• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.247-258
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• 1994

We got this conclusion from an investigation about complications from 144 cases of 130 patients who were to be searched their personal records, admission chart, clinical laboratory sheet, anesthetic record, consult sheet and radiographic opinion. They had orthognathic surgery for maxillofacial deformity treatment at the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery in dental school of Kyung Hee university for 4 years and 10 months, from March 1989 to December 1993. 1. In the intraoperative phase, by the frequency of complication, blood vessel injury was found the most-22%, and then soft tissue injury, unfavorable osteotomy split, and there were some cases of tooth injury and inappropriate osteotomy. In the mandibular segmental osteotomy, blood vessel injury was found the most frequently-20 cases (27%), soft tissue injury, unfavorable osteotomy split were the second frequent cases, and then unfavorable fragment position was found. In the extraoral vertical ramus osteotomy and Le Fort I osteotomy also, blood vessel injury and nerve injury were found the most. 2. In the postoperative hospitalization phase, by the frequency of complication, hematoma (23%) was happened the most, except for that, lkie the complication that can be happened by adverse reaction of medicine or long hospital life. In the case of SSRO, there were 21 cases (20%) of hematoma, and this wal the most frequently case. In the case of EVRO, hematoma wasn't happened that much-2 case (4%). 3. In the follow up phase, relaps, numbness and TMJ dysfunction were happened. In mandibular surgery, the forward relapse percentage of point B, was 27% when used wire fixation on SSRO, was 15% by miniplate fixation on SSRO and was 7% on EVRO. In the case of SSRO, numbness was kind of high, comparing to ordinary surgery-12 cases(16 There were many difficulties in analyzing this data accurately, Although orthognathic surgery is done many times, only available date is from the "success" stories and data is not consistently recorded for the cases with complications. In this manner, much essential informantion is lost and overlooked. When data is charted including those cases that are seemingly insignificalt, we can have a much clearer understanding and more accurate guide on treatment protocols.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.189-203
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• 2020

Objectives: This study was performed to identify the current barriers of obesity management for children using Community Child Care Centers and their caregivers (parents and teachers working in the Centers). Further, this study explored the possibility of utilizing a mobile phone application for tailored obesity prevention and management programs to overcome the current difficulties associated with children's obesity management. Methods: The qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with 20 obese and overweight children or children who wanted to participate in this study using Community Child Care Centers, 12 teachers working at the Centers, and a focus group interview with five parents of children using the Centers. Data were analyzed with a thematic approach categorizing themes and sub-themes based on the transcripts. Results: The current barriers of obesity management of obese and overweight children using Community Child Care Centers were lack of self-directed motivation regarding obesity management (chronic obesity-induced lifestyles and reduced self-confidence due to stigma) and lack of support from households and Community Child Care Centers (latchkey child, inconsistency in dietary guidance between the Center and household, repetitive pressure to eat, and absence of regular nutrition education). Mobile phone applications may have potential to overcome the current barriers by providing handy and interesting obesity management based on visual media (real-time tracking of lifestyles using behavior records and social support using gamification), environmental support (supplementation of parental care and network-based education between the Community Child Care Center and household), and individualized intervention (encouragement of tailored and gradual changes in eating habits and tailored goal setting). It is predicted that the real-time mobile phone program will provide information for improving nutritional knowledge and behavioral skills as well as lead to sustainable children's coping strategies regarding obesity management. In addition, it is expected that environmental factors may be improved by network-based education between the Community Child Care Centers and households using the characteristics of mobile phones, which are free from space and time constraints. Conclusions: The tailored education program for children using Community Child Care Centers based on mobile phones may prevent and reduce childhood obesity by overcoming the current barriers of obesity management for children, providing environmental and individualized support to promote healthy lifestyles and quality of life in the future.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.200-208
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• 2005

Purpose: Palliative procedures or surgical interventions not only manage various symptoms of malignant gastrointestinal obstruction, but also improve the quality of life. We investigated the clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of terminal cancer patients with palliative procedures for malignant gastrointestinal obstruction. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 48 terminal cancer patients with palliative procedures for malignant gastrointestinal obstruction at Sam Anyang hospital from May in 2002 to May in 2005. We excluded patients with palliative tumor resection. We analyzed prognostic factors in symtom-free survival and overall survival using Kaplan-Meier method, univariate and multivariate analysis. Results: There were 25 males (52%) and 23 females (48%), and median age of 48 patients was 65 years. The most common cause of malignant gastrointestinal obstruction was colorectal (26 patients, 55%), followed by stomach (10, 21%). Twenty patients (42%) received previous treatment (chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy) and 28 (58%) never received any. Eighteen of 20 had received chemotherapy. The most common symptom was pain (15 patients, 31%). Twenty three patients (48%) had Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group(ECOG) performance status of 1 or 2 score and 25 patients (52%) 3 or 4 score. The most common palliative procedure was colostomy and there was no mortality concerning the palliative procedures. By univariate and multivariate analysis, performance status was the only independent prognostic factor in overall survival and symptom-free survival. Overall survival was 150 days and symptom-free survival was 90 days. Conclusion:. We confirmed that perftatdormance status is significant independent prognostic factor in terminal cancer patients with palliative procedures for malignant gastrointestinal obstruction.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.31-51
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• 2009

The characteristics of Jin's ideas on clinic theory can be arranged as follows. 1. Jin emphasized warming and tonifying[溫補] in treatment and the part that shows this the best is the taking care of[調理] the Vital gate[命門], kidney, liver, and spleen. His ideas were based on his understanding of a human life's origin, and was influenced by Seolgi(薛己), Joheon-ga(趙獻可) and Janggaebin(張介賓)'s Vital gate and source Gi theory(元氣說) so scholastically, he has that in common with them but was later criticized by later doctors such as Oksamjon(玉三尊) as an 'literary doctor(文字醫)' who followed the ideas of "Uigwan(醫貫)". 2. The warming and tonifying school[溫補學派], who were influenced by Taoism, said in their theory of disease outbreak[發病學說] that since one must not hurt one's Yin essence and Yang fire [陰精陽火] there is more deficiency than excess, so that was why they used tonifying methods. Jin was also like them and this point of view is universal in internal medicine, gynecology, pediatric medicine and surgery and so on. 3. Jin, who saw the negative form of pulse diagnosis[診脈] emphasized following symptoms over pulse diagnosis using the spirit of ‘finding truth based on truth[實事求是]' in "Maekgyeolcheonmi(脈訣闡微)", but emphasized 'the combination of pulse and symptoms[脈證合參]'. He understood pulse diagnosis as a defining tool for symptoms, and in "Seoksilbirok(石室秘錄)" simplified pulse diagnosis into 10 methods : floating/sunken(浮沉), slow/fast(遲數), large/fine(大小), vacuous/replete(虛實) and slippery/rough(滑澀). 4. Jin used 'large formulas(大方)' a lot that usually featured a large dose, and in " Bonchosinpyeon(本草新編)" he thought of the seven formulas(七方) and ten preparations(十劑) as the standard when using medicine. He did away with old customs and presented a 'new(新)' and 'extra(奇)' point of view. He especially used a lot of Insam(人蔘) when tonifying Gi and Geumeunhwa(金銀花) when treating sores and ulcers. 5. In the area of surgery Jin gave priority to the early finding and treatment of disease with internal treatment[內治] and was against the overuse of acupuncture. However records of surgical measures in a special situation like lung abscesses(肺癰) and liver abscesses(肝癰), and anesthetic measures using 'Manghyeongju(忘形酒)' and 'Singoiyak(神膏異藥)' and opening the abdomen or skull, and organ transplants using a dog's tongue are important data. 6. Jin stated the diseases of Gi and blood broadly. Especially in the principles of treating blood, blood diseases had to be forwarded[順] and Gi regulation[理氣] was the number one priority and stated the following two treatments. First, in "Jeonggiinhyeolpyeon(精氣引血篇)" of volume 6 of "Oegyeongmieon(外經微言)", for the rules for treating blood he stated the pattern identification of finding Gi in blood and blood in Gi. Second, he emphasized Gi regulation(理氣) in blood diseases and stated that the Gi must be tonifyed after finding the source of the loss of blood.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.329-334
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was aimed at analyzing the characteristics and symptoms in home-based hospice-palliative care (HBHPC) patients registered at local public health centers. Methods: A retrospective study was performed; Data of 144 HBHPC patients registered at six public health centers in Pusan City were analyzed, including their initial visit records (registration cards, initial pain evaluation and symptom evaluation). Results: The average age of the patients was 67.7 years old. Among all, 46.2% of the patient lived alone, and 65% had middle school education or lower. The most popular (36.3%) religion was Buddhism, and 47.5% received medical assistance from the government. The most frequent diagnosis was lung cancer followed by stomach cancer and liver cancer in that order. Of all, 48.9% were functionally too weak to lead a daily life, 39.6% were under cancer treatment when registered at the public health center, and 84.5% were aware of the fact that they have reached the terminal phase. Moreover, 83.6% complained about pain, and the pain level was moderate or severe in 36.5% of them. Besides pain, fatigue was the most complained symptom (84.7%), and 49.3% of them rated their fatigue as moderate or severe. Conclusion: Most of the HBHPC patients were socio-economically underprivileged and complained about moderate or worse pain and symptoms. Therefore, it appears necessary to develop an integrated strategy that is tailored for each patient reflecting their characteristics.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.230-237
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• 2013

In this research, the degree of depression and death orientation of the 332 female students majoring in dental hygiene at colleges located in Gyeongsangbuk-do Province were examined and analyzed through a structured self-administered questionnaire from May to July, 2012, for the purpose of improving their mental health. The results are as follows: 1. The degree of depression of the subject students majoring in dental hygiene was shown that 59.9%, 36.8%, 3.0%, and 0.3% of the students were in the normal group, mild depression group, moderate level of depression group, and severe depression group, respectively. 2. The grand mean and the standard deviation of the subjects'death orientation was $2.09{\pm}0.62$ points. 3. The degree of depression of the subjects whose family's economic level was low, whose satisfaction with their family background was low, whose satisfaction level with their major was low, whose school records was low, who frequently thought about death, and who attempted suicide was high in a meaningful way, and death orientation was meaningfully low. In addition, those in the group with the experience of feeling suicidal were proved to have a significantly high degree of depression, and those without the experience of education about death had a low level of death orientation. 4. The degree of depression and death orientation had a positive correlation. When the study results above are combined, follow-up research needs to be conducted so that differentiated programs linked with the care for mental health for the formation of proper attitudes toward depression and death will be established to help students lead a positive life.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.87-96
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of activity status, anxiety, depression, social support, symptom experience, and functional status in patients with lung cancer based on the theory of unpleasant symptoms. Methods: The participants for this study were 101 lung cancer patients who visited the out-patient department for treatment or follow-up at one hospital in Seoul. Data were collected from January 1 to February 8, 2013 using self-reported questionnaires and clinical records. To measure variables, the functional scale and symptom scale of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core 30, EORTC QLQ-Lung Cancer 13, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Status, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were used in this study. The data were analyzed using SPSS 19.0 software for Windows. Results: The symptom experience showed more severity in patients with lower activity status, higher anxiety and depression. With lower activity status and social support, functional status was lower. When anxiety, depression, and symptom experience were higher, functional status was also lower. The significant factors predicting symptom experience were depression, anxiety, activity status, and social support, which explained 57.8% of the variance. Conclusion: These results suggest that psychological factors such as anxiety and depression had a negative influence on the symptom experience of lung cancer patients. Therefore, providing emotional support based on the patients' needs prior to providing symptom management could be a useful strategy for improving symptom experience and functional status.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.300-308
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• 2019

Objectives: This research was conducted to identify the consumers' food choice factors that affect the consumers' replacement of soft drinks with carbonated water. Methods: The present study used secondary data from a consumer panel survey conducted by the Rural Development Administration of Korea, and the data included the panel members' purchase records based on their monthly spending receipts. The survey asked the participants about their food choice factors and their personal responsibility for their health. This survey included independent variables for the consumers' food purchase factors. As a dependent variable, two types of groups were defined. The replacement group included those people who increased their purchase of carbonated water and decreased their purchase of soft drinks. The non-replacement group included those people who did not change their purchase patterns or they increased their purchase of soft drinks and they decreased their purchase of carbonated water. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the consumers' food choice factors that were associated with replacing soft drinks with carbonated water. Results: The replacement group was significantly associated with (1) a younger age (OR=0.953), (2) being a housewife (OR=2.03), (3) higher income (OR=1.001) and (4) less concern about price (OR=0.819) when purchasing food. This group also showed (5) higher enjoyment (OR=1.328) when choosing food and (6) they took greater responsibly for their personal health (OR=1.233). Conclusions: This research is the first study to mainly focus on soft drinks and carbonated water. The result of this research showed that young, health-conscious consumers with a higher income and who are more interested in food have more possibilities to replace soft drinks with carbonated water. These research findings may be applied to consumers who have characteristics that are similar to the young health-conscious consumers and the results can help to suggest ways to reduce sugar intake and improve public health. However, this research has a limitation due to the application of secondary data. Therefore, a future study is needed to develop detailed survey questions about food choice factors and to extend these factors to all beverages, including soft drinks made with sugar substitutes, so as to reflect the growth of alternative industries that use artificial sweeteners or different types of sugar to make commercially available drinks.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.1-11
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• 2021

The Neis System is a system integrating administrative information that was operated in elementary and secondary schools in Korea. Currently, this system is operated by a central server method and contains school administration information and important educational information of students. Among student information, the student life record contains important information for a student to advance to a higher level institution, but problems such as information leakage or manipulation may occur due to malicious attacks. In this paper, we propose a hybrid blockchain system that combines the server and blockchain technology managed by the existing Neis system. The proposed system records the query information of the database in a block when student information is accessed. When a request for correction of student information or issuance of a certificate is received, the query of the blockchain, the information in the database, and the student's key value are checked to determine whether the information has been leaked or manipulated, and only if the data is normal, the request for revision of the record is performed. This process is more secure than the existing central server because it checks the manipulation of data through the blockchain. The proposed system was implemented on the Ethereum platform, and the query information of the blockchain was experimentally verified using smart contracts. This study contributes to enhancing the reliability of the Nice system by strengthening the security against forgery and alteration of student data by combining the existing Nice system with a block chain.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2021

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the using trends of UAS7 over the last 5 years to analyze patients using UAS7 in a single Korean medicine hospital and to understand and suggest the actual status of application in clinical research. Methods : PubMed, RISS and OASIS were used to search clinical research papers related to chronic urticaria in the last 5 years. The adherence of UAS7 was assessed based on medical records in a single Korean medical hospital for 4 weeks. Results : Total 536 articles were selected, and 401(74.8%) articles used the assessment tool. UAS7 has been most commonly used assessment tool to evaluate the severity of chronic urticaria and DLQI has been most commonly used to evaluate the quality of life. The usage rate of UAS7 increased from 50% in 2016 to 85% in 2020. There were a total of 10 articles in traditional medicine research, of which 9 assessment tools were used and 4 articles used UAS7. To analyze adherence of UAS7, a total of 15 patients were selected. 6 patients (40%) did not record any value, and only 2 patients(13%) showed more than 80% adherence. Conclusions : UAS7 is most commonly used assessment tool in clinical research currently. However, since patient record adherence tends to be poor, it is needed to find ways increasing the UAS7 record adherence.