• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.193-202
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• 2006

About 99% of microorganisms in the environment are unculturable. However, advances in molecular biology techniques allow for the analysis of living microorganisms in the environment without any cultivation. With the advent of new technologies and the optimization of previous methods, various approaches to studying the analysis of living microorganisms in the environment are expanding the field of microbiology and molecular biology. In particular, real-time PCR provides methods for detecting and quantifying microorganisms in the environment. Through the use of the methods, researchers can study the influence of environmental factors such as nutrients, oxygen status, pH, pollutants, agro-chemicals, moisture and temperature on the performances of environmental processes and some of the mechanisms involved in the responses of cells to their environment. This review will also address information gaps in the analysis of the microorganisms using real-time PCR in the environmental process and possible future research to develop an understanding of microbial activities in the environment.

• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.7.1-7.27
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• 2023

The mammalian intestines harbor trillions of commensal microorganisms composed of thousands of species that are collectively called gut microbiota. Among the microbiota, bacteria are the predominant microorganism, with viruses, protozoa, and fungi (mycobiota) making up a relatively smaller population. The microbial communities play fundamental roles in the maturation and orchestration of the immune landscape in health and disease. Primarily, the gut microbiota modulates the immune system to maintain homeostasis and plays a crucial role in regulating the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of inflammatory, neuronal, and metabolic disorders. The microbiota modulates the host immune system through direct interactions with immune cells or indirect mechanisms such as producing short-chain acids and diverse metabolites. Numerous researchers have put extensive efforts into investigating the role of microbes in immune regulation, discovering novel immunomodulatory microbial species, identifying key effector molecules, and demonstrating how microbes and their key effector molecules mechanistically impact the host immune system. Consequently, recent studies suggest that several microbial species and their immunomodulatory molecules have therapeutic applicability in preclinical settings of multiple disorders. Nonetheless, it is still unclear why and how a handful of microorganisms and their key molecules affect the host immunity in diverse diseases. This review mainly discusses the role of microbes and their metabolites in T helper cell differentiation, immunomodulatory function, and their modes of action.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.281-296
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• 2017

The axial-injection end-burning hybrid rocket proposed twenty years ago by the authors recently recaptured the attention of researchers for its virtues such as no ${\zeta}$ (oxidizer to fuel mass ratio) shift during firing and good throttling characteristics. This paper is the first report verifying these virtues using a laboratory scale motor. There are several requirements for realizing this type of hybrid rocket: 1) high fuel filling rate for obtaining an optimal ${\zeta}$; 2) small port intervals for increasing port merging rate; 3) ports arrayed across the entire fuel section. Because these requirements could not be satisfied by common manufacturing methods, no previous researchers have conducted experiments with this kind of hybrid rocket. Recent advances in high accuracy 3D printing now allow for fuel to be produced that meets these three requirements. The fuel grains used in this study were produced by a high precision light polymerized 3D printer. Each grain consisted of an array of 0.3 mm diameter ports for a fuel filling rate of 98% .The authors conducted several firing tests with various oxidizer mass flow rates and chamber pressures, and analysed the results, including ${\zeta}$ history, using a new reconstruction technique. The results show that ${\zeta}$ remains almost constant throughout tests of varying oxidizer mass flow rates, and that regression rate in the axial direction is a nearly linear function of chamber pressure with a pressure exponent of 0.996.

• Journal of Information Management
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.125-139
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• 2006

The advent of the internet has caused a number of changes in production and dissemination of science and technology information(STI). STI was mainly produced in the form of publication before the advent of the internet. The popularization of the internet, however, has induced the mass production and distribution of STI through the internet. In consequence, the importance and usefulness of on-line STI have become on a level with those of published STI. The rapid growth of quantity and quality of on-line STI forces information service organizations try their best for improving the service satisfaction. In an effort to improve the satisfaction, researchers on information management examined the classification of information resources by exploring the counterparts of bibliography and/or web information service. We examined the national standard of the classification related to science and technology and proposed a practical scheme for the classification of on-line STI resources.

• Journal of the Korea Safety Management & Science
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.327-336
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• 2008

Recently, technology growth and globalization of the market bring the age of knowledge based economy. These competitive environment require that the firms should cooperate among industry, academia, and institute. Cooperation between firms and universities for research and development is one of the most important business strategy in improving their business competences. This paper studied the factors of the firm involvement in the cooperation between firms and universities for technology development. To analyze the involvement factors, the data of 'R&D activity survey' of Ministry of Science and Technology(MOST) were used. Based on results of the analysis, 6 factors such as firm size, the years of firms, ratio of the researchers, the ratio of collaborative investments, the ratio of new product development, and the number of property right were significant. As the technology cooperation get flourished, the results of this research is expected to play a meaningful role as an basic data for developing the cooperation between industry and academia policy for technology development.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.199-208
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• 2023

The emergence of COVID-19 virus has shaken almost every aspect of human life including but not limited to social, financial, and economic changes. One of the most significant impacts was obviously healthcare. Now though the pandemic has been over, its aftereffects are still there. Among them, a prominent one is people lifestyle. Work from home, enhanced screen time, limited mobility and walking habits, junk food, lack of sleep etc. are several factors that have still been affecting human health. Consequently, diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, anxiety etc. have been emerging at a speed never witnessed before and it mainly includes the people at young age. The situation demands an early prediction, detection, and warning system to alert the people at risk. AI and Machine learning has been investigated tremendously for solving the problems in almost every aspect of human life, especially healthcare and results are promising. This study focuses on reviewing the machine learning based approaches conducted in detection and prediction of diabetes especially during and post pandemic era. That will help find a research gap and significance of the study especially for the researchers and scholars in the same field.

• Journal of Biomedical Engineering Research
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.337-342
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• 2008

To date, many researchers have developed a variety of biosensors to detect the biomolecular interactions. Recently, electrochemical biosensors have been attracting great interest as one of key technologies in a ubiquitous healthcare (U-healthcare) system since they are highly sensitive and feasible to miniaturize. Here we overview the current electrochemical biosensors based on strip-type, nanowire/nanotube, field effect transistor (FET), and nanogap electrode.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.76-79
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• 2006

At present, hundreds of microbial genomes have been sequenced, and hundreds more are currently in the sequencing pipeline. As the amount of genome data is expanding, researchers are much in need of tools that can process huge amount of sequence data. Here, we will discuss about several bioinformatics tools and their applications.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Information Management Conference
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• 2013.08a
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• pp.189-192
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• 2013

과학기술분야에서는 연구 윤리 준수의 근거자료이자 특허 관련 법적 근거자료로서 정부와 기관 차원에서 연구노트를 관리하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 KAIST를 중심으로 과학기술대학 연구자들의 연구노트 관리지침에 대한 인식을 알아보았으며, 이를 반영하여 연구노트 관리지침의 실효성을 높일 수 있는 활성화 방안을 제시하였다.

• Asia pacific journal of information systems
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.248-291
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• 2024

A few years before, MOOCs appeared and developed at a rapid pace. Various MOOC methods, theories, strategies, elements, and techniques were used to improve distance education. In their development, their weaknesses like dropout, low participation, low completion rate, low engagement, and others have emerged that are addressed by recent studies including that of gamified and adaptive gamified MOOCs. This article presents the most important theories, strategies, and elements used in gamification and their usefulness and contribution to MOOCs, with the ultimate goal of proving rich information to researchers, application designers, and practitioners of gamified and adaptive gamified MOOCs.