• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.598-604
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• 1992

Rhabdomyosarcoma is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in childhood and acounts for 6% to 15% of all cases of childhood cancer, Rhabdomyosarcoma in seventh most common form of childhood neoplasms, following acute leukemia, tumors of the central nervous system, lymphoma neuroblastoma, Wilm`s tumor, bone tumor. Rhabdomyosarcoma can arise anywhere in the body, but primary site in the thorax is relatively rare. We experienced a case of aveolar rhabdomyosarcoma arising from intercostal muscle, A 12 year-old woman was suffered from the intermittent left chest pain radiating to the scapular area and dyspnea, On physical examination, pulmonary friction rub was heard on the left upper lobe area. Qn adimission, the chest simple radiography revealed a 7 x 6, 5cm sized radio-opaque mass with pleural effusion in the superior mediastinum and the CT showed a well difined radio-opaque mass including the destructed 2nd rib and pleural effusion. The percutaneous tra-nsthoracic needle aspiration biopsy was likely to show blastoma. After the chemotherapy[vincristine, actinomycin-D, cyclophosphamde] was done to treat blastoma, the pleural effussion was subsided and the mass was slightly decreased by 4.5x 4. 5cm. For treatment and diagnosis, we performed en-bloc resection and the defected chest was reconstucted with Gortex patch. Grossly, the specimen was colored graysh-white and arised in between two ribs The microscopic findings showed that the tumor cells were small round with scant pinkish cytoplasm on the H-E stain and the tumor cell nests were grouped by reticulum fibers and showed alveolar pattern on the silver stain The electromicroscopic finding presented that the cytoplasm contained tangled fibrillar and flocculent materials. The histopathologic findings were compatable with laveolar rhabdomyosarcoma. She was discharged without any complication. After discharge, she has been treated with radiation theraphy and chemotheraphy, and not recurred untill last follow-up We report a case of alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma arising to intercostal muscle, developed in 12 year-old waman, with brief review of literatures.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.62-69
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to measure intrarater and interrater reliability of a portable digital pressure algometer. Fifty healthy subjects were recruited for this study. Pressure pain thresholds of splenius capitis, levator scapular, and upper trapezius muscles were measured using by FPK algometer and portable digital pressure algometer. Three trials were done on each subject by two examiners. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) were used to determine the reliability of each measure. The intrarater reliability of the FPK algometer was good and excellent (ICC .63~.79) and the interrater reliability was poor and good (ICC .15~.57). The intrarater reliability of a portable digital pressure algometer was excellent (ICC .75~.86) and the interrater reliability was poor and good (ICC .35~.61). This result suggests that the intrarater reliability and interrater reliability of a portable digital pressure algometer were better than an FPK algometer.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.50-62
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• 2001

Osteological characteristics of skull, shoulder girdle, pelvic girdle, vertebrae, and pterygiophore of the four members of the genus Acanthogobius are described and compared. Characteristics of the metaterygoid, branchiostegals, urohyal, scapular, and pterygiophores that have been used to classify gobioid fishes were not different between the four species. However, ossification of the lacrymal and the number of ossified gill rakers differ from one Acanthogobius species to another. A. flavimanus is distinguished from its congeners in the size of the medial ethmoid, the number of caudal vertebrae, and the distance from left to right lateral ethmoid. A. lactipes has a large basihyal, and A. luridus has a wide distance from left to right lateral ethmoid: these are among the unique characters that distinguish them from other members of the genus. A. elongata differs notably from its congeners in the number of premaxillary and dentary teeth, the shape of the epural, and the length of the cranium.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.1-7
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• 2016

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of between modified mulligan technique and modified mulligan technique with taping on the active range of motion & passive range of motion, scapula index into the stroke patients. Methods: The subjects with stroke were randomly divided into two groups. Group 1 (n=9) was conducted modified mulligan technique and Group 2 (n=9) was conducted modified mulligan technique with taping week three times for 4weeks. Active range of motion (AROM), passive range of motion (PROM) and scapula index (SI) were measured by goniometer and tape measure. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare differences before and after intervention. Mann-Whitney U-test were conducted to compare before to after intervention in the two groups. Results: AROM was significantly different both groups (p<.05) and between groups were not significantly different into pre and post intervention (p>.05). PROM was significantly different both groups (p<.05) however, between groups were not significantly different into pre and post intervention (p>.05). SI was significantly different only group 2 and between groups were not significantly different (p>.05). Conclusions: This study demonstrated effective bo-th modified mulligan technique and modified mulligan technique with taping on the active range of motion and passive range of motion. Because only modified mulligan technique with taping are effective on the scapula index we recommend modified mulligan technique with taping than modified mulligan technique.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.298-308
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• 1995

To investigate the effect of estrogen and dietary protein level on Ca metabolism, female rats were undergone ovariectomy or sham-operation. Ovariectomized rate were divided into either estrogen-or vehicle-treated groups. Each treatment group was again divided into 40%-casein(H) or 10%-casein(L) diet groups. All experimental diets contained 0.2% Ca, 0.4% P and fed to rats for 8 weeks. Apparant Ca absorption and Ca balance were not affected by dietary protein level and ovariectomy, however they were increased by estrogen injection and this effect was even higher in low protein groups. Urinary Ca excretion were higher in high protein groups. GFR was not affected by dietary protein level, ovariectomy, or by estrogen injection. Urinary protein excretion was higher in high protein groups, which implies that the kidney funtion was deteriorated by high protein diet, and this may account partly for the higher urinary Ca in high protein groups. Ovariectomy or estrogen treatment had no effect on urinary protein excretion. Urinary hydroxyproline was higher in ovariectomized rats and increased in high protein grous. Elevated value of ovarictomized rats was lowered by estrogen injection, especially in low protein group. Alkaline phosphatase tended to increase in ovariectomized groups and lowered with estrogen treatment, but this difference was not statistically significant. Serum PTH was not affected by ovariectomy and dietary protein level. Therefore the increased hydroxproline excretion does not seem to be attributed to PTH. Dietary protein level, ovariectomy and estrogen treatment did not affect the weights and components of femur, scapular, and 4th vertebra. Ash/wt ratio of femur was, however, lower in ovariectomized rats and increased with estrogen treatment. Therefore, among the bones studied, femur seemed to be the most vulnerable. The results of this study shows that estrogen treatment may alleviate or reduce bone loss in postmenopausal women somewhat, especially for those people with low protein diet.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.308-318
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to develop the functionally improved winter work clothing for the Korean railroad workers. Based on the questionnaires, the sample clothing for the Korean railroad workers was produced. The design, materials, and patterns were modified to increase mobility and comfort of workers. Water-repellent treatment was added to the material in order to decrease the dirt and stains while working. Also the reflective strips were added to chest and back of the upper garment in order to increase visibility and safety of the workers. In terms of the design and pattern underarm of the sleeve and side panel of the bodice were put in together and action pleats at the back were inserted in order to decrease the pullback of the armpit and scapular area and increase mobility of the arm movement. Also the patterns of the elbows areas were modified to increase mobility of joint. The prototype was evaluated an objective assessment and subjective assessment to compare to the existing working uniform. Assessment group was consisted of 5 subject groups and 11 expert groups and evaluated external appearance and adaptability to the movements. According to the results, the prototype was evaluated better than the existing working uniform in appearance and adaptability except height of collar. A field test was conducted to compare the prototype and the existing working uniform. The field tests were performed by 6 workers in the Korean railroad. According to the results, the prototype was improved in terms of adaptability and comfort.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.186-192
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• 1998

This study was performed to evaluate the influences of the passive glenohumeral rotation on the scapulothoracic motion. We took anteroposterior radiograms of the right shoulders including the thoracic vertebrae with supine position in 10 normal male adults, at 0 degree abduction, 45 degrees abduction and 90 degrees abduction in scapular plane and in neutral rotation, maximal internal rotation and maximal external rotation in each abduction view. The scapulothoracic motion was measured as the distances between the vertical line drawn from the spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebra and the inferior and superior angles of the right scapula respectively. At 0 degree abduction, the distances were not changed in internal rotation relative to neutral rotation, but decreased significantly in external rotation, that is, the scapula shifts medially on external rotation. At 45 degrees abduction, the distances were increased significantly only in internal rotation, that is, the scapula shifts laterally on internal rotation. At 90 degrees abduction, the scapula rotated laterally on internal rotation and medially on external rotation. In conclusion, when a physician examines the rotation of the shoulder joint, he cannot exclude the scapulothoracic motion just by examining the patient with supine position. And we concluded that the rotatory movement of the shoulder is not solely contributed to the glenohumeral motion.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.230-235
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• 1998

Fractures of the scapula are relatively uncommon injuries and treatment in the vast majority of cases remains nonsurgical and the results have been quite satisfactory. But the scapular fracture itself may be neglected because of its high incidence of many kinds of associated injuries so its delayed treatment sometimes gives bad and unpredictable results. Although open reduction and internal fixation has been accepted as the treatment of choice for displaced intra-articular fractures in many anatomical regions, there has been no definite treatment principles of surgical indications and approaches in the glenohumeral joint. At our institution, II displaced intra-articular fractures of the glenohumeral joint were treated with open reduction and internal fixation from March 1993 to February 1997. This paper reports the results of treating 11 displaced intra­articular fractures of the glenoid by open reduction and internal fixation. There were 10 men and one woman and the fractures were classified according to Ideberg : Type Ⅰa(4), Type Ⅱ(3), Type Ⅲ(1), Type IV(1), Type Va(1), and Type Vc(1).

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.125-133
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of the present article is to help orthopedic surgeons better understand the function and performance of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty, and also to help them perform the most proper surgical technique for reconstruction. Materials and methods: In this article, the specific technical aspects and pitfalls of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty were reviewed in depth. Additionally, the current issues relevant to the reverse total shoulder arthroplasty such as scapular notching and restoration of active external rotation were discussed. Results and conclusion: An understanding of the biomechanics of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty and the technical details and pitfalls of its implantation are critical in order to provide the best functional outcome without increasing the risk of complications.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.11-20
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• 2020

PURPOSE: Excessive activity of the upper trapezius (UT) muscle contributes to a rounded shoulder posture (RSP) through abnormal rotation of the scapula that weakens the lower trapezius (LT) and serratus anterior (SA) muscles. This study compared the effects of two arm-lifting exercises with and without the use of a Thera-band on the activities of LT, SA, and UT muscles, and the LT/UT and SA/UT activity ratio in subjects with a rounded shoulder posture. METHODS: Sixteen subjects with RSP participated in this study. All subjects performed arm-lifting (AL), diagonal arm-lifting (DAL), arm lifting with isometric adduction (ALIA), and diagonal arm-lifting with isometric adduction (DALIA) exercises. The surface electromyography data, LT, SA, UT, and the LT/UT and SA/UT activity ratios were measured. A paired t-test was used to compare the differences between two arm-lifting exercises and two arm lifting with isometric adduction exercises. RESULTS: In ALIA and DALIA exercises, the UT muscle activity decreased significantly, whereas the LT/UT, SA/UT activity ratio increased significantly. The activity of SA muscle increased significantly more with DALIA than that with DAL. CONCLUSION: Arm-lifting exercises using a Thera-band can be implemented as an effective way to reduce the UT overactivity and increase the SA activity and LT/UT, SA/UT activity ratio in subjects with RSP.