• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.101-107
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• 2004

To ascertain the effects of hair dyeing application on the DNA damage in human lymphocytes, a mixture of permanent black colored hair dye with the same amount of oxidant containing 6% hydrogen peroxide was used. A hair dyeing with contacting the scalp (conventional dyeing) and a hair dyeing with 3 to 4mm away from the scalp (alternative dyeing) were applied to each If young healthy women. Blood was taken from the brachial vein at two sampling times, just before and 6 hours after the hair dyeing, and tail extent moment(TEM) and tail length (TL) were measured by using a comet assay. After dyeing, TL was significantly increased in both conventional dyeing group and alternative dyeing group compared with before dyeing as an average of 47% and 28%, respectively, and TL for conventional dyeing group was higher than alternative dyeing group as an average of 1.2 fold. After dyeing, TEM was significantly increased in both conventional dyeing group and alternative dyeing group compared with before dyeing as an average of 192% and 76%, respectively, and TEM for conventional dyeing group was significantly higher than alternative dyeing group as an average of 1.7 fold. Therefore, alternative dyeing application was induced to lower lymphocyte DNA damage than conventional dyeing application, and TEM was appeared to be a more sensitive tool for the measurement of lymphocyte DNA damage than TL in this study.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2009

Problems with scalp lead to hair loss, dandruff, itchiness, and other illness. No clear causes of these problems have been found and it is difficult to treat them. Therefore, the best way to prevent and treat any problems with scalp is to maintain physiological homeostasis of scalp to keep it healthy. Recently, many scalp and hair product brands have attempted to use medicinal herbs which have been extracted in hot water and mixed with other ingredients due to mass-production and standardization issues. However, many nutrients and active substances are destroyed by hot-water extraction. Therefore, this study has applied low-temperature rendering to minimize destruction of substances to extract black beans, peony, and green tea that are known to improve conditions of scalp. Then, their contribution to the improvement of scalp health was assessed. In result, it was found that low-temperature rendering retains over two times greater anti-oxidizing strengths than hot-water extraction and that the extracts from low-temperature rendering effectively strengthen follicles and hair, moisturize scalp, and prevent itchiness. Therefore, low-temperature rendered black beans, peony, and green tea extracts can be used to make effective scalp treatments.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.701-707
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• 2016

This study surveyed 150 men aged 30 to 50, a demographic which seborrheic dermatitis is common. The time of day one shampoos and recurrent fatigue were found to have a statistically significant impact on symptoms contributing to the main causes of seborrhea, including itchiness, excessive oil, acne, and redness on the scalp (p<0.01). Study results confirm lifestyle and shampoo habits, such as the frequent sense of fatigue, a routine work schedule, susceptibility to stress, the time of day one uses shampoo, and whether hair styling products are used, affects seborrheic scalp disease. This study found seborrheic scalp disease for office workers primarily resulted from shampoo habits, rashes were predominantly caused by a failure to rinse shampoo and dry hair completely, while secondary aggravating factors included irregular work schedules, recurrent tiredness, and chronic stress.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.19-29
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• 2013

Objectives : The main purpose of this study is to investigate the efficiency of Gagamchengyoung-tang (Ji$\bar{a}$ji$\check{a}$nq$\bar{i}$ngy$\acute{i}$ng-t$\bar{a}$ng) and examine the febrile tendency in the alopecia patients Methods : Of the patients who have visited Balmers Korean Medicine clinic for alopecia from December first 2012 to December 31st 2012, we enrolled 30 patients and performed heat and cold diagnosis, examine scalp and check hair density. We administrated Gagamchengyoung-tang(Ji$\bar{a}$ji$\check{a}$nq$\bar{i}$ngy$\acute{i}$ng-t$\bar{a}$ng) and acupuncture to all patients. The effect was assessed by scalp condition and hair density Results : The scalp disorder index decreased and hair density increased in alopecia patients with febrile tendency Conclusions : All patients had febrile tendency and Gagamchengyoung-Tang(Ji$\bar{a}$ji$\check{a}$nq$\bar{i}$ngy$\acute{i}$ng-t$\bar{a}$ng) can be effective in the scalp disorder and alopecia.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.216-223
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• 2020

We investigated the morphology of the scalp hair shaft from the base to the distal end of the newborn hair and the ratio of the longitudinal axis diameter of the scale exposed to the surface of the hair to the diameter of the hair by scanning electron microscopy(SEM). Neonatal hair was observed to taper from the area adjacent to the scalp toward the end of the hair. In this study, as the thickness of the hair increases, the ratio of the long axis diameter of the exposed scale becomes relatively small, but the long axis diameter of the exposed scale on the surface of the hair is similar in length regardless of the thickness of the hair. In conclusion, it was confirmed that the major axis diameter of the scales exposed to the surface of fine or thick hair does not change significantly.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.321-332
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• 1997

The dermal papilla is known to playa major role in influencing the form and dynamics of the hair follicle, which probably involves regulatory substances crossing the basal lamina. But little is known about the junctions between the dermal papilla and the surrounding epithelial cells of the hair bulb, or between the connective tissue and the epithelial cells on the outside of the hair follicle. This study was performed to identify the ultrastructural differences between dermoepidermal junction of the skin and connective tissue-epithelial junctions on the outside of the hair follicle and around the dermal papilla of normal anagen hair follicles in the human fetal scalp skin. Electron microscopic findings of dermoepidermal junction in scalp skin showed that basal lamina was very irregular and undulated, and it contained many attachment plaques of hemidesmosomes with sub-basal dense plates, tonofilaments, and anchoring filaments. Also invaginations of plasma membrane of basal keratinocytes were seen. There were clear differences both on the outside of the follicle and around the dermal papilla as compared with similar junction in the skin. In particular, neither hemidesmosomes nor tonofilaments, as seen in dermoepidermal junction, were observed in the dermal papilla. Also attachment plaque, sub-basal dense plate and anchoring filaments were not observed at the junction on the outside of the follicle and the dermal papilla. There were some differences between connective tissue-epithelial junctions on the outside of the hair follicle and around the dermal papilla, ie, smoothness of basal lamina and orthogonal arrangement of collagen fibers were seen in the outside of hair follicle, but not in the dermal papilla. These results indicate that the mechanical connection between the hair follicle and the connective tissue component is much weaker than that between the corresponding components in skin, and it reflects the dynamic processes during the anagen phase of the hair follicle compared to the relatively permanent state of the epidermis.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.161-169
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• 2011

To develop a new natural cosmetic hair care product for scalp treatment, we investigated the effect of enzyme modified (Viscozyme, Pectinex) oriental medical prescriptions on hair growth and melanogenesis. Enzyme modified oriental medical prescriptions showed the antioxidative effect, inhibitory effects on lipoxygenase activity and $5{\alpha}$-reductase activity and melanogenic activity. In human irritation test, they did not show any adverse effect. Based on these results, we suggest that enzyme modified oriental medical prescriptions may potentially be used in a cosmeceutical hair care product for scalp treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.1-13
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to compare hair and alopecia of Korean Medicine with those of western medicine. Methods : We studied relationships between hair and essense(精), qi(氣), blood(血), five vicera(五臟) and meridians(經絡) through literature review about hair and alopecia. We compared Korean medicine with western medicine on physiology of hair and treatment of alopecia based on the study. Results & Conclusion : 1. Congenital essense(先天之精) is related with genetic factor and acquired essence(後天之精) is connected with nutritional factor. Defending function of Defense qi(衛氣) is related with immune reaction and qi stagnation(氣鬱) is associated with stress reaction. Atrophy of vascular tissues observed in alopecia scalp means deep relationship between blood(血) and alopecia, further deficiency of blood can cause telogen effluvium. 2. Kidney qi(腎氣) is related with inhibiting combination of Androgen receptor and Dihydrotestosterone(DHT) or activating hair growth factior. Pi(脾) is connected with alopecia seborrheica caused by damp-heat(濕熱) and alopecia areata caused by excessive prudence(思慮過度). Heart(心) is associated with atrophy in vascular tissue of scalp and liver(肝) is connected with metabolism. 3. Armpit hair and pubic hair as secondary sex characteristics are realated with Yangming Meridian(陽明經) and beard and hair at crown part where Type II $5{\alpha}$-reductase is activated much are associated with Taiyang Meridian(太陽經). 4. Juglandis Semen pharmacopuncture and Ganoderma lucidum pharmacopucture have better effects on inhibit $5{\alpha}$-reductase than Finasteride. Minoxidil and PRP are similar with promoting blood flow and removing stasis(活血祛瘀). Seven-star needling(七星針) is similar with microneedling. 5. Alopecia can be caused by due to lack of circulation Views we need solution to improve circulation coincide in opinion with Korean Medicine and Western medicine.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.116-120
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• 2011

Purpose: Scalp avulsion is a life-threatening injury that may cause trauma to the forehead, eyebrows, and periauricular tissue. It is difficult to treat scalp avulsion as it may lead to severe bleeding. Therefore, emergency scalp replantation surgery is necessary, and we must consider the function, aesthetics, and psychology of the patients. A case of scalp avulsion leading to massive bleeding was encountered by these authors, which led to a failure to achieve the proper operation conditions in an adequate time period. Methods: A 49-year-old female was hospitalized due to having had her head caught in a rotatory machine, causing complete scalp avulsion which included the dorsum of the nose, both eyebrows, and ears. Emergent microsurgical replantation was performed, where a superficial temporal artery and a vein were anastomosed, but the patient's vital signs were too unstable for further operation due to excessive blood loss. Three days after the microanastomosis, venous congestion developed at the replanted scalp, and a medicinal leech was used. Leech therapy resolved the venous congestion. A demarcation then developed between the vitalized scalp tissue and the necrotized area. Debridement was performed 2 times on the necrotized scalp area. Finally, split-thickness skin graft with a dermal acellular matrix ($Matriderm^{(R)}$) was performed on the defective areas, which included the left temporal area, the occipital area, and both eyebrows. Results: The forehead, vertex, right temporal area, and half of the occipital area were successfully replanted, and the hair at the replanted scalp was preserved. As stated above, two-thirds of the scalp survived; the patient could cover the skin graft area with her hair, and could wear a wig. Conclusion: Complete scalp avulsion needs emergent replantation with microsurgical revascularization, but it often leads to serious vital conditions. We report a case with acceptable results, although the microanastomosed vessel was minimal due to the patient's unstable vital signs.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.342-345
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• 2007

Purpose: A common side effect of the scalp reduction is a creation of a 'slot' with the hair growing in the opposite directions away from the scar. Overcoming the unnatural appearance of the slot has been a vexing problem in the scalp reduction surgery. None of the conventional corrective surgical techniques provides a complete and satisfactory aesthetic result. The Frechet flap is a triple transposition flap used for the correction of the slot defect secondary to scalp reduction surgery, seldom needing further scar revision. The Frechet technique provides a solution to the problem of the central slot concealment that is unattainable by other means, such as; Z-plasty and mini-graft. Methods: Authors applied the Frechet technique to Asian patients who had undergone scalp reduction and operated on 4 patients from March, 2000 to January, 2001. Average follow-up period was 13 months. Patients with long scars passing through the temporoparietoccipital zone were excluded. All the undermining was performed in the subgaleal plane, reaching the upper auricular sulcus and stopping just above the nuchal ridge. Results: None of the patients experienced infection, hematoma, nor any permanent hair loss. Transient telogen effluvium at the distal end of flap 2 and 3 was noticeable in one case. Conclusion: In conclusion, the results are aesthetically satisfactory without any significant complications.