• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.219-227
• /
• 2017

The objective of this study was to determine the physicochemical and sensory properties of cooked emulsion sausages containing different levels of lotus rhizome powder (0, 1, 2, and 3%, based on total weight). Lotus rhizome powder had no significant (p>0.05) impact on pH, moisture, protein, or ash content of sausage. However, fat content was slightly but significantly (p<0.05) decreased when the level of lotus rhizome powder was increased in the sausages. The addition of lotus rhizome powder to sausages at over 1% resulted in significantly (p<0.05) darker and less red color of cooked sausage compared to control. Increase in lotus rhizome level slightly improved the emulsion stability and apparent viscosity. Significant (p<0.05) reduction in cooking loss was observed when more than 1% of lotus rhizome powder was added to sausages. The textural properties of sausages were unaffected by the inclusion of lotus rhizome except for springiness and chewiness. On the manufacture day, control sausage had significantly (p<0.05) higher TBARS value than treatments. Regarding sensory characteristics, increased levels of lotus rhizome powder decreased (p<0.05) color and juiciness scores. However, cooked sausages exhibited similar overall acceptability regardless of the level of lotus rhizome powder added to sausages. Therefore, lotus rhizome powder, an antioxidant dietary fiber, could be used as an effective natural ingredient in meat products for the development of healthier and functional food.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.33-43
• /
• 1997

Objectives of this study were to investigate the lipid oxidation of liver sausages, one of the most favorite meet products and to examine the applicability of pork liver to sausages. Sausages containing different proportions of pork liver were manufactured with various processes and were tested and analysed by means of lipid oxidation. Based on the basic recipe for manufacturing sausages, fifteen recipies were proposed with different combinations of ingredients, followed by evaluations on their contents of crude fat, AV, POV, and MA. Sausages manufactured with different methods(sliceable, spreadable, smoked spreadable) and different proportions of liver were also evaluated. In addition, the storage experiments were carried out. The findings from these experiments are summarized as follows : The content of crude fat was 17.12%. As the percentage of the liver increased, fat content of sausages siginificantly decreased. In the storage experiment, it was found that the acid value, peroxide value, and malonaldehyde content significantly increased in all samples regardless of the amount of liver or the storage time. The AV of experimental sausages was significantly increased by adding liver. There were significant differences in proportions of components but little differences were observed in contents among the samples.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.28 no.1
• /
• pp.14-20
• /
• 2008

This study evaluated the effects of dietary fiber extracted from rice bran on the chemical composition, cooking characteristics and sensory properties of emulsion type sausage. Sausages were produced containing 0%, 1%, 2%, 3%, and 4% dietary fiber extracted from rice bran. The negative control had the highest fat, cooking loss, CIE L- and CIE a-values. The sausages containing rice bran had higher moisture, ash, pH, and CIE b-values than the control. Sausages with 3% rice bran had the lowest cooking loss. Sausages with 4% rice bran had the highest hardness and cohesiveness. There was a significant difference among the emulsion sausage samples with respect to sensory properties, with sausages containing 1% and 2% rice bran having a higher overall acceptability than the other sausages.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.330-336
• /
• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of mulberry and persimmon leaf powder with various contents(0.04%, 0.08%) on physico-chemical and sensory properties of emulsified-sausages. There were no differences(P>0.05) in moisture and crude ash contents(%), but crude fat contents(%) of the sausages containing 0.8% persimmon leaf powder showed the highest, compared to other treatments. pH values of all treatments decreased during storage period. Sausages containing mulberry and persimmon leaf powder had more bright and yellow, but less red color than the control. Hardness values of the sausages containing 0.04% mulberry and persimmon leaf powder were higher than those of a control and other treatments. The addition of mulberry leaf powder had better flavor and overall palatability of sausages than persimmon leaf powder. However, no differences in color, flavor, tenderness and overall palatability were observed on 60 days of storage. These results indicated that the addition of mulberry and persimmon leaf powder for the manufactured of emulsified-sausages partially affected physico-chemical and sensory properties. Further research will be performed why the addition of these powders affect the product quality.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.261-265
• /
• 2003

This study was performed to determine whether transglutaminase (Aciva-TG, TGase) can be used to reduce the salt level in low-fat sausages and to replace emulsified meats (10%) for the manufacture of restructured meat products (RMP). Pork hams and loins were collected from a local retail market in Gwangju, Korea and used for the manufacture of sausages and RMPs, respectively. TGase at the level of 0.1% can permit the reduction of the salt level from 1.5% to 1.0% in low-fat comminuted sausages without any quality defects, however a crumbly texture was found if the salt level was reduced below 1.0% even though it combined with certain amounts of TGase. No differences in chemical composition and physical properties were observed (p>0.05) among treatments. Approximately 0.3% of TGase can replace 10% emulsified meats, which are normally used for improvement of binding capacity to manufacture RMPs, without quality defects. This study suggests that TGase could be used for the manufacture of low-fat, low-salt functional meat products for the improvement of textural characteristics and binding capacity without adverse effects.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.37 no.2
• /
• pp.274-287
• /
• 2017

This study was performed to investigate the effect of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. extract on the physicochemical properties of emulsion-type pork sausages during storage at $10^{\circ}C$ for 4 wk. Treatments were as follows: (C, control; T1, sodium ascorbate 0.05%; T2, Gleditsia sinensis Lam. 0.05%; T3, Gleditsia sinensis Lam. 0.1%; T4, Gleditsia sinensis Lam. 0.2%; T5, Gleditsia sinensis Lam. 0.1% + sodium ascorbate 0.05%). The values of pH, moisture content, lightness, redness, and sensory attributes were all significantly decreased, while the yellowness, chroma, hue angle, and texture properties were increased during storage with increase of the Gleditsia sinensis Lam. extract added. In addition, the antioxidant activity and antimicrobial activity in the sausages displayed significant increases (p<0.05). Therefore, although it was concluded that the addition of Gleditsia sinensis Lam. extract is not effective for improvement of the physical properties compared to chemical additives in sausages, it could be applied to meat products as a natural preservatives.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.701-710
• /
• 2019

This study investigated the effect of apios powder on the quality characteristics of sausages. The results were as follows: pH values of the sausages were not significantly different among the samples. The amount of moisture content in the sausages decreased with increasing amount of apios powder. Increase in apios powder increased the lightness (L) value but decreased redness (a) and yellowness (b) values. Increase in apios powder increased the hardness and chewiness of sausage but decreased the adhesiveness. Apios powder had no significant effect on gumminess and springiness of the sausages among all samples. Total phenolic compound content and DPPH radical scavenging activity of apios powder added sausage significantly increased with increasing apios powder. Total bacterial counts of apios powder added sausage increased in all the samples as storage period passes and after 4 weeks of storage, the more adding ratio of apios powder was increased, the total bacterial count decreased. In view of above results, apios powder was considered to be food material suitable not only for functionality but also for developing sausage product of which preservation property is improved. From the results, 100% apios powder can be used to make optimum level for production of sausage.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• v.33 no.9
• /
• pp.1470-1476
• /
• 2020

Objective: This study was carried out to investigate physicochemical properties, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of low-fat sausages (LFSs) covered with sodium alginate (SA) film alone and with powder film (TSA-film) formed by cross-linking cherry tomato powder (CTP) and SA with calcium chloride (CaCl₂). Methods: Sausages covered with the biodegradable film were assessed based on the measurement of pH, color (L^⋆, a^⋆, b^⋆), proximate analysis, expressive moisture (EM), texture profile analysis, total plate counts (TPC), violet red bile, and 2-Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) during storage under refrigeration. LFSs wrapped with TSA-film were compared with those wrapped with SA-film and without film (control) during storage at 10℃ for 35 days. Results: The LFSs covered with the mixed film had lower pH, lightness (L^⋆), EM%, TBARS, and TPC, but lower yellowness (b^⋆) and hardness values than those wrapped with TSA-film alone. Conclusion: Lipid oxidation and microbial growth was retarded in sausages covered with biodegradable films, especially multiple films as compared to single film, thereby resulting in extended shelf-life of the LFSs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.30 no.2
• /
• pp.364-367
• /
• 2001

We gamma-irradiated to natural casings from lamb and pork to improve sanitary quality and microbiological shelf stability of sausage stuffed in animal intestine-induced natural casing from lamb and pork. The microbial changes of irradiated casings and the microbial growth of the sausages with gamma-irradiated natural casings were observed. Population of total aerobic bacteria was decreased by gamma irradiation, dependent upon the irradiation dose. The number of microflora in lamb and pork casings was reduced by about 5.5 log cycle at 5 kGy. Population of total aerobic bacteria of sausages stuffed in non-irradiated lamb and pork casing was about 3.6 log CFU/g after just manufacture and was about 7 log after 10 day storage. However, population of total aerobic bacteria of sausages with 3 kGy-irradiated and 5 kGy-irradiated casings was 2.48 and 0.32 log in lamb, and 2.78 and 0.60 log in pork, respectively. Gamma irradiation to animal intestine- induced natural casings was effective and thus, can be used for enhancing shelf life of final products due to reduction of the number of contaminated microflora.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.32 no.6
• /
• pp.725-731
• /
• 2012

This study investigated the shelf life of emulsion-type sausages containing garlic powder and/or ${\alpha}$-tocopherol during storage at $4^{\circ}C$ for 0, 10, 20, and 30 d. Six groups of emulsion-type sausages were included: control (no additives), GP1 (1% garlic powder), GP3 (3% garlic powder), AT100 (100 IU of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol/kg of sausage), AT200 (200 IU of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol/kg of sausage), and GP1+AT100 (1% garlic powder+100 IU of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol/kg of sausage). During storage, the pH, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and residual nitrite content were reduced by the addition of garlic powder and/or ${\alpha}$-tocopherol relative to the control (p<0.05). In addition, emulsion-type sausages supplemented with garlic powder and/or ${\alpha}$-tocopherol improved color stability (p<0.05). The results suggest that a higher amount of garlic powder and their different combinations could improve the shelf life of emulsion-type sausages and protect against lipid oxidation.