• Korean Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
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• v.60 no.9
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• pp.454-462
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• 2017

Background and Objectives The present study aimed to investigate the effects of penetration/aspiration (P/A) on voice acoustic parameters. Subjects and Method Twenty-seven patients were analyzed with the videofluoroscopic swallowing study (VFSS) and then divided into two groups based on the modified Penetration and Aspiration Scale results. Ten patients (5 males and 5 females) were included in the Non-P/A group, and 17 patients (12 males and 5 females) in the P/A group. Stroke was the major cause of swallowing disorders. Three sustained /a/ vowels recorded in pre- and post-VFSS were analyzed. Mann-Whitney U-test was used to compare acoustic values before and after VFSS, and the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve with combination of significant parameters was also conducted. Results Among acoustic parameters, the length of analyzed sample (p=0.010), number of segments computed (p=0.018), total number detected pitch periods (p=0.017), and second formant (p=0.013) in pre- and post-VFSS were significantly different between Non-P/A and P/A groups. In the P/A group after VFSS, the means of these significant parameters decreased. According to ROC combined with four significant parameters, the probability of predicting P/A condition was 84% (p=0.005), the sensitivity was 80%, and the specificity was 80%. Conclusion Voice acoustic analysis can reflect voice changes by penetration/aspiration and the combination of significant parameters can also detect swallowing disorders. Therefore, voice analysis can be a reliable screening tool for patients with swallowing disorders.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.21 no.2 s.24
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• pp.217-223
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• 1988

A cross-sectional survey was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of scoliosis in elementary, middle and high school boys in May 1988. The study population included 1,393 male students in Pusan ; 463 students of 4th grade in two elementary schools, 543 students of 1st grade in one middle school and 387 students of 1st grade in one high school. The students of elementary school were screened with inspection by two physicians at the same time and the students of middle and high schools were screened with both inspection by the same physicians and 70mm chest X-ray. Positive students in any one of the two screening tests were measured for height and body weight and asked for the shoulder side on which he carries the school bag. The angle of curvature on X-ray film was measured by Cobb's method. The number of positive students in any one of the two screening tests were 15(3.2%) in elementary schools, 174(32.0%) in middle school and 92(23.8%) in high school. However, positive rates in both tests were only 2.2% for the middle school students and 2.6% for the high school students and among these students 1.1% out of total middle school students and 2.3% of high school students had a curvature equal to or greater than $5^{\circ}$ of Cobb's angle on 70mm chest X-ray film. There was a statistically significant association between the direction of spinal curve and the shoulder side on which one carries school bag among positive students in both screening 1.sts (p<0.05) Mean height and body weight of 281 positive students in any one of two screening tests were compared with the Korean standard for the same age. Mean weight of elementary school students was nearly the same as the standard weight but the height was slightly shorter than the standard. However, both mean height and weight of the middle school students were lower than the standard while those of the high school students were higher. The prevalence rate of scoliosis for the 2nd and 3rd grades of high school is presumed to be higher than that of the 1st grade of high school and the rate for girls will be even higher than the rate for boys of the same age. Thus, scoliosis seems to be an important school health problem. To prevent scoliosis, it is recommeded to reduce the weight of school bag, educate the students to keep a right posture and exercise periodically.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.294-301
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• 2011

The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in identification markers of irradiated foods after treatment of the full-overlapped gravitational field energy (FGFE). Wheat and soybean samples were irradiated at 0-5 kGy of Co-60 gamma energy, and analyzed for photostimulated and thermo luminescence characteristics (PSL and TL) and sprouting rate at 0 and 6th month after FGFE treatment. As a screening method for irradiated samples, PSL photon counts (PCs) for the non-irradiated samples appeared negative (<700 PCs), while irradiated samples gave positive (>5,000 PCs). But FGFE-treated irradiated samples appeared intermediate (700-5,000 PCs), showing decreased PCs during storage. The TL analysis on irradiated samples exhibited glow curve peaks in range of $150-200^{\circ}C$ and TL ratio ($TL_1/TL_2$) was also >0.1. Therefore, identification of irradiated samples was possible using thermoluminescence. But the glow curve range of FGFE-treated irradiated samples shifted from $150-200^{\circ}C$ to $180-230^{\circ}C$ and TL intensity was decreased 37-60% resulting from FGFE treatment. After 6 months of storage, all the samples showed a decrease in TL intensity, but identification was still possible. The sprouting rate of irradiated samples decreased by about 72%, whereas that of FGFE-treated irradiated samples showed by about 85%, as compared to non-irradiated samples. More detailed study is required to investigate sprouting phenomena for FGFE-treated samples.