• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.37-44
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• 2013

As household energy consumption has increased, serious environmental problems, such as resource depletion and global warming, are becoming global issues. It is essential to conduct the energy use of residents living in apartments in order to come up with alternative solutions for energy savings. Therefore, this study examined the energy use awareness of apartment residents and their energy use behavior by various types of awareness. To understand their energy use behavior according to the awareness of the subjects, the energy awareness dimension was created with five factors and they were subject to a cluster analysis; then, the subjects were categorized into three groups. Finally, the difference of energy use behavior was examined by groups of energy awareness. G1 represents the group that is indifferent to energy savings and believes that convenience is an important factor. Also, with respect to energy use behavior, this group tends to pursue convenience. G2 is the group that is conscious of energy use costs thereby enduring some inconvenience, and shows savings behavior in daily life and household affairs. Although, G3 is very aware of the significance for the necessity of energy saving, their energy saving behavior is relatively negative. Regarding these different characteristics of each resident group in their energy saving awareness and behaviors, diverse methods and promotion in energy education are required. Furthermore, an effective energy policy should be established based on the understanding of energy consumption.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2014

Weather seems to influence industries in a variety of ways. On a day-to-day basis, it is the most volatile external factor influencing consumer and market behavior. And, because weather is constantly changing, industries must deal with a continuously shifting array of opportunities and risks. This study aims to examine how climate and weather changes and information, as external environmental factors, have affected the Korean industries, particularly marine shipping and logistics. To find out the economic value of marine weather information, we use measurable results of VVOS(Vessel and Voyage Optimization Services) in the ocean shipping, which the marine weather software tool can save fuel costs up to 4%. When the fuel saving is same as VVOS's performance, the saving of Korean flag ship is estimated about 62 billion won and the saving of total flag ship is estimated about 519 billion won. However, coastal shipping companies have been struggling with the heavy weather factors, such as wave height, wave period and wind. Major findings are that wind and wave height have a significant negative effect on cargo transport, while wave period has a significant positive effect on cargo transport. And to conclude, when we use efficiently the marine weather information, we can increase cargo transport and save fuel costs etc.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1567-1587
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• 2014

Virtual Machine (VM) resource management is crucial to satisfy the Quality of Service (QoS) demands of various multimedia services in a media cloud platform. To this end, this paper presents a VM resource allocation model that dynamically and optimally utilizes VM resources to satisfy QoS requirements of media-rich cloud services or applications. It additionally maintains high system utilization by avoiding the over-provisioning of VM resources to services or applications. The objective is to 1) minimize the number of physical machines for cost reduction and energy saving; 2) control the processing delay of media services to improve response time; and 3) achieve load balancing or overall utilization of physical resources. The proposed VM allocation is mapped into the multidimensional bin-packing problem, which is NP-complete. To solve this problem, we have designed a Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) model, as well as heuristics for quantitatively optimizing the VM allocation. The simulation results show that our scheme outperforms the existing VM allocation schemes in a media cloud environment, in terms of cost reduction, response time reduction and QoS guarantee.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.516-525
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• 2015

In this study, Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) was applied to the production processes of waste cooking oil recycling products. Recycling products as defined in the Law of Saving of Resources and Recycling Promotion are biodiesel and soap. Weighting result of biodiesel production process showed that the most significant impact potential was abiotic resource depletion(84.17%) followed by global warming(13.93%). In the case of the soap, the most significant impact potential was also abiotic resource depletion(58.59%) followed by global warming(33.71%). In terms of the whole system of the biodiesel production process, methanol showed the largest environmental impact potential(87.35%). While in the case of the soap, sodium chloride showed the largest environmental impact potential(99.99%). This study suggests that there should be improvement of the methanol recovery system in the biodiesel production process and also appropriate use of the major environmental impact materials in both processes.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.1-16
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• 2005

In an attempt to illuminate the lives of elderly women, this article has studied the economical situation and economical well-being felt by the elderly women dwelling in the southwestern coastal islands of Korea. In this article, we have attempted to conduct a consolidated research that incorporates both qualitative as well as quantitative research methods. The researched areas included 6 islands. Here are the main results. : 1) The elderly women living in the islands were enduring various forms of excessive labor, and there were many cases where these women didn't receive adequate amount of compensation. There should be more considerations made by the locals and proper restrictions should be brought out in order to prevent these women from conducting excessive and hazardous tasks. 2) Due to unpropitious economical situations, the majority of the elderly women living in these islands were incapable of saving money. There should be a plan devised to empower the economical capabilities of these elderly women that will elicit economical effects. 3) The degree of economical well-being that these elderly women felt was very low, both in the absolute level of economical satisfactions, as well as the relative level of economical satisfactions compared to the people living in the cities. There should be an incorporated effort conducted by the elderly women themselves, the local society, and the relevant offices to increase the level of economical well-being that are felt by these elderly women.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.9
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• pp.1566-1574
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• 2010

This paper presents an in-depth review for current status for demand-side management (DSM) investment of energy supplier and an useful prospect on the introduction of Energy Efficiency Resource Standards (EERS). According to the Article 9 of Rational Energy Utilization Act, Energy suppliers-Korea Electric Power Corporation (KEPCO), Korea Gas Corporation (KOGAS) and Korea District Heat Corporation (KDHC) prescribed by Presidential Decree-must establish and implement annual demand-side management investment plan to improve energy efficiency in production, transformation, transportation, storage and usage of corresponding energy and to reduce demand and green house gas emissions. In this paper, we examine the DSM programs of energy suppliers and the results of DSM investment in 2009, then we propose a reasonable solution for the development of DSM investment. Furthermore, in order to compare our situation, the case studies were conducted on EERS issues in England, Italy, France and U.S, such as establishing the energy saving target, selecting the target energy supplier, and penalty and incentive mechanisms. Throughout the case studies, this paper suggests the directions to the DSM investment planning of energy suppliers and the major issues to prepare EERS in Korea.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.855-872
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• 2007

This study suggests an imported coal procurement model that simultaneously considers the risk factors of coal price, ocean freight rate and foreign exchange rate. In addition, it quantitatively analyses the superiority of this model compared to the previous one m terms of procurement cost saving and stabilization. According to the empirical results, a separate hedging could stabilize the procurement cost flow, but this is not the end of story. That is, a complex hedging would reduce the standard deviations of cost flow. Thus, one could improve hedging effects by fully considering the inherent variance-covariance relationship among coal price, ocean freight rate and foreign exchange.

• Water Engineering Research
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.147-156
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• 2004

Recently, the population growth, industrial and agricultural development are rapidly undergoing in the Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) in Texas. The Lower Rio Grande Valley (LRGV) composed of the 4 counties and three of them are interesting for Non-point and point source pollutant modeling: Starr, Cameron, and Hidalgo. Especially, the LRGV is an intensively irrigation region, and Texas A&M University Agriculture Program and the New Mexico State University College of Agriculture applied irrigation district program (Guy Fipps and Craig Pope, 1998), projects in GIS and Hydrology based agricultural water management systems and assessment of prioritized protecting stream network, water quality and rehabilitation based on water saving potential in Rio Grande River. In the LRGV region, where point and non-point sources of pollution may be a big concern, because increasing fertilizers and pesticides use and population cause. This project objective seeks to determine the accumulation of non-point and point source and discuss the main impacts of agriculture and environmental concern with water quality related to pesticides, fertilizer, and nutrients within LRGV region. The GIS technique is widely used and developed for the assessment of non-point source pollution in LRGV region. This project shows the losses in kg/$km^2$/year of BOD (Biological Oxygen Demand), TN (total Nitrogen) and TP (total phosphorus) in the runoff from the surface of LRGV.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.199-219
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• 2013

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of money transfer between generations on preparation behaviors for retirement, separated into assets and saving for retirement. The survey was conducted by targeting 422 married people across the nation. The factor of money transfer between generations was defined as the inheritance and gift variable. The data were analyzed using SPSS 20. Correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple regressions were utilized. The results indicated that preparation behaviors for retirement are affected by the economic independence of parents, inheritance, expenses for children's education, and marriage. Retirement assets were significantly affected by inheritance, the economic independence of parents, educational expenses for children, financial assets, and amount of debt, while the significant factors related to retirement savings were interests on retirement, income, wedding expenses for children, economic independence of parents, and educational expenses for children. It was concluded that the financial preparation for retirement ought to be expanded from one household's finances to finances between generations.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.25-30
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• 2003

Owing to the deterioration of reconstruction and the construction, much of the construction waste is discharged in our construction field. By supplementing aggregate resources that are insufficient by recycling waste concrete, it is considered that the resource-preserving effect according to the saving and reuse of resource as well as eco-friendly effect that is regarded as important in recent industrial society may be expected. In this study conducted an experiment by setting up 15 levels according to the variations in the rate of substitution of recycled coarse aggregate by the water cement ratio(40, 50, 60%). As the result of it, the slump and air contents was increased by ratio of coarse aggregate, and the elapsed characteristics by the ratio of recycled coarse aggregate showed that there is no clear difference in slump and the air contents. Further, in the characteristics of strength development, the lower the water cement ratio, the higher the compressive strength at early ages, compared with crushed stone, while the compression declined according to the increase of substitution rate of recycled gravel as it was tending upward long-term ages.