• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze the dental treatment of patients with disabilities, especially according to the frequency of general anesthesia, and to propose the improvements in oral care. The subjects of the present study were 85 patients including age, sex, medical condition, dental treatment and the number of general anesthesia. The patients were divided into regular and irregular check groups according to their follow-up patterns. These two groups were compared for the frequency of general anesthesia and the type of repeated treatment. The results showed that restorative treatment was superior in numbers under first visit of general anesthesia. And more general anesthesia was performed in the irregular recall check group compared with the regular recall check group. This survey suggest that easy access to a dental clinic and the convenience of treatment is needed. On the other hand, there is a time limit on the dental care for disabilities by the dentist. Therefore oral care training program should be simultaneously provided for parents to improve the efficiency of dental care at home. In conclusion, efforts should be made for more comprehensive and effective dental care including regular recall check and preventive home care for disabilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.205-218
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• 2002

Objectives : Because elementary school children are sensitive and prevalent to dental caries, oral health care program for the elementary school children (ESOHCP) should be met the first priority for the national oral health care program. This study was performed to proposed the guidelines for executing the efficient ESOHCP through the evaluation of present oral health care and education status based on the attitudes and opinions of health teachers. Methods : Subjects were 181 health teachers those are a part of the total 273 elementary school health teachers in Busan. From April to June 2001, questionnaire survey on the teacher's attitude and opinion, present status of oral health care and education in their own school was done. Data was analyzed by $\chi^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA using SAS (ver 6.21) program. Results : Mean age of the teachers was 40 years (24~58 years) and mean scale of the subject school was 32 classes (5~58 classes). Above 90% of them agreed with the necessity and importance of ESOHCP, but actual level of concerning was lower. They gained the informations about oral health mainly from media (33%), PC net (26%), academic society (25%), and more used internet (p=0.012) in younger generation. Though most of them (96%) had a specified school dentist, only 58% had the experience of periodic oral health examinations in their own school. The major experienced ESOHCP was fluoride brushing and contest to choose the best healthy teeth. Oral health education given by the teachers was not professional but their own. About half (42%) of the teachers had never taken education during last one year. Major education materials were VTR tape (79%), teeth model (64%), CD (55%), booklet (50%), etc., and the teachers' preference was also VTR tape (43%) and CD (41%). When they need education materials, they frequently request to dentist's association (36%), academic society (35%), but rarely to dental clinics or dentists (6%). They prefer that two times (46%) of annual oral health education, with the contents of regular brushing (53%), but lower regular visit to clinics (13%). The interest to oral health care (p=0.016) increased with teacher's age. And, they agreed regular students education in case of higher interest(p=0.044). Intention about join in the model school program was decreased with scale of school (p=0.002). Conclusions : This result showed that the present status of ESOHCP is still insufficient. It considered that the health teachers' interest and role is most important for the maintenance and success of ESOHCP. The professional and efficient education program would be focused on the health teachers to induce drive on ESOHCP.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.100-129
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• 1993

This study is designed to find out some intra-clinic factors affecting the content of practice provided by primary care physicians in Korea, and proposed factors in this study are characteristcs of each private clinc --- physician-related variables(age, sex, specialty), bfed-related variables for inpatient care, laboratory-related variables for precise diagnosis. We have tried to estimate the difference of disease entities cared by each primary care physician according to above factors by analyzin gdisease data claimed during one month(April, 1992) to National Federation of Medical Insurance. The diagnosis codes by ICD-9 in the research disease data were reclassified to 'diagnosis clusters' by virtue of clinical similarities for effective analyses. We have converted frequent-tsing ICD-9 codes to 86 diagnosis clusters, which incorporated 97.4 percents of all ambulatory visits to private clinics. This result means proposed diagnosis-cluster method is effective tool for analysis of the content of ambulatory medical care carried out by primary care physicians. Comparisons and analyses of multiple diagnosis-clusters made on the basis of presented factors were done and the results were as follows; - Major factors affecting the difference between diagnosis-cluster pattern by each variables were phyusician's age, sex, specialty and bed counts of each private clinic for inpatient care and the size of laboratories of each clinic. - Middle aged(30th to 40th) group physicians are providing more comprehensive care than 20th or above 50th aged groups. Male physicians are more adequate for comprehensive care than female physicians, because woman-doctors are providing narrow-spectrum care. The content of practice of obstetricians and gynecologists shows much difference from primary medical practice, and they cannot be included in primary care physician, this study suggested. Pediatricians are also providing short-spectum acre, and nearly all visits to pediatricians were incorporated only 2-3 diagnosis-clusters. General surgeons' practices are very similar to general practioners' or family physicians' practices, the means they are providing primary care rather than special surgical care. And small number of beds(under 5 beds) and only basic(2-3 sorts of)diagnostic apparatuses are sufficient for primary physicians' clinic to carry out primary care. In conclusion, to reinforce primary care department in Korea, there must be support with health policy to expand office-based primary care practice-- with small number of beds for inpatient care and only basic laboratories-- provided by general practitioner of family physician.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.315-326
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• 1995

This study was performed to find variables which affect oral health care of infants. The subjects were 439 infants and their mothers who live in suburban area. Oral examinations for the infants were conducted and the questionnairs were given to infants' mothers. Toothbrushing frequency, oral hygiene score, the percentage of filled teeth among decayed teeth, and dental treatment experience of infants were used as dependent variable, respectively. Demographic, socio-economic variables and the other variables which might affect oral health care of infants were used as independent variables. Correlation analysis and analysis of variance were used for the independent variables of toothbrushing frequency, oral hygiene score, and the percentage of filled teeth among decayed teeth of infant. Chi-Square and Student's t-test were used for the dependent variables of dental treatment experience of infant. The obtained results were as follows; 1. Toothbrushing frequency of mother and internal locus of oral control of mother were the factors which affect toothbrusing frequency of infants. 2. Oral health belief of mother was the factor which affect oral hygiene score of infants. 3. Age of infant was the factor which affect the percentage of filled teeth among decayed teeth. 4. Age of infant and educational level of infant's mother were the factors which affect the infants' consumption of dental treatment.

• Korean System Dynamics Review
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.177-192
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• 2005

A system dynamics model is developed to investigate policies for the school-age child weights and heights. The model is based upon the system dynamic model of Soonhee lee(2003), the purpose of which was policy analysis for obese control of adult people. Although the purpose and target people are different, the main structure can be applied to in the same way. Besides the carbohydrate, protein, and fat material, the new model covers hormone and heights with new input mechanisms for foods and activities. The simulation results matches well with the average school-age children in Korea with the average inputs data (foods and activities). The model can be used for various purposes such as policy analyses, care plan for obese children, etc.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1209-1214
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• 2016

Background: Cigarette smoking constitutes a major threat to the health and wellbeing of teenagers. While smoking has been on decline in the developed countries, the reverse is the case in developing countries. The aim of this study was to determine the age of initiation, determinants and prevalence of cigarette smoking among teenagers in Mushin Local Government Area of Lagos state, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study among 475 teenagers selected by multistage sampling. A pre-tested, structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The study was carried out in November, 2014. Results: Response rate was 84.6%. Mean age of the respondents was $16.4{\pm}1.65years$. Range and mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking were 7 to 17 years and $12.0{\pm}3.32years$ respectively. Teenagers who were above 15 years (OR:5.13, 95%CI: 0.87-30.26), males (OR:5.19, 95%CI: 1.57-17.18), married (OR:8.41, 95%CI: 1.04-63.35), had ${\leq}$primary school education(OR:4.31, 95%CI: 1.07-17.33), influenced by friends(OR:308.84, 95%CI:84.87-1123.81), and influenced by advertisements (OR:27.83, 95%CI: 3.92-197.64) were more likely to have initiated cigarette smoking. Furthermore, teenagers who were males (OR:12.77, 95%CI: 2.90-56.28), married (OR:19.24, 95%CI: 2.05-180.45), had ${\leq}$primary school education(OR:7.85, 95%CI: 2.37-26.01), influenced by friends(OR:28.56, 95%CI: 10.86-75.07), and influenced by advertisements (OR:5.95, 95%CI: 1.72-20.61) were more likely to be current cigarette smokers. In addition, 24.9% had initiated cigarette smoking while 14.7% were current smokers of cigarette. Conclusions: Mean age of initiation of cigarette smoking was $12.0{\pm}3.32years$. Determinants of cigarette smoking were age, gender, marital status, educational background, friends and advertisements. Life time prevalence of cigarette smoking was higher than prevalence of current cigarette smokers. Cigarette smoking reduction programs should take these factors into consideration.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.115-130
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• 2013

This study reviews the current status of Korean first graders, their experience with early care and education (ECE) programs, and their participation in private and after-school education. The research also examines how school adjustment during the first grade is related to family income, types of ECE programs, and participation in private and after-school education. Using the first year data of the Korean Child and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS) 2010, this study analyzes 752 first graders who attended only one of two types of ECE programs (child care centers or kindergartens), after which two 25% income extremes were examined. The analysis demonstrates that children from low-income households attended child care centers more often, while children from high-income households attended kindergartens more often. For both low-income and high-income groups, child care centers had a lower starting age and longer attendance periods than did kindergartens. High-income household children started attending ECE programs earlier, experienced more private and after-school education, and received a larger number of private and after-school educational lessons. For the second research purpose, children from low-income families showed better peer relations in school adjustment, while children attending child care centers showed better teacher relations than children attending kindergartens. Children with after-school education also exhibited better peer relations. These findings show the importance of government support for early learning, especially for low-income families and offer a foundation for developing private education polices for early childhood before and after school entry.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.243-252
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate diabetic knowledge, self-care behaviors, and HbA1c of patients with diabetic mellitus in public hospitals. Methods: Participants were 287 adult patients who had been diagnosed with diabetes in two public hospitals in Seoul. Collected data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation with the SPSS (PASW) 21.0 program. Results: For general characteristics of the participants, there were significant differences in the level of diabetic knowledge according to age (F=11.28, p<.001), educational level (F=11.07, p<.001), type of health insurance (F=9.38, p<.001), and monthly income (t=-4.58, p<.001) and in the self-care behaviors according to age (F=8.61, p<.001) and in HbA1c according to age (F=6.72, p=.001). As for disease related characteristics of the participants, significant differences were found for self-care behaviors according to education about diabetes (t=3.90, p<.001) and in HbA1c according to education about diabetes (t=3.26, p=.001) and current diabetic therapy methods (F=13.51, p<.001). The study results showed that there was no correlation between diabetic knowledge and self-care behavior, or between self-care behavior and HbA1c. Conclusion: Results indicate that when developing preliminary data on nursing intervention education programs on diabetes, increasing diabetic knowledge and self-care behaviors would help to improve blood glucose levels.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.18 no.5
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• pp.660-673
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• 2018

The purpose of this research is to find effect of parental care awareness, emotional intelligence, peer relations on the happiness of school age children. Data collection was conducted by a survey of school-aged children who received consent from their guardians and the final target was 180. For data analysis, the t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and stepwise regression analysis was performed via the SPSS / WIN Ver 18.0 program. As the result, according to general characteristics, school life and parental interest had statistically significant effect on happiness. Parental caring awareness had statistically significant difference according to gender, cohabitation family, school life, close friend, and interest of parent. Emotional intelligence had statistically significant difference according to gender, cohabiting family, school life, school grade. There were statistically significant differences on peer relations in the cases of three or more close friends. Happiness showed a positive relation with parental care awareness, peer relationship, and emotional intelligence. The factors affecting the happiness of school aged children were school life, parental interest, parental care awareness, and the peer relationship. The R-square of these variables was 16.7%. Therefore, it was confirmed that school life, parental interest, parental care and peer relationship should be considered as a strategy to improve the happiness of school aged children.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.447-460
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships of early childhood teachers' communication ability, teacher efficacy, and organizational effectiveness of child care centers. The subjects of this study were 397 teachers working at child care centers. The results of this study were as follows. First, differences in the organization effectiveness of child care centers were detected according to teachers' age, career, type of child care center where they were affiliated, and marriage status. Second, the relative effects of the teachers' communication ability and teacher efficacy on the organizational effectiveness of early-childhood educational institutions differed significantly according to each sub-factor; teachers' communication ability's sub-factors - response, analysis, and evaluation - and teacher efficacy's sub-factors - general efficacy and personal efficacy - had partial effects on the organizational effectiveness of child care centers. Of these, personal efficacy had the greatest effects on all sub-factors of organizational effectiveness. This study is significant since it identifies the variables that could affect the organizational effectiveness of child care centers.