• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.31 no.5
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• pp.524-533
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to develop functional bread containing Portulaca oleracea L. (0%, 1%, 3% or 5%). The weight was higher in the bread with Portulaca oleracea L. (POL), compared with the control bread. The height and volume were lower in the bread containing POL. As the concentration of POL increased, the pH decreased and the acidity increased. The sugar concentration ($^{\circ}Brix$) and reducing sugar (%) decreased with increasing amounts of POL. On the hunter color system, L (lightness) and a (redness) values for the crumbs of breads with more POL were lower, but the b (yellowness) value was higher. Total phenolic compound contents increased with the addition of POL. Antioxidant activities such as DPPH and hydroxy radical scavenging activity for the breads with POL increased with increasing POL. The sensory test results showed that the over-all preference score for the breads containing POL were higher than those of the control.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.51-58
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• 2016

Objectives This study was designed to investigate whether the Cheongajihwang-Tang (CT) has an inhibitory effect association with oxidation or inflammation in RAW264.7 cells. Methods Cytotoxic activity of CT extract on RAW264.7 cells was evaluated by using 3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) solution. Nitric oxide production was measured using Griess reagent system. The total phenolic contents and 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was measured to evaluate the anti-oxidative effects of CT. Dichlorofluorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) has been used as a substrate for measuring intracellular oxidant production. Results Cheongajihwang-Tang does not impair the cell viability in tested concentration. CT showed anti-oxidative effects in vitro by decreasing electron donating ability, and also showed anti-inflammatory effects suppressing NO and ROS expression in LPS induced RAW264.7 activation. CT inhibited the generation of intracellular ROS production as dose dependant manner. Conclusions CT has anti-oxidative effects and anti-inflammatory activities. These results indicate that CT extract has an anti-inflammatory activities via anti-oxidative effects.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.29 no.8
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• pp.699-706
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• 2006

The present study evaluated antioxidant and neuroprotective activities of hesperidin, a flavanone mainly isolated from citrus fruits, and its aglycone hesperetin using cell-free bioassay system and primary cultured rat cortical cells. Both hesperidin and hesperetin exhibited similar patterns of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activities. While hesperidin was inactive, hesperetin was found to be a potent antioxidant, inhibiting lipid peroxidation initiated in rat brain homogenates by $Fe^{2+}$ and L-ascorbic acid. In consistence with these findings, hesperetin protected primary cultured cortical cells against the oxidative neuronal damage induced by $H_2O_2$ or xanthine and xanthine oxidase. In addition, it was shown to attenuate the excitotoxic neuronal damage induced by excess glutamate in the cortical cultures. When the excitotoxicity was induced by the glutamate receptor subtype-selective ligands, only the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid-induced toxicity was selectively and markedly inhibited by hesperetin. Furthermore, hesperetin protected cultured cells against the $A_{{\beta}(25-35)}-induced$ neuronal damage. Hesperidin, however, exerted minimal or no protective effects on the neuronal damage tested in this study. Taken together, these results demonstrate potent antioxidant and neuroprotective effects of hesperetin, implying its potential role in protecting neurons against various types of insults associated with many neurodegenerative diseases.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1191-1196
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• 2008

The antibacterial and antioxidant potentials of extruded ginseng extract (EGE) with 60% ethanol and methanol were investigated. The inhibitory activity of the EGE in Gram-positive bacteria was significantly higher than in Gram-negative bacteria. Higher antibacterial activity was observed with methanol ginseng extract when moisture content and barrel temperature were 20% and $115^{\circ}C$, respectively, that diameter of inhibition zone at 1,500 mg/mL was $15.40{\pm}0.13\;mm$ for Bacillus subtilis and $9.31{\pm}0.05\;mm$ for Salmonella typhimurium. The amount of total phenolics was highest in extruded ginseng at 20% moisture content and $115^{\circ}C$ barrel temperature. Especially, a positive correlation was observed between the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of the extracts. In the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical (DPPH) system, all tested extract of extruded ginseng at 20% moisture content exhibited very strong antioxidant properties when compared to red ginseng with percent scavenging effect of 23-35% at 20mg/mL. In conclusion, it can be said that the extracts of extruded ginseng could be used as natural antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in the food preservation.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.1332-1336
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• 2008

The water extract of Saururus chinensis was investigated for oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), reducing capacity, metal chelating activity, and intracellular antioxidant activity using HepG2 cell. When 2,2'-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was used for the generation of peroxyl radicals in vitro, S. chinensis extract (SC-E) showed the strong and concentration-dependent scavenging activity through donating protons which could be explained by its reducing property. When hydroxyl radicals were generated in vitro through the addition of $Cu^{2+}$ and $H_2O_2$, SC-E demonstrated the antioxidant activity depending on its concentration. In HepG2 cell model, most of intracellular oxidative stress generated by AAPH was efficiently removed by SC-E. However, when $Cu^{2+}$ without $H_2O_2$ was used as an oxidant in the intracellular assay, SC-E partially reduced the oxidative stress caused by $Cu^{2+}$ in cellular antioxidant activity assay system. These results indicate that SC-E could be utilized for the development of functional foods as antioxidant resource in the near future.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.383-395
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• 2016

This study investigated the effect of exogenous hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) on the antioxidant responses and growth of warm-season turfgrass (Zoysia japonica Steud.) and cool-season turfgrass (Poa pratensis L.) subjected to drought stress. Compared with control plants that were not pretreated with $H_2O_2$, plants pretreated with $H_2O_2$ had significantly greater fresh and dry weights of shoots and roots, and increased water content. $H_2O_2$ pretreatments before drought stress significantly decreased the concentrations of malondialdehyde and $H_2O_2$. DPPH radical scavenging and glutathione activities were significantly increased. The responsive activities of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, catalase, and peroxidase were also significantly enhanced. Our results suggest that exogenous $H_2O_2$ could improve the growth of warm-season and cool-season turfgrass under drought stress by increasing the activity of their antioxidant enzymes, while decreasing lipid peroxidation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.314-321
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• 2014

Cibotii Rhizoma, the dried rhizome of Cibotium barometz J. Smith (C. barometz), has long been used to treat bone or nervous system disorders. In this regard, we isolated three main phenolic compounds, onitin-4-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside (1), irisdichototins E & F epimeric mixture (2), and protocatechuic acid (3) from C. barometz methanol extract. In addition, we screened their antioxidative activities by DPPH, ABTS radical, and superoxide scavenging assays. Among these three compounds, irisdichototins E & F and protocatechuic acid showed strong antioxidant activities. Also, the antioxidant activities of the C. barometz extracts were proportional to the contents of irisdichototins E & F and protocatechuic acid, thus these two phenolic compounds could be main active compounds of C. barometz. In addition, onitin-4-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside is considered as a marker compound of C. barometz because this compound is specifically contained in C. barometz which belongs to Pteridophyta order. A rapid analysis method for the simultaneous determination of phenolic compounds was also developed by UPLC (Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography). Using the developed method, the two active compounds (irisdichototins E & F and protocatechuic acid) and a marker compound (onitin-4-O-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranoside) were successfully quantified in 14 commercial samples that were collected from different regions.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2021

Oat, the seeds of Avena sativa L. (Gramineae), is an important dietary staple for people in many countries. Previous studies reported that A. sativa had various pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammatory, antitumor, neurotonic, and antispasmodic activities. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans model system was used to investigate the antioxidant activity of methanol extract of oat. The ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the oat methanol extract showed the best DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction was measured for the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans along with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, to confirm that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the ethyl acetate fraction, SOD-3 expression was measured using GFP-expressing transgenic worm. As a result, the ethyl acetate fraction increased SOD and catalase activities, and decreased ROS accumulation in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity compared to the control.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2021

To investigate the antioxidant activities of Pinus densiflora needle (Pinaceae), which is widely used as a traditional medicine in Korea, Caenorhabditis elegans model system was used. The n-butanol fraction of P. densiflora needle methanol extract showed the most potent DPPH radical scavenging and superoxide quenching activities in a dose-dependent manner. The n-butanol fraction was measured for the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance by using C. elegans with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, to see that the regulation of the stress response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans treated by the butanol extract, SOD-3 expression was measured using a transgenic strain. As a result, the P. densiflora needle n-butanol fraction increased SOD and catalase activities, and decreased ROS accumulation, dose-dependently. Furthermore, the n-butanol fraction-treated CF1553 worm showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.96-101
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• 2019

Methanol extract of Helianthus tuberosus L. (Compositae) flower was investigated to research the anti-oxidative activity by using a Caenorhabditis elegans model system. Ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the methanol extract showed the most potent DPPH radical scavenging activity. The ethyl acetate fraction was measured on its activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and oxidative stress tolerance with reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in C. elegans. Furthermore, in order to verify if regulation of stress-response gene is responsible for the increased stress tolerance of C. elegans which treated by the ethyl acetate fraction, we checked SOD-3 expression using a transgenic strain. Consequently, the ethyl acetate fraction of H. tuberosus flower increased the catalase and SOD activities in a dose-dependent manner in C. elegans, reduced ROS accumulation dose-dependently. Besides, the ethyl acetate fraction-treated CF1553 worms showed higher SOD-3::GFP intensity than the control group.