• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 한국경영과학회/대한산업공학회 2003년도 춘계공동학술대회
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• pp.683-690
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• 2003

This purpose of this research is an attempt to measure and comparatively analyze the efficiencies and RTS(Returns to Scale) using panel data of OECD countries including Korea. In order to achieve this purpose, at first this study used efficient production frontier estimation combined with DEA for obtaining parameter estimates of a efficient production frontier. secondly using estimated results, measured R&D productivity and RTS(Returns to Scale) on all of the OECD countries. thirdly using time-series data related to R&D activity of korea, measured R&D productivity and RTS(Returns to Scale). Finally based on the results of R&D productivity and RTS(Returns to Scale) using efficient production frontier, some policy implications for enhancing the R&D competitiveness and the technological capabilities are discussed.

• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• 제38권
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• pp.377-408
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• 2008

Globalization of R&D activities of multinational firms is becoming important in compared with the past, because of increasing globalization of world economy. So, every country tries to attract foreign investment including R&D activities. In this paper, effects of several factors, which determine the scale of foreign subsidiary's R&D activities in local market, are analyzed. Through the review of previous literature, I found that three groups of determinant factors. The first one is the factor which is related to characteristics of local market, such as competitive situation of local market, accessability to research institutions, etc. The second group is the factor which is related to relationship between foreign subsidiary and its mother company. The dominant factors of this group are operation strategy of foreign subsidiary, competitiveness of mother firm, and equity structure of foreign subsidiary. Finally the characteristics of industry affect to the scale of foreign subsidiary's R&D activities. Among these factors, 6 factors are chosen to investigate empirically. For the empirical investigation, 107 foreign subsidiaries among KOITA(Korea Industrial Technology Association)'s list are chosen. Each subsidiary has more than 50% of foreign equity and implement R&D activities in Korea. The results show that sales volume of foreign subsidiary is dominant influencing factor in determining scale of R&D activities in Korean market. And also I found that currently established firms are implementing more R&D activities than old established firms. This is quite interesting finding. However, R&D activities of foreign subsidiary are not vitalized in Korean market. It probably means that Korean government and Korean business partners have to make effort to enhance foreign firms/ R&D activities, because it could contribute technological and economic development of Korean market.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors determining the participation restriction of chronic stroke patients based on international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) model. Sixty-eight stroke patients participated. The participants were assessed participation restriction using the Korean version of London handicap scale (K-LHS), modified Barthel index (K-MBI) to measure activities of daily living, Berg balance scale (K-BBS) to assess balance, and the center for epidemiologic studies depression (K-CES-D) to gauge depression. Also, 3 minutes walking test (3MWT), gait velocity, asymmetric posture, and family support were assessed. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to explore the factors determining participation restriction. There were no significant different in the K-LHS and K-MBI results by gender (p>.05). Correlations between the K-LHS and K-MBI (r=-.656), K-BBS (r=-.543), K-CES-D (r=.266), 3MWT (r=-.363), gait velocity (r=.348), and family support (r=-.389) were significant (p<.05). Also, the K-MBI and family support were the factors that determined participation restriction (p<.05) and that 40.2% of the variation in the K-LHS can be explained. Therefore, it is suggested that evaluation and intervention of patient's activity level and extent of family support is necessary to reduce participation restriction of chronic stroke patients.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.98-101
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• 1992

Continuous production of fructo-oligosaccharides employing a packed bed reactor charged with immobilized cells of Aureobasidium pullulans was investigated. The optimum conditions for reactor operation were a feed concentration of 860 g/l; a feed rate, expressed as superficial space velocity of $0.2\;h^{-1}$, and a temperature of $50^\circ{C}$. Under these optimum conditions, the productivity of the reactor was $180\;g/l\cdot{h}$. Initial activity was maintained for more than 100 days. The reactor was successfully scaled up to a production scale of 1000l.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 해양환경안전학회 2006년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.119-123
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• 2006

Finding out the exact location of survivors in short period of time is critical to conduct rescue activity successfully in oceans. Current technology with natural circumstances limits the activity that our efforts come along. R&D Center housed at Korea Coast Guard (KCG) has developed the system named "RFID for Life jacket" which enables us to access the location of persons under distressed situation. The RFID has been widely known as state-of-art technology to monitor the location even in inland or in ocean. Composed of tag, antenna. reader and middleware, RFID is attached to attached to a life jacket that people usually wears in recreational activity. By conducting experiments in pilot-scale several times, successful results showing 96.7% of transmission within 3.5km in diameter were produced. This study explains the routes of experiments to reach the goal and expected results coming from this accomplishments.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.170-177
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• 2017

Purpose: This study was to identify factors influencing the quality of sleep in elderly women with urinary incontinence and examine the relationship among the factors. Methods: The study investigated 113 elderly women with urinary incontinence who were subject to the visiting care program at health centers in D-gu, D-si, South Korea. The collected data were analyzed using IBM SPSS version 19.0 along with ${\chi}^2-test$, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and multiple regression. Results: The total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) of the participants was found to be $11.41{\pm}4.34$. As a result of the correlation analysis, PSQI was found to have significant correlations with Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (BFLUTS) (r= .32, p< .001). The Korean version of Physical Activity Scale for Elderly (K-PASE) was (r= -.34, p< .001) and the Geriatric Depression Scale Short Form (GDS-SF) was (r= .23, p= .012). Multiple regression analysis found sleeping pill use (${\beta}=-.35$, p< .001) had the strongest influence on PSQI, followed by physical activity (${\beta}=-.20$, p< .001), depression (${\beta}=.20$, p< .001), and lower urinary tract symptoms (${\beta}=.19$, p< .001). The total model explanatory power was 28.3% (F= 12.07, p< .001). Conclusion: The study findings are expected to be useful for enhanced understanding of the quality of sleep in elderly women with urinary incontinence.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.178-185
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was done to investigate the relationship between depression, self-care activity and $HbA_1c$ in clients with type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM) clients. Method: This was a cross sectional descriptive study and data were collected between October 4 and 27, 2006 using a questionnaire. The participants were inpatients and outpatients with type-2 diabetes being seen in one of two hospitals. The questionnaire included general as well as disease related characteristics, a depression scale (CES-D), and the self-care activity scale developed by Kim (1996). $HbA_1c$ was obtained from medical records. Results: There were 50 men (41.7%) and 70 women (58.3%). The mean scores for depression and self-care activity were $18.22{\pm}10.03$ and 3.51, respectively. Almost half of the Participants (46.7%) had an $HbA_1c$ greater than 7%. Self-care activity was negatively correlated with depression (r=-.436, p=0.00) and $HbA_1c$ (r=-.269, p=0.03). Depression was positively correlated with $HbA_1c$ (r=-.325, p=0.00). Participants who had diabetes education showed a significantly lower level of $HbA_1c$ than the group who had never had diabetes education. Conclusions: It is Important to make ensure that patients with diabetes have education on diabetes mellitus and to screen and manage depression as part of the care for these patients.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.658-685
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• 2016

In technology economic theory, technology innovation through R&D is regarded as a core element of economic growth. This research analyzes how R&D input factor (R&D as a percentage of GDP, total number of researchers, the proportion of science and engineering degree) affects GDP, economic outcome variable, through mediating variable (S&T papers, patent registration). The most effective variable among R&D activity variables is following order: the number of S&T papers (0.967), the total number of researchers (0.373), the proportion of R&D expenditure (0.191), the number of patent registration (0.049), the proportion of science and engineering degree (0.007). It is that the proportion R&D expenditure and the total number of researchers shows greater indirect impact through S&T papers and patent than the direct impact on GDP. This implies the importance of high-quality human resources training and the necessity of maintaining the scale of R&D fund or the importance on GDP. Moreover, S&T papers turns out to have the greatest effect on GDP and implies new outcome and value by sharing and expanding new knowledge and technology created by R&D

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2005

Purpose: This study was to identify the relations among health-promoting behaviors. self-esteem and depression in the vulnerable elderly in an urban community. Method: The subjects were 185 vulnerable elderly adults aged over 65 in D city, who were selected through convenience sampling. Data were collected by a questionnaire survey. The tools used in this study are the HPLP developed by Walker(1987), the Self-esteem Scale developed by Rosenberg (1965), and the Geriatric Depression Scale developed by Yesavage & Brink(1983). Collected data were analyzed with the SAS program using descriptive statistics. Pearson's correlation coefficient, t-test, ANOVA, Duncan's multiple-range test and stepwise multiple regression. Result: Self-esteem and depression was in a negative correlation with each other (r=-0.21), but no significant correlation was observed between HPB and depression. HPB and self-esteem were in a positive correlation with each other (r=0.38). The most powerful predictor of depression was self-esteem and, next, leisure activity and the type of family living together. The three factors accounted for 41.1% of the variance in depression in the vulnerable elderly. Conclusion: These results suggest that self-esteem, leisure activity, and the type of family living together can be potential risk factors for old age depression. These findings may give useful information for developing visiting nursing service programs focused on depression in the vulnerable elderly.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.110-117
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• 2008

Three kinds of prenylated flavonols, icariside I, icariside II, and icaritin, were isolated from an icariin hydrolysate and their effects on melanogenesis evaluated based on mushroom tyrosinase inhibition and quantifying the melanin contents in melanocytes. Although none of the compounds had an effect on tyrosinase activity, icariside II and icaritin both effectively inhibited the melanin contents with an $IC_{50}$ of 10.53 and $11.13{\mu}M$, respectively. Whereas icariside II was obtained from a reaction with ${\beta}$-glucosidase and cellulase, the icariin was not completely converted into icariside II. Thus, for the high-purity production of icariside II, the reaction was optimized using the response surface methodology, where an enzyme concentration of 5.0mg/ml, pH 7, $37.5^{\circ}C$, and 8 h reaction time were selected as the central conditions for the central composite design (CCD) for the enzymatic hydrolysis of icariin into icariside II using cellulase. Empirical models were developed to describe the relationships between the operating factors and the response (icariside II yield). A statistical analysis indicated that all four factors had a significant effect (p<0.01) on the icariside II production. The coefficient of determination $(R^2)$ was good for the model (0.9853), and the optimum production conditions for icariside II was an enzyme concentration of 7.5mg/ml, pH 5, $50^{\circ}C$, and 12 h reaction time. A good agreement between the predicted and experimental data under the designed optimal conditions confirmed the usefulness of the model. A laboratory pilot scale was also successful.