.183.1-183.1
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.190.1-190.1
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• 2000

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.207.1-207.1
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• 2001

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 2000

To determine the proper carbon and nitrogen sources and their proper levels for mass micro propagation of Scrophularia buergeriana Miquel, tonic and curing cough experiment were applied and a method for mass cultivation by using bioreactors (2.5 L) was expinined. Proper ratio of $NH_4NO_3\;:\;$KNO_3$ was 413 mg/L : 1900 mg/L for multiple shoot production. Sucrose was more effective than glucose or fractose as carbon source and 3% concentration was good for shoot formation. Total nitrogen was not detected after six weeks both in 500 ml flask and bioreactor culture. Sucrose was decreased sharply after two weeks and there was no sucrose left after three weeks both in 500 ml flask and bioreactor culture. The stirrer in bioreactor caused shear stress to shoots severely. The sphere type bioreactor was better than the cylinder type and removal of inner loop in sphere type was more effective to avoid shear stress.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.117-122
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• 2000

This study was carried out to know the factors affecting on shoot formation and rooting for stable and routine production of plantlets in bioreactor culture of Scrophularia buergeriana. Multiple shoots were formed effectively when explants were transplanted on the MS media with decreased concentration of $NH_4NO_3$ as 413mg/ l . Three hundred stem explants (0.8-1.0cm) was appeared as proper inoculation size in bioreactor culture. IBA (0.05mg/L) was more effective for rooting of the shoots in liquid as well as solid media. Six weeks long culture of explants in bioreactor gave better shoot shape for rooting on solid half-strength MS media.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 2001

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum composition and concentration of medium for the acclimation of the shoots derived from bioreactor culture of Scrophularia buergeriana. Rooting and growth of the shoots cultured in bioreactor for 4 weeks were better on liquid full strength MS medium while one-tenth of MS medium was good for rooting and growth of the shoots cultured in bioreactor for 6 weeks. Leaf expansion was more effective in the shoots cultured for 6 weeks on solid MS medium than in those cultured for 4 weeks. No leaf expanded in liquid medium. Vitrification rate was higher in full strength solid MS medium than in half strength MS medium. It is concluded that acclimation of the shoots is more effective on the half strength solid MS medium containing 1.2% agar.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2009

Objectives : From Scrophularia buergeriana water extract(SBW), has been used in vivo test for its beneficial effects on neuronal survival and neuroprotective functions, particularly in connection with APP-related dementias and Alzheimer's disease(AD). $A{\beta}$ oligomer derived from proteolytic processing of the ${\beta}$-amyloid precursor protein(APP), including the amyloid-${\beta}$ peptide($A{\beta}$), play a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's dementia. Methods : Using drosophila APP model on APP-induced neuronal cytotoxicity, we demonstrated that SBW prevents neurotoxicity of $A{\beta}$ oligomer, which are the behavior, and possibly causative, feature of AD. We investigated the neuroprotective effects of SBW against the effects of oligomeric $A{\beta}$ and fly behaveior and life span by UAS-GRIM/APP-GAL within transgenic flies. Results and Conclusions : SBW repaired damage leading to the behaveior of APP-induced fly and delayed life span. These results suggest that neuronal damage in AD might be due to two factors: a direct $A{\beta}$ oligomer toxicity and multiple cellular and molecular neuroprotective mechanisms, including attenuation of apoptosis and direct inhibition of $A{\beta}$ oligomer, underlie the neuroprotective effects of SBW.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.258-267
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• 2022

Objectives: Hypertrophic scars (HSs) are caused by abnormal wound healing. To date, no standard treatment has been made available for HSs. Scrophularia striata has been reported to accelerate wound healing and has the potential to prevent HS formation. In this study, we investigated the anti-scarring effects of S. striata extract (SSE) in a rabbit ear model of scarring. Methods: In this study, New Zealand white rabbit (weight: 2.3-2.5 kg) were used. In the prevention phase of the study, three test groups received 5%, 10%, and 15% ointments of SSE in the Eucerin base, the fourth group received Eucerin, and the fifth group received no treatment. The samples were obtained on day 35 after wounding. In the treatment phase of the study, the test groups received an intralesional injection of SSE (5%, 10%, and 15%), the fourth group received an intralesional injection of triamcinolone, the fifth group received a solvent (injection vehicle), and the sixth group received no treatment. To evaluate the anti-scarring effects of SSE, the scar elevation index (SEI), epidermis thickness index (ETI), collagen deposition, and MMP2 and MMP9 gene expression were evaluated. Results: A significant reduction in SEI, ETI, and collagen deposition was noted in animals treated with SSE compared with the control groups. In addition, topical SSE stimulated MMP2 and MMP9 gene expression. Conclusion: The findings of this study demonstrate the potential for SSE in the prevention and treatment of HS. SSE could be prepared as an appropriate formulation to treat wounds and prevent abnormal scarring.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.271-283
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• 2013

Morphology of Korean Scrophularia species were reviewed to clarify taxonomic characters, their variations and taxon delimitation. Habitats, root forms, foliaceous types, glandular trichomes on stems and leaves, flowering seasons, calyx shapes, corolla colors and shapes, as well as ovary basal shapes are diagnostic characters to classify series in this genus. From the result, 1) S. alata is distinguished from its closely related species S. takesimensis by lengths of stem ribs, widths of petioles, and types of corolla lobes; 2) S. buergeriana is characterized by spike-like inflorescences, short peduncles and pedicels, and yellowish green corollas; 3) lanceolate-shaped leaves and calyces, and axillary-like cyme inflorescences delimitate S. koraiensis easily from the other taxa; 4) smaller leaves discriminate S. kakudensis var. microphylla from S. kakudensis var. kakudensis, and 5) S. cephalantha is distinguished from S. kakudensis by broadly ovate to sub-orbicular shaped leaves, earlier flowering seasons, and smaller numbered flowers on shorter inflorescences. In conclusion, the Korean Scrophularia is classified as 7 taxa, 6 species and 1 variety in 2 series. Keys to the series and taxa are provided.