• 성인간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.111-122
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• 2011

Purpose: The aim on this study was to establish the validity, reliability and efficiency of a Pain Self-Report Scale for elderly with dementia and compare these results with an observational pain rating scale. Methods: Study subjects were 136 elderly with dementia who were residents in a nursing home, geriatric hospital, or day care center. The subject's pain was measured by five self-report scales and observational scale. DS-DAT (discomfort scale-dementia of the Alzheimer's type) was used for pain behavior observational measure. Cognitive state was assessed using the MMSE (Mini-Mental State Examination). Results: Observational rating correlated moderately with self-report (r=.225~.585, p<.05) and tended to underestimate pain intensity. Test-retest reliability was high for all five self-report scales, and the correlation between these scales was very strong (r=.735~.856, p<.05). Comprehension rate of VDS (verbal descriptor scale) was 88.3%, and NRS (numeric rating scale) 69.9%, FPS (face pain scale) 66.9%, HVAS (horizontal visual analog scale) and VVAS (vertical visual analog scale) 65.4%. Conclusion: Nurses should not apply observational scales routinely in demented patients as many of these are capable of reporting their own pain. Self-report, the highest standard of pain measurement can be reliably performed in a large proportion of demented elderly.

• International Journal of Fluid Machinery and Systems
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.353-362
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• 2009

In the process of turbine modernizations, the investigation of the influences of water passage roughness on radial flow machine performance is crucial and validates the efficiency step up between reduced scale model and prototype. This study presents the specific losses per component of a Francis turbine, which are estimated by CFD simulation. Simulations are performed for different water passage surface roughness heights, which represents the equivalent sand grain roughness height. As a result, the boundary layer logarithmic velocity profile still exists for rough walls, but moves closer to the wall. Consequently, the wall friction depends not only on roughness height but also on its shape and distribution. The specific losses are determined by CFD numerical simulations for each component of the prototype, taking into account its own specific sand grain roughness height. The model efficiency step up between reduced scale model and prototype value is finally computed by the assessment of specific losses on prototype and by evaluating specific losses for a reduced scale model with smooth walls. Furthermore, surveys of rough walls of each component were performed during the geometry recovery on the prototype and comparisons are made with experimental data from the EPFL Laboratory for Hydraulic Machines reduced scale model measurements. This study underlines that if rough walls are considered, the CFD approach estimates well the local friction loss coefficient. It is clear that by considering sand grain roughness heights in CFD simulations, its forms a significant part of the global performance estimation. The availability of the efficiency field measurements provides an unique opportunity to assess the CFD method in view of a systematic approach for turbine modernization step up evaluation. Moreover, this paper states that CFD is a very promising tool for future evaluation of turbine performance transposition from the scale model to the prototype.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.232-242
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 교사의 심리적안녕감, 공감능력, 직무효율성이 직무만족도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 검증하였다. 연구대상은 전국에 소재한 초등학교 196명, 중학교 62명, 고등학교 50명으로 308명을 대상으로 상관계수와 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 교사의 심리적안녕감, 공감능력, 직무 효율성, 직무만족도 간의 관계를 살펴보면, 교사의 심리적안녕감, 공감능력, 직무효율성의 하위변인 중 자율성과 학교행정, 보상체계, 개인적성장과 학교행정, 보상체계, 근무환경, 삶의 목적과 학교행정, 긍정적 대인관계, 자아수용은 보상체계를 제외한 모든 하위영역에서 상관이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 중다회귀분석 결과, 직무만족도에 영향을 미치는 가장 높은 변인은 인간관계, 자아수용, 정서적 요소 순으로 나타난 반면, 그 외 모든 하위변인에서는 통계적으로 유의미한 예측변인이 아닌 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제103권4호
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• pp.639-645
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• 2014

본 연구는 비모수추정 방법인 자료포락 기법을 이용하여 우리나라 표고버섯 재배 임가를 대상으로 경영효율성을 평가하였다. 조사자료는 2013년 3월부터 10월까지 실시한 '표고버섯 경영 표준진단표' 적용 결과 중에서 20개 임가의 투입요소와 산출요소를 대상으로 하였다. 그리고 DEA 기법중 CCR 모형과 BCC 모형을 이용하여 기술효율성, 순수기술효율성, 규모효율성을 분석하였고 비효율성 임가의 개선방안도 제시하였다. 추가적으로 주업과 겸업재배임가의 경영효율성을 비교 분석하였다. 연구결과, 표고버섯 재배 임가의 전체기술효율성은 평균 0.655로 나타나 전체적으로 비효율성이 높은 것으로 나타났고 비효율성의 원인은 순수기술효율성(0.830)보다는 규모효율성(0.747)에 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 효율성 값이 1인 표고버섯 재배임가는 DMU2, DMU5, DMU6, DMU8, DMU10, DMU15, DMU20으로 7개 임가로 나타났다. 그리고 DMU7 재배임가의 경영효율성 진단 결과, 투입요소 중 신규접종비와 조성비에서 준거집단과 비교해 볼 때 과도하게 투입되고 있는 것으로 분석되었다. 주업과 겸업임가의 효율성 비교 결과 겸업임가가 상대적으로 비효율성이 높은 것으로 나타났고 그 원인으로 규모효율성이 문제가 있는 것으로 파악되었다.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권12호
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• pp.181-190
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• 2019

본 연구의 목적은 중국 전자상거래 기업의 운영 효율성을 평가하고 효율성을 향상시키기 위한 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 중국 상무부가 선정한 2017~2018년도 전자상거래 시범기업 중에서 16개 기업을 대상으로 선정하여 전자상거래 기업의 운영 효율성에 대한 실증적 연구를 진행하였다. 투입관점에서 기업의 운영 효율을 측정하기 위해 3개의 입력지표와 2개의 출력지표를 선정하여 데이터포락분석법(DEA)을 활용하여 분석하였다. 분석은 2018년 데이터를 활용한 횡단면 분석과 2016년부터 2018년까지 3년 데이터를 활용하여 종단면 분석을 실시하여 기술효율, 순수기술효율 및 규모효율을 산출하였다. 분석결과 중국 전자상거래 기업의 전반적인 효율성은 지속적으로 향상되고 있으며, 사업 역량과 사업 규모도 점차적으로 향상되고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구는 전자상거래 시범기업의 운영 효율성 분석을 통해 전자상거래 시범기업의 경쟁력을 평가하고, 운영 효율을 높이기 위한 대책을 제시하였고. 동시에, 규모를 조정하여 경쟁 우위를 강화하기 위한 몇 가지 합리적인 제안을 제시하였다는데 의의가 있다.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.110-124
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• 2006

The multi scale wavelet-Galerkin method implemented in an adaptive manner has an advantage of obtaining accurate solutions with a substantially reduced number of interpolation points. The method is becoming popular, but its numerical efficiency still needs improvement. The objectives of this investigation are to present a new numerical scheme to improve the performance of the multi scale adaptive wavelet-Galerkin method and to give detailed implementation procedure. Specifically, the subdomain technique suitable for multiscale methods is developed and implemented. When the standard wavelet-Galerkin method is implemented without domain subdivision, the interaction between very long scale wavelets and very short scale wavelets leads to a poorly-sparse system matrix, which considerably worsens numerical efficiency for large-sized problems. The performance of the developed strategy is checked in terms of numerical costs such as the CPU time and memory size. Since the detailed implementation procedure including preprocessing and stiffness matrix construction is given, researchers having experiences in standard finite element implementation may be able to extend the multi scale method further or utilize some features of the multiscale method in their own applications.

• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제33권5호
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• pp.572-579
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• 2017

Increased impervious surface caused by rapid urbanization serves to produce the discharge of non-point source pollutants such as total suspended solid (TSS). There exist various methods of removing TSS, including a filtration process using granular media (a well-known method to be practically used after the consideration of removal efficiency, clogging, and backwashing efficiency). To determine the TSS removal capability of the filter, we initially performed lab-scale experiments which assessed flow rates, influent concentrations, permeability co-efficients, the particular shapes of suspended solids and potential clogging, and also evaluated TSS removal efficiency when applied to filtration facility in a pilot-scale. In low filtration flux condition, the removal efficiency of suspended solids was more than 95 %, while decreased to 83% in high filtration flux. Regarding the clogging aspect of the experiment, total cumulative solids were loaded up to $19.15kg/m^2$, and TSS removal efficiency was noted to commence to decrease when the loaded solids exceeded $9.0kg/m^2$. It was also noted, however, that superior efficiency was maintained for six hours. In addition, for pilot-scale experiment, the removal efficiency was still high enough (83.4 %) for the solid concentration of 140 ~ 343 mg SS/L and after backwashing, head loss was recovered to 92 ~ 95 % during two hour filtration. With these results, It was confirmed that lifetime of the filter applied to the test was prolonged due to the high treatment efficiency and good backwashing efficiency for the cumulative solids load.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.353-363
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• 2021

본 연구는 창업투자회사가 효율적으로 운영될 수 있도록 창업투자회사의 경영 효율성을 분석하여 비효율적인 요소의 정보 제시를 통해 경영 개선을 위한 정보로 제공하고자 한다. 2014~2018년 83개의 창업투자회사를 대상으로 DEA 모형을 활용하여 분석하였다. 투입변수는 직원 수와 자본, 산출변수는 창업투자자산, 영업수익, 당기순이익을 선정하였다. 분석 결과, 기술효율성과 순수 기술 효율성은 평균이 점차 증가하며 동일한 양상을 보였으나, 규모 효율성은 증가와 감소를 반복하였다. 이는 기술 효율성의 하락은 순수 기술 효율성의 하락에 기인하였다고 보여 지며, 창업투자회사들의 비효율은 규모의 비효율보다는 운영의 비효율이 창업투자회사들의 비효율에 영향을 끼친 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 규모수익을 보면 DRS 값은 점차 감소하는 것으로 나타났고, IRS 값은 대체로 증가하는 추세를 보였다. 결과치에 따른 운영의 비효율성을 개선하고, 규모 확대를 통해 효율성 방안을 수립한다면 효율성을 개선할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.143-161
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• 2015

This study presents a comparative analysis on mackerel distribution process and price formation process, and investigation of price and margin between traditional markets and Large-scale discount store distribution channel. Through this, the study investigated distribution efficiency of each channel, and examined whether a difference of distribution efficiency leads to a difference of performance through the investigation of a difference of function and role between members of a wholesale market and vendor of Large scale discount store. The following are the results of this study. As a consequence of investigating supply and sum by distribution channel of mackerel, it appeared that mackerels shipped from port market are distributed into 9 consumption sites(Wholesale market, Large scale discount store, Institutional Food Service, etc.). In the comparison of distribution efficiency between traditional retail store and Large scale discount store 52.0% margin is formed in traditional retail store distribution channel and 43.1% margin is formed in Large scale discount store, and a distribution cost rate consists of 19.4% cost in a traditional retail store for fishery products and 18.1% cost in a Large-scale discount store. To analyze a difference of performance, the study examine a difference of role and function between vendor and Wholesale market company, wholesaler and middleman. Wholesale market company and middleman of wholesale market for consumer have slightly high or similar score in collection function, sorting function, evaluation function and financial function which are traditional and original. However, it was confirmed that vendor has a better score in other functions, that is, newly-demanded functions(ex : market frontier function, product development function, Integral Distribution Function, etc.).

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2022

ROK Navy intends to secure the Korean-type aircraft carrier in order to effectively prepare for various future security threats. In general, the Korean national competency is considered to be at the level of having an aircraft carrier, but it is unclear what scale aircraft carrier would be appropriate. In this study, the efficiency was evaluated through the relative comparison between national competency(national power, economic power) and the scale of aircraft carriers, and the optimal scale of the Korean-type aircraft carrier that could be acquired was presented. A DEA(Data Envelopment Analysis) model was applied to aircraft carriers(19 aircraft carriers in 11 countries) currently in operation and scheduled to be possessed in the world. As input variables, CINC(Composite Index of National Capability) and GDP(Gross Domestic Product), which are the most widely used as indicators of national and economic power, and as output variables, the full-load displacement, length, and width of aircraft carriers were selected. ARIMA(short-term within 5 years) and simple regression(long-term over 5 years) were used to estimate the future national competency of each country at the time of aircraft carriers acquisition. The relative efficiency score of the Korean-type aircraft carrier currently being evaluated is 1.062, and it was evaluated as small-scale aircraft carrier compared to the national competency. Based on Korean national competency, the optimal scale of the Korean-type aircraft carrier calculated by aggregating benchmark groups, is 58,308.1 tons of full-load displacement, 279.4m in length, and 68.3m in width.