• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.451-460
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• 2013

In a direct coal fuel cell (DCFC) system, it is essential to identify volume fraction of coal suspended in electrolyte melt in order to control its dispersion and fluidity. This requirement is compelling especially at anode channel where hot slurry is likely to flow at low velocity. In this study, light scattering techniques were employed to measure the volume fraction for a pulverized coal suspension with relatively high absorption coefficient. The particle size, scattering angle, and volume fraction were varied to evaluate their effects on the scattering behavior as well as scattering regime. The larger coal size and smaller forward scattering angle could provide a shift to more favorable scattering regime, i.e., independent scattering, where interferences of light scattering from one particle with others are suppressed.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.10
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• pp.1485-1489
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• 2003

The gelation for di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP)-plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) was studied by measuring time-resolved small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and a flow of the solutions in test tube. It was found that for the gelation there were three regimes. At Regime I, the solution rapidly changed to a gel, and the SAXS intensity showed a peak and the peak intensity increased, keeping the peak angle constant. Applying the SAXS intensity to the kinetic analysis of the liquid-liquid phase separation, it was revealed that the spinodal decomposition proceeded to develop a periodic length of 29.9 nanometer in size, a hydrogen-bonding-type association in polymer rich phase followed, and then it induced fast gelation rate. At Regime II, the gelation slowly occurred and the SAXS intensity was not observed, suggesting that a homogeneous gel network was formed by a hydrogen-bonding. At regime III, the solution was a homogeneous sol.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Combustion
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.43-49
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• 2001

Instantaneous, three-dimensional scalar dissipation rates of the reaction progress variable are measured in turbulent premixed Bunsen flames of lean hydrocarbon/air mixtures with the two-sheet, two-dimensional Rayleigh scattering technique. The flames investigated are located in the turbulent flame-front regime on a newly proposed combustion diagram for premixed flames. The conditionally-averaged mean scalar dissipation rates, $N_{\zeta}$ are found to be lower than the calculated laminar values, indicating a locally broadened flame front. In agreement with previous measurements, the maximum of $N_{\zeta}$, decreases strongly with increasing Karlovitz numbers. The conditional probability density functions are close to a log-normal distribution for scalar dissipation rates conditioned at the progress variable value where the scalar dissipation is maximum in unstretched laminar flame calculations. The time scale for the Favre-averaged mean scalar dissipation rate decreases in general across the turbulent flame brush from the unburnt to burnt side.

• Proceedings of the Optical Society of Korea Conference
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• 2006.02a
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• pp.297-298
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• 2006

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.127-136
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• 2000

Molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out to investigate the scattering and penetration properties of hydrogen ions with the normal incident angle to Ni (100) surface. The initial kinetic energies of hydrogen ions range from 100 to 1,600 eV. The simulation results are used to assess the applicabilities of theoretical predictions based on the binary collision approximation, and, in the high kinetic regime, theoretical results for scattering energies were shown to he a good agreement with molecular simulations. The angle dependencies on both scattering and penetration distributions were found in the longitudinal direction, but not in the azimuthal direction except for the high kinetic energy of 1,600 eV.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.370-381
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• 2015

In the system of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/dimethyl sulfoxide, the refractive index of polymer was very well matched to that of solvent and thus its scattered intensity could be minimized. After adding small amount of polystyrene latex particle (nominal diameter 200 nm), diffusion behavior of only probe particle was investigated against the concentration of polymer matrix by means of dynamic light scattering. The polymer concentration dependence of its reduced diffusion coefficient was able to be analysed with the stretched exponential function of the reduced concentration $C[{\eta}]$. In very dilute concentration regime, the depletion layer kept constant but at the early semi-dilute regime of $1{\leq}C[{\eta}]{\leq}2.5$, the concentration-dependent exponent of depletion layer ${\delta}$ was appeared to be -0.8 which was very close to theoretical one of -0.85. However it was also observed at the higher concentration that its layer thickness decreased more abruptly than theoretical expectation and this phenomenon was ascribed to Oosawa type attractive interaction between adjacent latex particles.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.628-636
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• 2012

The polymer concentration dependence of depletion layer was investigated by means of dynamic light scattering after the very small amount of polystyrene spherical latex particles was added into the matrix solution of poly(vinyl alcohol)(PVA)/dimethyl sulfoxide. At the dilute regime, the magnitude of depletion layer kept constant at the level of $63{\pm}3%$ of the radius of gyration of the corresponding PVA chain. Next, at the early semi-dilute regime of $1.5{\leq}C[{\eta}]{\leq}3$, polymer concentration dependence of the layer thickness ${\delta}$ was obtained as ${\delta}{\sim}C^{-0.8}$, and this experimental value was very close to theoretical one of -0.75. However it was observed above $C[{\eta}]$ >3 that its thickness decreased abruptly, and this was ascribed to aggregation effect of latex particles which was driven by Oosawa type attractive interaction.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.7
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• pp.204-210
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• 2016

This paper presents an experimental analysis of the growth and oxidation processes of soot particles generated in an isooctane diffusive laminar flame due to incomplete combustion. The effects of iron-based diagnostics were employed to measure the elastic scattering light from soot particles in a flame at different flame heights, and the differential scattering coefficients were calculated through a calibration process. The growth and oxidation of soot particles in flame was investigated by comparing differential scattering coefficients, and the soot volume fraction was seen to decrease in the soot oxidation process. In the same manner, the differential scattering coefficients were calculated for iron-based fuel-additive seeded flame, and these coefficients were revealed to be smaller than those obtained in the fuel-additive unseeded flame. In addition, transmission through the radial direction of the flame was measured, and transmission in the soot oxidation regime was approximately 5% higher for the seeded flame. The propensity of the data coincided well with the differential scattering coefficients, and it can be concluded that the iron component of the fuel additive plays a crucial role as a catalyst, which eventually enhanced soot particle oxidation.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.682-685
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• 1991

Solvent dependence of the static solution properties of a polymer chain was studied by static light scattering technique for polystyrene in three good solvents, toluene, tetrahydrofuran and $CCl_4$. The molecular parameters such as radius of gyration and second virial coefficients of polystyrene are found to be clearly larger in THF than the other two solvents and they are in the order of tetrahydrofuran > toluene > $CCl_4$. The radius of gyration shows the same order while the difference is smaller. Nontheless, the penetration functions are found to have a comparable value about 0.2, which confirms the universality of the penetration function in high expansion regime over different nature of solvents.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2003.05b
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• pp.355-356
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• 2003

Coagulation is a process whereby particles collide with one another due to their relative motion, and adhere to form large particles. Coagulation caused by the random Brownian motion of particles is called Brownian coagulation. Many properties, such as light scattering, electrostatic charges, toxicity, as well as physical processes, including diffusion, condensation and thermophoresis depend strongly on their size distribution. Therefore, Brownian coagulation is substantially important in atmospheric science, combustion technology, inhalation toxicology and nuclear safety analysis. (omitted)