• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.75-86
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• 2017

The aerosol content dynamics in a virtual system were investigated. The outcome was extended to monitor the mean concentration diffusion of aerosols in a predefined macro and micro scale. The data set used were wind data set from the automatic weather station; satellite data set from Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer aerosol index and multi-angle imaging spectroradiometer; ground data set from Aerosol robotic network. The maximum speed of the macro scale (West Africa) was less than 4.4 m/s. This low speed enables the pollutants to acquire maximum range of about 15 km. The heterogeneous nature of aerosols layer in the West African atmosphere creates strange transport pattern caused by multiple refractivity. It is believed that the multiple refractive concepts inhibit aerosol optical depth data retrieval. It was also discovered that the build-up of the purported strange transport pattern with time has enormous potential to influence higher degrees of climatic change in the long term. Even when the African Easterly Jet drives the aerosols layer at about 10 m/s, the interacting layers of aerosols are compelled to mitigate its speed to about 4.2 m/s (macro scale level) and boost its speed to 30 m/s on the micro scale level. Mean concentration diffusion of aerosols was higher in the micro scale than the macro scale level. The minimum aerosol content dynamics for non-decaying, logarithmic decay and exponential decay particulates dispersion is given as 4, 1.4 and 0 respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.500-504
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• 2001

Sepharose CL-6B 의 기능기를 aldehyderl로 활성화시킨 후 urokinase와 공유결합 시켜 고정화하는 방법을 6mL 규모에서 250 mL 규모로 스케일업한 결과 고정화 수율 및 고정화 된 UK에 의한 절단반응 수율 등에서 스케일업 전후의 결과에 차이가 없었다. 따라서 위의 고정화 방법의 scale-up 효능은 매우 우수한 것으로 나타났다. hGH와 GST 절편으로 구성된 융합 단백질의 고정화 UK 컬럼에 의한 절단 반응 후 용출액의 pH를 3.5로 낮춤으로써 이물질들을 침전시키고 이를 expanded bed chromatography zf칼럼에 통과시킨 결과, 이 물질들의 제거와 hGH 단량체의 흡착분리가 동시에 이루어졌다. 흡착된 단량체는 NaCL에의해 용출되었으며 이 단계의 수율은 거의 100%이었다. 따라서 칼럼에 의한 절단 반응과 t산 침전에 의한 이물질 침전 바능, EBA에 의한 이물질 제거 및 단량체 회수 반응을 연속적으로 진행할 수 있는 기초를 제시하였다. 또한 고정화된 UK는 guanidine HCl(6 M)을 이용하여 unfolding 시키고 이를 세적하여 refolding 시킨 결과 20회의 반복적인 처리 후에도 초기 활성의 약 80% 수준을 유지하였다. 이는 UK 가 공유결합된 상태에서 solid-phase refolding이 가능하다는 증거이며, 고정화 효소 칼럼의 수명을 크게 향상시켜 경제성을 확보하는 방안으로 이용될 것으로 기대된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제60권10호
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• pp.312-319
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• 2017

Purpose: To evaluate the usefulness of the Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) for infants and children for developmental delay assessment. Methods: This study was based on retrospective studies of the results of the K-DST, Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES), Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, and extensive tests conducted in 209 of 1,403 patients, of whom 758 underwent the K-DST at the Korea University Guro Hospital between January 2015 and December 2016 and 645 were referred from local clinics between January 2015 and June 2016. Results: Based on the K-DST results, the male children significantly more frequently required further or follow-up examination than the female children in most test sections, except for gross motor. The male children had notably lower mean scores than the female children. The PRES/SELSI results showed that when more further or follow-up evaluations were required in the K-DST communication section, significantly more problems in language delay or disorder emerged. When further or follow-up evaluation was required in the cognitive section in the CARS/M-CHAT, the possibility of autism increased significantly. A child tended to score low in the CARS test and show autism when further or follow-up evaluation was recommended in the K-DST. Conclusion: This study demonstrated the usefulness of the K-DST as a screening test early in the development of infants and children in Korea. Data of normal control groups should be examined to determine the accuracy of this investigation.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2020

Purpose: Hallux valgus (HV) is a common foot deformity that causes pain in the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Distal metatarsal osteotomies are commonly performed as a treatment. This retrospective study compared the clinical and radiological results of bioabsorbable magnesium (Mg) versus titanium (Ti) screw fixation for modified distal chevron osteotomy in HV. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine patients, who underwent modified distal chevron osteotomy for HV in 2018 and 2019, were reviewed retrospectively. Bioabsorbable Mg screw fixation was applied in 20 patients (22 feet), and a traditional Ti compression screw was applied in 29 patients (40 feet). The patients were followed up for at least six months. The clinical results were evaluated using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society hallux metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal (AOFAS-MTP-IP) scale and a visual analogue scale (VAS). The hallux valgus angle (HVA), intermetatarsal angle (IMA), and distal metatarsal articular angle (DMAA) were measured before, after surgery, and at the six months follow-up. Results: The AOFAS-MTP-IP scale and VAS points were improved in both groups, with no significant difference between them. At the six-month follow-up, HVA, IMA, and DMAA were similar. Bone union was confirmed in both groups, and there were no significant major complications in both groups. Four people in the Ti screw group underwent implant removal surgery. Conclusion: Bioabsorbable Mg screws showed comparable clinical, radiologic results to Ti standard screws six months after distal modified chevron osteotomy. These screws are an alternative fixation material that can be used safely and avoid the need for implant removal operations.

• 대한족부족관절학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2021

Purpose: This study sought to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of the shortening effect of the modified Weil osteotomy for the treatment of Freiberg's disease. Materials and Methods: We reviewed 21 cases treated with the modified Weil osteotomy for Freiberg's disease from November 2005 to June 2019. The average follow-up period was 32.5 months and the mean age of the patients was 38.3 years. The clinical results were analyzed using the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) lesser metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scale, the visual analogue scale (VAS), and the range of motion (ROM) of the metatarsophalangeal joint. In the radiologic evaluation, the length of preoperative and postoperative metatarsal shortening was compared. Results: The average AOFAS lesser metatarsophalangeal-interphalangeal scale showed an improvement from 60.5 preoperatively to 90.9 at the latest follow-up. VAS showed a decrease from 5.4 preoperatively to 0.9 at the latest follow-up. ROM of the affected metatarsophalangeal joint increased from 40.2 degrees preoperatively to 58.6 degrees at the latest follow-up. The mean length of metatarsal shortening was 6.7 mm. There was no transfer metatarsalgia, osteonecrosis, and definite joint space narrowing. Conclusion: Modified Weil osteotomy with second layer cutting is an effective treatment option to restore the joint surface and painless joint motion for patients with Freiberg's disease.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was undertaken to identify the effects of apparatus Pilates exercise on Cobb's angle, angle of trunk rotation, and depression in female patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Methods: Participants included five patients with idiopathic scoliosis presenting with Cobb's angle of 10 degrees or more. Among the single-subject experimental research designs, the reversal (ABA) design was selected and performed. The apparatus Pilates exercise was performed for a total of 16 weeks, comprising 8 weeks between the baseline and intervention 1 period and 8 weeks between intervention 1 and intervention 2 periods. The patients were then followed up for 5 weeks. Results: In all subjects, compared to the baseline, Cobb's angle and the angle of trunk rotation decreased after application of the apparatus Pilates exercise. The follow-up period also showed a similar continuous decline. Following the apparatus Pilates exercise, the depression scale in subject 3 was increased during the intervention 1 period as compared to the baseline. However, the patient displayed a reduced depression scale in intervention 2 and follow-up periods. The depression scale in all other subjects was decreased for both intervention periods and the follow-up period. Conclusion: The application of apparatus Pilates exercise improves Cobb's angle and the angle of trunk rotation for female patients with idiopathic scoliosis in their 10s and 20s. Our results also indicate that this is potentially an effective intervention method to overcome depression.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

Background: In the stroke patients with the characteristics of hemiplegic gait, turning direction of the affected and unaffected side influences turning time. Therefore, it is important to investigate the walking response to turning directions in stroke patients. Objects: This study aimed to measure the walking time while turning direction in hemiplegic patients depending on balance ability measured by Berg Balance Scale. Methods: A group of forty-five subjects with stroke (Berg Balance Scale score${\geq}46$ were twenty-eight, Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}45$ were seventeen) were enrolled in this study. Subjects were asked to perform the Timed Up and Go test. Testing indications included two directions for turning in each subject. These indications were for turning toward the affected and unaffected side in stroke patients. The duration of total analysis duration, sit to stand phase, stand to sit phase, mid-turning phase, and end turning phase were recorded. The obtained data were analyzed by using paired t-test and Wilcoxon signed rank test in the group that are below and above 45 points of Berg Balance Scale score. The significance level was set at ${\alpha}=.05$. Results: There were significant increase time in the analysis duration and end turning phase duration while subjects were turned the unaffected side in stroke patients that presented a Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}45$ (p<.05). However, the comparison between the affected side and the unaffected side in the stroke patients with Berg Balance Scale score${\geq}46$, revealed no significant differences of the measured parameters. Conclusion: This finding should be suggested in the specific definition of turning direction for evaluation with Timed Up and Go test in the Berg Balance Scale score${\leq}45$, and other intervention for hemiplegic patients need to be suggested the direction of turning during walking training program.

• 대한기계학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한기계학회 2004년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.1592-1597
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• 2004

Experimental studies were carried out to confirm the turbulent enhancement of the cooling system of nuclear reactor by large scale vortex generation in nuclear fuel rod bundle. The large scale vortex motions were generated by rearranging the inclination angles of mixing vanes to the coordinate directions. Experimental studies were carried out at Reynolds Number 60,000 with hydraulic condition. Normal variations of mean velocity and turbulent intensity in the rod bundle subchannel were measured by the 2-color LDV measurement system. The turbulence generated by split mixing vanes has small length scales so that they maintain only about 10DH after the spacer grid. On the other hand, the turbulences generated by the large scale vortex continue more and remain up $25D_{H}$ after the spacer grid.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2005년도 추계 학술발표회 제17권2호
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• pp.177-180
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• 2005

The specified tensile strength provided by the manufacturer is determined on the basis of the reliable lower limit ($X-3{\sigma}$ : X=average tensile strength, $\sigma$=standard deviation) obtained from the material test results. Most of these data, however, are based on the test results of 1 layer of FRP sheet. Also, the partial strength reduction factor for strengthening RC members with FRP is based on the small-scale model tests. But, the failure mechanisms of small-scale model tests are reported to be different from those of the full-scale tests. This paper present the test results of full-scale RC beams strengthened with multi-layer GFRP sheets up to 3 layer as well as the material tests. From the material tests, it was observed that the average tensile strengths of GFRP sheets are decreased as the number of layer are increased. Also the premature debonding failure of RC beams strengthened with multi-layer GFRP sheets are observed in inverse proportion to the number of GFRP sheets

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2018년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.66-67
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• 2018

Large-scale construction projects require various license and technologies for the manufacturing and handling processes. Also, the whole life cycle business process management determines the success of the project. Then, the efficiency of the business conducted by stakeholders and their possessed technology should be enhanced in order to strengthen their competitive power. For this reason, many experts pointed out to focus on the improvement of the life cycle process and efficient management. Since it is very important to keep up-to-date data and utilize it for work during the long-term project to reflect changes in the large-scale project, the most important part of the project management in project is information change management. Therefore, the objective of this study is applying configuration management(CM) technique in order to managing change data generated for planning in early phase. The result of this research will certainly assist the large-scale project managers in the development of information change management system.