• 대한교통학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.85-94
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• 2005

물류시스템의 규모 및 운영상태는 물류시설에서의 화물차량 도착특성 및 하역서비스 능력에 의해 결정되는 교통강도(TI: Traffic Intensity)의 변화에 따라서 민감하게 변화된다. 구체적으로, 물류시스템 운영에 있어서 주요결정요인이 되는 교통강도는 연구 대상기간에 따라 변동되고 교통강도의 작은 변동에 의해서도 물류비용의 변화폭이 상당히 크다고 밝혀져 있다. 그러나, 현재의 물류시스템을 운영함에는 이러한 사항들이 고려되지 못하고 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 물류시설을 운영함에 따라 불필요하게 발생할 수 있는 초과물류비용이 최소가 되도록 하는 최적의 교통강도를 대기행렬모델을 이용하여 찾아내고자 하였다. 이를 위해서 최적 교통강도 결정모델을 구축하고, 이를 검증하기 위하여 부산에 입지하고 있는 Off-Dock 컨테이너 터미널을 대상으로 컨테이너 차량 유출입 현황자료와 터미널 운영실태 자료를 수집하였다. 이를 기초로 대기비용과 운영비용이 서로 상쇄될 수 있는 최적의 교통강도를 정량적으로 찾아 낼 수 있었다. 또한, 구해진 교통강도를 통하여 현재 물류시설의 운영을 개선할 수 있는 방안을 도착시각 제어와 관련하여 그 효과에 대해 고찰하였다.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.97-105
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• 2009

물류표준화는 표준화에 따른 비용절감 및 효율성 제고 등으로 인해 산업 부문뿐만 아니라 국민경제에 미치는 영향이 지대할 것으로 예상된다. 따라서 세계 각국은 물류부문의 글로벌 표준화를 선도하기 위하여 국가별로 다양한 노력을 기울이고 있으나 우리나라에서는 아직까지 물류 분야의 표준화가 본격적으로 추진되고 있지 않은 실정이다. 또한 물류표준화의 효과를 측정하는 연구가 미흡한 실정이며, 특히 물류표준화의 근간이 되는 파렛트 표준화의 효과평가 및 평가척도 개발에 대한 연구는 현재까지 전무한 실정이다. 물류표준화가 시행되기 위해서는 우선 표준화의 필요성 및 그에 따른 효과를 명확히 제시해야 할 필요가 있다. 이를 위해 물류표준화의 효과 측정 및 효과 평가방법을 명확히하여 물류표준화의 효과를 정량적으로 제시하여야 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 일관수송 중심의 물류표준화의 근간이 되는 일관수송용 파렛트 표준화의 효과평가방안에 대해 살펴보고, 표준화에 따른 효과를 평가하기 위해 효과평가척도(MOE)를 선정하였다. 효과평가척도 선정을 위해 우선 예비효과평가척도를 선정하였는데, 그 결과 차량적재율 수 배송 비용 창고보관효율 창고 자동화율 상 하역 소요인력 등 12개의 척도가 선정되었다. 이와 같이 선정된 예비효과평가척도를 이용하여 전문가 평가와 업체 대상 응답가능성 조사 결과를 바탕으로 최종 효과평가척도를 선정한 결과 차량/트럭 적재율 창고보관 효율 상 하역 시간, 포장비용 비중, 일관수송 비율이 파렛트 표준화에 따른 효과평가를 위한 척도로 선정되었다.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.443-450
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• 2009

목적: 기존의 영상 재구성은 간소화된 투사 물리 모델을 사용하고 있다. 하지만 3D 재구성과 같은 실제적인 물리 모델은 시간이 많이 걸려서 임상에서 모든 데이터에 적용하기 힘들고, 복잡한 물리모델을 설명하기 위해 큰 메모리를 사용하면 한대의 일반적인 재구성 머신으로는 불가능하다. 개인 컴퓨터들에서도 큰 규모의 기술을 가능하게 하기위해, 병렬 연산을 이용한 빠른 재구성의 현실적인 분산메모리 모델을 제시한다. 대상 및 방법: 실제로 구현하는 가능성을 보기 위해 가상 컴퓨터들을 이용하여 선행 연구를 진행하였고, 다양한 가능성을 테스트하기 위해 상용서비스를 하고 있는 슈퍼컴퓨터(Tachyon)에서 성능 테스트를 하였다. 가장 많이 사용되는 2D 투사 영상과 실제적인 물리 모델인 3D 응답라인을 이용한 기댓값 최대화 알고리즘을 테스트하였다. 스터디 중 특정 반복횟수 이후에 속도가 최대 6배까지 느려지는 현상이 발견되어 컴파일러 최적화를 통해 병렬 효율의 극대화를 꾀하였다. 결과: Linux에서 MPICH와 NFS를 이용하여, 여러 컴퓨터에서 하나의 프로그램으로 분산 연산이 가능하였다. 병렬 연산을 했을 때 동일한 반복 연산에서 재구성된 영상간의 차이가 실수의 유효숫자(6bit) 정도임을 확인하였다. 2배의 연상장치를 사용했을 때 1.96배의 좋은 병렬화 효율을 보여주었다. 반복 연산 횟수가 증가함에 따라 느려지는 현상은 SSE를 이용한 Vectorization 방법을 사용했을 때 해결할 수 있었다. 결론: 이번 연구를 통해 일반 컴퓨터들을 이용한 현실적인 병렬 컴퓨터 시스템을 구성하여, 작은 메모리의 단일 일반 컴퓨터로는 불가능한 간단화 할 수 없는 복잡한 물리 과정도 영상 재구성 방법에 사용 가능하게 되었다.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2011년도 추계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.39.2-39.2
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• 2011

The new and renewable energy today has a great interest in all countries around the world. In special it has need more limit of the fossil fuel that needs of low carbon emission among the social necessary conditions. Recently, the high-rise building demand the structural safety, the economic feasibility and the functional design. The high-rise building spends enormous energy and it satisfied the design in solving energy requirements. The requirements of energy for the building depends on the partly form wind energy due to the cladding of the building that came from the surroundings of the high-rise building. In this study of the wind energy, the cladding of the building was assessed a tentative study. The wind energy obtains from several small wind powers that came from the building or the surrounding of the building. In making a cladding the wind energy forms with wind pressure by means of energy transformation methods. The assessment for the building cladding was surrounded of wind speed and wind pressure that was carried out as a result of numerical simulation of wind environment and wind pressure which is coefficient around the high-rise building with the computational fluid dynamics. In case of the obtained wind energy from the pressure of the building cladding was estimated by the simulation of CFD of the building. The wind energy at this case was calculated by energy transform methods: the wind pressure coefficients were obtained from the simulated model for wind environment using CFD as follow. The concept for the factor of $E_f$ was suggested in this study. $$C_p=\frac{P_{surface}}{0.5{\rho}V^{2ref}}$$ $$E_c=C_p{\cdot}E_f$$ Where $C_p$ is wind pressure coefficient from CFD, $E_f$ means energy transformation parameter from the principle of the conservation of energy and $E_c$ means energy from the building cladding. The other wind energy that is $E_p$ was assessed by wind power on the building or building surroundings. In this case the small wind power system was carried out for wind energy on the place with the building and it was simulated by computational fluid dynamics. Therefore the total wind energy in the building was calculated as the follows. $$E=E_c+E_p$$ The energy transformation, which is $E_f$ will need more research and estimation for various wind situation of the building. It is necessary for the assessment to make a comparative study about the wind tunnel test or full scale test.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.149-162
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• 2008

미국농무성에서 토양과 토지이용 특성을 고려한 대규모 유역의 유출해석과 토양침식량 및 비점오염원 부하를 해석하기 위해 개발한 SWAT 모델을 대청댐 유역에 적용하여 토지이용 특성별 토양침식량을 산정하였다. 연구결과는 저수지관리자와 정책입안자들에게 저수지 탁수문제를 완화하기 위한 유역관리 대안의 효율성을 평가하는데 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 유출과 토양 유실량 산정에 영향을 미치는 주요한 매개변수들을 보정한 후, 모델은 실측 연간 유출성분과 월별 유황변화를 비교적 잘 예측하였다. 모의결과, 토지 이용별 단위면적당 토양침식량은 밭이 33.1 ton/ha/yr로 가장 많았으며, 임야는 수목의 종류에 따라 $2.3{\sim}5.4ton/ha/yr$, 도시지역 1.0 ton/ha/yr, 논 0.1 ton/ha/yr의 순으로 나타났다. 토지이용면적 가중 연간 토양침식량 산정결과, 밭은 유역전체 면적에서 차지하는 비율이 단지 10% 정도에 해당하지만 연간 총 토양침식량의 55.3%를 차지하는 것으로 나타났다. 비록 본 연구에서 적용한 토양침식량 산정 방법에 농작물의 종류와 경작형태에 대한 구체적인 정보를 포함하지 못하는 불확실성이 내재되어 있으나, 연구결과는 최소한 저수지의 탁수문제를 완화하기 위해서는 상류 유역의 토양침식 조절대책이 필요함을 시사하며, 유역의 점유율에 비해 토양침식에 기여도가 가장 큰 밭농사 지역에 대한 토양침식 억제 대책을 우선 실시하는 것이 가장 효율적일 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.9-17
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of depressive/anxiety symptoms with psychosocial factors including ego resilience, social conflict, and social support as well as hemoglobin A1c in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Methods : The subjects were 144 patients with DM. Depressive/anxiety symptoms were evaluated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Sociodemographic factors, hemoglobin A1c, ego resilience, social conflict, and social support were measured. Multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the impact of hemoglobin A1c, ego resilience, social conflict, and social support on depressive/anxiety symptoms. Results : A total of 32.6% and 24.3% of participants were identified with depressive and anxiety symptoms, respectively. Depressive/anxiety symptoms positively correlated with the social conflict score. Conversely, ego resilience and social support negatively correlated with depressive/anxiety symptoms. In the final model of the multiple regression analyses, ego resilience was associated with a lower level of depressive (β=-0.083, p=0.019)/anxiety (β=-0.125, p=0.001) symptoms whereas social conflict was related to a higher level of depressive (β=0.353, p=0.011)/anxiety (β=0.460, p=0.003) symptoms. Also, hemoglobin A1c positively associated with anxiety symptoms (β=0.495, p=0.012) whereas social support negatively related to depressive symptoms (β=-0.464, p=0.004). Conclusion : We found possible risk and protective psychosocial factors of underlying depressive/anxiety symptoms among patients with DM. Our findings suggest that enhancing ego resilience and social support as well as decreasing social conflict would be crucial in the prevention and management of depressive/anxiety symptoms in patients with DM.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.87-114
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• 1996

본 논문은 영남지역의 발전과정과 주민들의 삶의 질을 고찰하고 앞으로 발전전망 및 그 과제들을 모색하기 위해 수행된 연구의 후편(後篇)이다. 최근 국가적 및 세계적 규모로 전개되고 있는 경제 정치적 전환에 따라, 영남지역을 포함하여 우리나라의 모든 도시 지역들은 발전을 위한 내 외적 여건들의 변화과정을 겪고 있다. 각 지역들은 이러한 여건변화를 면밀히 검토하여 지역발전을 위한 장기적 전망과 목표를 설정하고 이를 실현시키기 위한 계획과 개발전략들을 입안 시행할 것이 요구되고 있다. 이러한 점에서, 본 논문은 영남지역의 발전 여전을 재검토하고 대안적 개발계획을 제시하는데 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 본 논문은 우선 우선 영남지역의 발전을 규정하고 있는 여건들의 변화를 각 측면별로 살펴보고, 영남지역에서 현재 추진되고 있는 개발계획의 현황과 의의 및 문제점을 검토한 후, 영남지역 발전 방향에 지침이 될 수 있는 대안적 지역발전모형과 지역사회 각 분야별 발전과제를 논의하고, 끝으로 영남지역 발전을 위한 구체적 개발계획을 분야별 및 권역별로 제시하고자 했다. 본 연구의 결과로, 영남지역은 사회공간적으로 균형된 발전 즉 한편으로 지역간및 전체 사회와의 유기적 관계 속에서 지역의 경제적 자립성 강화와 다른 한편으로 지역내 주민들의 인간다운 삶을 위한 사회적 제도 개선을 동시에 추구하는 계획을 수립 시행해야 할 것이 주장된다.

• 지역연구
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.79-91
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• 1995

As an exit to solve the economic depression of the development countries in the early twentieth century, the 'old international division of labor' developed. The economic crisis(i.e., under-consumption crisis) was due to the absence of the mode of regulation compatible with the extensive regime of accumulation(i.e., "Fordist" regime). The crisis was solved by the state intervention through the creation on institutions in order to increase the level of consumption. Until the late 1960s when "high Fordism" reached(i.e., a harmonious relation between the monopoly mode of regulation and the intensive accumulation of capital), the developed core countries enjoyed a remarkable economic growth. The external market was not a necessity for the economic growth because there were increases in labor productivity and proportional increases in real wages and thus increases in consumption level. In the 1970s, however, the core faced with economic crisis again. Due to the breakdown of the postwar "Fordist" regime of capital accumulation and the post 1973 world depression, the core needed the Third World as a solution for their internal and international economic crisis. Thus the 'new international division of labor'(NIDL) arose. The "Fordist" method of production(i.e., the divisions of production process) led to the territorial division of labor and to the detailed division of labor. The aim of the NIDL is to exploit reserve armies of labor on a world scale and thus to reduce production costs. According to the NIDL model, the Third World countries have been developing by the core countries' investment on mainly labor-intensive industries and thus have been playing an important role in the global economy. And the NIDL theorists argue that multinational corporations have increasingly invested in the Third World nations and contributed to the economic growth in those regions. Tables presented in the paper show that the global trend since the 1970s does not follow the argument exactly as the NIDL theorists predicted. On the contrary, the core countries focus on developing technology, adopting the automation of production process, and trading within the core countries rather than on investing in the periopheral countries. The continuing investment of multinational corporations into the periphery is not because of cheap labor force but because of the market potentials in the regions. Majority of corporations of the core tries to reduce production costs by investing in technological development more intensively and also by changing regional strategies (i.E., investment from metropolitan areas to medium - or small - size cities, focusing on agglomeration economy, boosting regional diversification, etc.) within their own countries. The main purpose of the paper is to review and to criticize the NIDL theory based on some empirical data.IDL theory based on some empirical data.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.1037-1048
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• 2010

Objectives : The awareness of health care need increasing attention from the public along with changing professional human-resources activity. As there are increasing social demand for the roles and professionalism of dental hygienists, the purpose of this study was to examine the job performance, creativity and organizational climate of dental hygienists by their own self-diagnostic evaluation in an attempt to help enhance their work ability. Methods : According to the data released as August 2008 by the Dental Association and public health centers in Gwangju, 735 dental hygienists worked at 425 dental clinics. The subjects in this study were 156 dental hygienists at 85 dental clinics who were selected by proportionate sampling method from among the dental hygienists. After an interview survey was conducted in person, the answer sheets from 132 respondents were analyzed except 24 incomplete ones. The questionnaire used in this study consisted of 49 items. A five-point Likert scale was used and SPSS 12.0 program was analyzed the data. Results : 1. As a result of checking the types of works, treatment cooperation(54%), and oral health education often(45%), They weren't responsible for preventive treatment(42%). 2. When they made a self-diagnostic evaluation of creativity and organizational climate, they put the highest value on their autonomy(2.21), followed by positive attitude(2.10). Out of seven organizational climate, challenging spirits(2.81) ranked highest, followed by reliability(2.66). 3. Major management eopmubyeol individual creativity compared with three business relationships and a positive attitude in the case of the high group received oral health education and care management services in a group doing the most was General office work and office assistance work in the medical assistance group that was doing business primarily. 4. In the relationship between self-assesment score and three performance duties, Positive difference was noted in the group with positive attitude and elevated autonomy in terms of performing oral health education. Conclusions : As a result, individual creativity and organization of the atmosphere, each detail, through analysis of the self-assessment model, developed guide on the investigation by doing a dental hygienist, a unique business promotion and Enlargement of the study suggested the need to be considered is.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.205-217
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to provide information on the development of an oral-health promotion program geared toward office workers. The subjects in this study were 240 employees at the headquarters of S construction company. After a survey was conducted in July and August 2008, the answer sheets from 208 respondents were gathered, and 191 answer sheets were analyzed except 17 unanalyzable ones. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. In regard to subjective oral health status, the largest number of the participants that accounted for 37.2% found their mouth to be neither healthy nor unhealthy. The greatest number of them that represented 58.1% had never visited a dentist's office to receive preventive treatment. 2. Regarding relationship between toothbrushing education experience and toothbrushing frequency, the most common toothbrushing frequency was three times a day( 46.5%) among the company employees who had ever received that education. In the event of the office workers without that experience, the most prevalent frequency was three times(63.6%). The toothbrushing frequency was statistically significantly different according to the toothbrushing education experience(p<0.05). As to the relationship of toothbrushing education experience to tooth- brushing method, the largest number(48.2%) of those who had ever received that education brushed their upper and lower teeth along with the gums by rotating the toothbrush downward from the top and upward from the bottom respectively. In the event of the office workers without that experience, 49.4 percent brushed their teeth and gums by rotating the toothbrush up and down. Thus, whether they had ever received education about toothbrushing made a statistically significant difference to their toothbrushing method(p<0.05). 3. As a result of evaluating their oral health belief by utilizing a five-point scale, they got a mean of 2.95. In each area of oral health belief, they got the best marks in benefit(3.66), salience(3.42), barrier(2.84), susceptility(2.58) and seriousness(2.23). Given the above-mentioned finding of the study, two sorts of oral health beliefs, which are benefit and salience, should be stressed in the development of oral health education programs that cater to company employees. And sustained research efforts should be channeled into finding out the relationship between oral health and actual oral health care.