• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권12호
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• pp.1718-1728
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• 2011

Two experiments were conducted to investigate the in vitro ability of keratinase to hydrolyze soybean glycinin and ${\beta}$-conglycinin and to evaluate the in vivo effects of keratinase when included in corn-soybean diets with different levels of crude protein and fed to nursery pigs. In experiment 1, a saturated keratinase solution (1 ml) was added to two blank controls of either glycinin or ${\beta}$-conglycinin resulting in the hydrolysis of 94.74% glycinin and 88.89% ${\beta}$-conglycinin. In experiment 2, 190 pigs (8.3${\pm}$0.63 kg BW) were allotted to one of four treatments in a 2${\times}$2 factorial arrangement on the basis of body weight, and sex was balanced among the pens. The effects of crude protein (19 vs. 22%) and keratinase (0 vs. 0.05%) were studied. Each treatment was applied to six pens with seven (two pens) or eight pigs per pen. Pigs were fed the experimental diets for 21 d. Weight gain and feed conversion ratio were improved (p<0.05) with keratinase supplementation while feed intake was reduced (p<0.05). Keratinase supplementation increased (p<0.05) the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, energy, crude protein and phosphorus. Keratinase supplementation also increased n-butyric acid in the cecum and colon, lactobacilli and total anaerobe counts in the colon as well as the ratio of villus height to crypt depth in the ileum. Additionally, fecal score, ammonia nitrogen and branch chain volatile fatty acids in the colon, E. coli and total aerobe counts in the colon, crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum as well as serum interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 concentrations were also decreased (p<0.05) by keratinase supplementation. A reduction in dietary crude protein decreased (p<0.05) colon ammonia nitrogen concentration and cecal propionic acid and branch chain volatile fatty acid concentrations. In addition, cecal E. coli counts, colon total anaerobe counts, ileal crypt depth, and serum interleukin-1 and interleukin-6 concentrations were also decreased (p<0.05) with the reduction of dietary crude protein. With the exception of fecal scores, there were no significant interactions between crude protein and keratinase. This study provides evidence that dietary keratinase supplementation improved nursery pig performance by improving intestinal morphology and ecology, thus improving nutrient digestibility and alleviating the inflammatory response.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.84-93
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• 2018

This study was conducted to develop a pasture feeding program for reducing the Hanwoo feeding cost. Italian ryegrass (IRG) is a major plant which is abundantly produced in the southern area of South Korea. Locally produced Italian ryegrass has a 30 - 50% reduced pasture cost compared to imported pasture grasses. We hypothesized that Italian ryegrass feed could reduce the feeding cost but not change the physiological characteristics of the Hanwoo steers in the feedlot. Four treatments (Control, short fed IRG silage, long fed IRG silage, and IRG hay) in a completely random design were used to feed 27 Hanwoo steers. Three or four steers were fed in the same pen, and 8 pens were used for the treatments. Blood was drawn from each steer on the first week of every month from 11 to 30 months. Overall, the average daily gain and feed efficiency were not different among the treatments (p < 0.05) except for the final fattening diets (p < 0.05). The long fed IRG silage group had a low ADG compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). The serum non-esterified fatty acid and glucose concentrations were reduced during the fattening periods (p < 0.05); however, the serum albumin, total proteins, triglycerides, and phosphorus were increased during the fattening periods (p < 0.05). The carcass weight, longissimus muscle area and back-fat thickness were low in the long fed IRG silage group (p < 0.05). The IRG diet induced saturated fatty acids in the longissimus dorsi (p < 0.05). These results show that the IRG diet increased the serum triglycerides but reduced the glucose level at the final fattening diet and decreased the meat yield score in Hanwoo steers.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제57권4호
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• pp.397-400
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• 2012

유진들깨의 개화기 후 5일에 시용한 질소 추비(4 kg/10a)를 통해 생육특성과 단백질 함량, 지방 함량과 지방산 조성 등을 조사하여 들깨의 수량성과 품질 향상의 가능성을 검토한 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 등숙기의 추비는 대조구에 비해 경장과 주경 마디수, 가지수, 경직경 등에서는 차이가 거의 없었으나 성숙기가 1일 늦었고, SPAD 값은 48.6으로 대조구보다 85% 더 높고 농녹색을 성숙후기까지 유지하였다. 2. 추비구의 수량구성요소 및 수량에서 화방군길이, 화방 군수, 군당삭수는 근소하게 더 많았으나 1000립중이 3.4 g으로 대조구 보다 0.8 g 더 무거워 종실수량은 123 kg/10a로 60% 더 많았다. 3. 추비구의 단백질함량은 33.3%로서 대조구 보다 11.5%나 많았으며 국내 유전자원 17.9~28.5%(Park, 1996) 범위를 능가하였으며 기름함량은 48.4%로서 6.2%나 더 높아 추비효과가 있었다. 4. 추비에 따른 지방산 조성은 대조구에 비해 포화지방산인 palmitic acid와 stearic acid이 감소하였고, 불포화지방산에서 linolenic acid와 oleic acids는 감소하였으나 linoleic acid는 증가한 경향을 보였다. 5. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 들깨의 등숙기는 최적생육량과 연계한 적정질소추비는 수량성과 품질 향상을 위해 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.153-157
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• 1986

우리나라 전통수산식품의 식품성분에 관한 일련의 연구로서 개불 건조 중 지방질성분의 변화를 밝힐 목적으로 생개불과 건조개불의 지방질을 중성지방질, 당지방질 및 인지방질로 분획하고 이들 지방질획분의 지방질 조성 및 지방산 조성을 분석 비교하였다. 생개불과 건조개불의 지방질함량은 각각 1.3%. 5.3%였으며, 중성지방질, 당지방질 및 인지방질의 함량은 생개불의 경우 각각 35.1%, 18.0%, 46.9%였고, 건조개불은 51.8%, 20.5%, 27.7%로 인지방질의 약 40%가 감소했으며 중성지방질과 당지방질은 다소 증가하였다. 생개불의 중성지방질에는 트리글리세리드 39.8%, 유리스테롤 39.6%, 유리지방산 12.2%로 주성분이었고, 그외에 디글리세리드, 모노글리세리드, 스테롤에스테르 및 탄화수소가 소량 확인되었다. 건조 중 변화는 트리글리세리드와 유리스테롤이 다소 감소한 반면 유리지방산과 디글리세리드가 증가하였다. 생개불의 인지방질의 경우 포스파티딜에탄올아민이 34.8%, 포스파티딜콜린이 45.6%로 주성분이었고 그외에 포스파티딜세린과 미동정물질이 검출되었다. 건조 중 변화는 포스파티딜에탄올아민, 포스파티딜세린 및 포스파티딜콜린이 다소 감소하였다. 생개불과 건조개불의 주요지방산은 대체적으로 16 : 0, 16 : 1, 18: 1, 18 : 3, 20 : 5이었고, 건조에 의해서 20 : 5를 주체로하는 폴리엔산이 감소한반면, 포화산의 조성비가 상대적으로 증가하였고, 특히 20 : 5가 현저하게 감소하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권9호
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• pp.1258-1264
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• 2009

본 연구에서는 건조하지 않은 감귤부산물을 첨가한 TMR사료를 홀스타인 젖소에게 급여하고 생산한 원유의 성분 특성에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 초산우와 경산우를 대상으로, 감귤부산물 TMR사료를 급여하지 않은 젖소의 원유를 T0구, 그리고 감귤부산물 TMR사료를 급여한 젖소의 원유를 T1구이라 하였으며, 각각 7 마리의 젖소에서 착유한 원유의 분석치를 1반복으로 하고, 3반복 실행하였다. 초산우 및 경산우 모두 원유의 수분, 조단백질, 조지방, 조회분 함량 및 열량은 T0구 및 T1구 사이에 유의적 차이가 없었다. 원유의 콜레스테롤 함량은 초산우 및 경산우 모두 T0구보다 T1구가 낮게 나타났으며 경산우의 경우 T1구가 유의하게 낮은 값을 보였다(p<0.05). 원유의 무기질 함량은 초산우의 경우 Na와 S, 경산우의 경우 Na, Cu, Fe 및 S가 T1구에서 유의하게 높게 나타났다. 초산우와 경산우 모두 T0구 및 T1구의 구성아미노산 총량, 포화지방산과 불포화지방산의 조성비, 그리고 모든 유리 지방산의 조성비는 유의적 차이를 보이지 않았다. 초산우와 경산우 원유의 비타민 A, E, $B_1$, $B_2$ 및 $\beta$-carotene 함량 중 초산우의 비타민 $B_1$은 T0구보다 T1구가 유의적으로 많고(p<0.05), 나머지는 유의적 차이가 나타나지 않았다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.557-564
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• 2001

녹차 수용성 추출물을 첨가한 김부각을 제조하여 $60^{\circ}C$의 항온기에서 40일간 저장하면서 김부각의 산화안정성 및 품질특성을 검토하였다. 산가와 과산화물과는 저장기간 동안 FKBG-5% AGT군이 control이나 FKBG-10% AGT군에 비하여 매우 낮은 수준이었다. 녹차 수용성 추출물로 만든 김부각을 튀겼을 때 주요 지방산은 linoleic acid($C_{18:2}$), oleic acid($C_{18:1}$), palmitic acid($C_{16:0}$)의 순으로 많았다. Control은 녹차 수용성 추출물을 첨가한 김부각에 대해 포와지방산이 차지하는 비율이 상당히 증가하였으며, 불포화지방산 중 monoene의 함량은 약간 감소하였으나 polyen의 함량은 현저한 감소를 보였다. Carotenoid와 chlorophyll a 모두 녹차 수용성 추출물이 첨가된 김부각이 대조군보다, 튀기지 않은 김부각이 튀긴 김부각보다 높은 함량을 나타냈다. 녹차 수용성 추출물의 함량이 높을수록 chlorophyll a의 함량은 높았으나 carotenoid에서는 별다른 차이를 보이지 않았다. 관능평가에서 김특유의 냄새와 후미는 튀긴 부각과 튀기지 않은 부각 모두 5% 녹차 수용성 추출물 첨가군이 높은 점수를 보였으며, 전제적인 기호도는 튀긴 부각과 튀기지 않는 부각 모두 녹차 수용성 추출물로 만든 김부각이 control 보다 높은 점수를 보였다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.589-597
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• 2019

In this study, 70 kinds of nutritional composition for five bokkeumbap products(spicy chicken, shrimp(saeu), haemul, nakji, and barbecue bokkeumbap) in high-frequency processed foods were analyzed. Raw data of intake amounts were collected from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Regarding proximate composition, spicy chicken bokkeumbap had lower water content and higher carbohydrate content than other bokkeumbaps, resulting in the highest total calories. The proximate composition of other bokkeumbaps were all distributed within a similar range. Vitamin content differed according to ingredients added to the bokkeumbaps. Haemul bokkeumbap had high content of vitamins B₁ and B₂, nakji bokkeumbap had high content of vitamin C and β-carotene, and barbecue bokkeumbap had high content of total niacin, folic acid, and vitamin A. For mineral content, barbecue bokkeumbap showed the highest content distribution, while nakji bokkeumbap showed the lowest content distribution. Regarding fatty acid and fat content, the highest content of fatty acids, saturated fats, and trans fats was detected in shrimp(saeu) bokkeumbap. For amino acid content, barbecue bokkeumbap showed highest content distribution. These results can be used as salient basic data for a food nutrient composition database and to significantly contribute to consumers' health.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.140-146
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary oxidized oil and ${\alpha}$-tocopherol level on growth and body composition of juvenile flounder. To prepare oxidized diets, squid liver oil was oxidized by aeration at $25^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. The six diets were prepared to contain 6% fresh or oxidized squid liver oil as the lipid sources in combination with three levels of ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate at 0, 80 and 800 mg/kg diet. Triplicate groups of fish ($3.9{\pm}0.1$) were fed to apparent satiation twice a day for 8 weeks. Survival was not significantly different among treatments. Weight gain, feed efficiency, daily feed intake, protein efficiency ratio and condition factor of fish fed the fresh oil diets were significantly higher than those of fish fed the oxidized oil diets (P<0.05). The increase of the vitamin E level in diets did not result in any significant improvement on growth performance of fish fed both oil diets. The vitamin E content of the liver and dorsal muscle increased with increasing dietary vitamin E level at both oil diet groups. A decreasing trend in vitamin E content of the tissues was observed in fish fed the oxidized oil diets at the same dietary vitamin E level. Significantly higher moisture content and lower crude lipid content were observed in the whole body of fish fed the oxidized oil diets than fish fed the fresh oil diets (P<0.05). Dietary lipid source affected the fatty acid content of the whole body; higher contents of saturated and monoenoic fatty acids, and lower n-3 HUFA contents such as 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 were observed in fish fed the oxidized oil diets than those of fish fed fresh oil diets. The results of this study suggest that the dietary oxidized oil may impair the growth performance, and an increase in ${\alpha}$-tocopheryl acetate supplementation have no beneficial effect on growth and feed efficiency of juvenile flounder.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.148-156
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• 2020

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary integration with extruded linseed (EL) on fatty acid (FA) and aromatic profile of goat cheese after 60 (T₆₀) days of ripening. Methods: Thirty goats were divided in two groups. The control group (CG) was fed with conventional diet, whereas the experimental group (EL+) was fed with conventional diet supplemented with 10% of EL. Milk samples were collected on 30 and 60 days of trial to determinate chemical-nutritional composition and FA profile. At the end of experiment, six cheese-making sessions (3 for each group) were carried out using a pooled milk sample obtained from the 15 goats of each group. At 60 days of ripening, cheeses were analyzed for chemical-nutritional composition, FA and aromatic profile. Results: An increase in the milk production, protein, fat and lactose were evidenced in the EL+ goats. Conversely, a reduction of somatic cells was observed in the EL+ compared with the CG. However, no variation was observed for urea and casein levels content in milk samples, and no changes in protein and lipid content were found for cheeses in the two experimental groups. Dietary supplementation with EL modified the FA profile of milk. There was a decrease in saturated FAs and an increase in polyunsaturated FAs. Chemical composition of T₆₀ cheese did not differ between the two groups but a different FA profile was observed. In T₆₀ cheese obtained from EL+ milk, an increase in short-chain FA and a decrease in medium and long-chain FA were observed. The EL diet led to cheeses with butanoic acid 2 times higher compared to CG cheeses. Moreover, a greater presence of aldehyde compounds and alcohols were observed in the cheeses of experimental group. Conclusion: The present study pointed out that EL supplementation may improve the chemical and physical qualities of goat milk and cheeses.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.819-828
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• 1993

Lecithin Cholesterol Acyltransferase(LCAT)와 cholesteryl ester transfer protein(CETP)은 간과 간외조직간의 혈청 cholcsterol 항상성을 유지하는데 중요한 기전인 reverse cholestrol transport system(RCT)에 매우 중요한 인자들이다. 본 연구의 목적은 RCT 기전의 식이 지질 효과를 추정하여 항 고지혈증 치료식이 연구의 중요한 자료를 제공하는데 있다. 4주의 인체대사 실험에서, 새당사 12명의 여성들은 실험 1주 전에 고 포화지질로써 적응시기를 거친 후, 각각 6명씩 high PUFA(corn oil)군과 high SFA(butter)군에 무작위로 배정되었다. Butter군은 total-34(%), esterified-(96%), $HDL_3$-(23%), LDL-(20%) 및 VLDL+LDL-(35%) cholestetol을 감소시켰다. Corn oil군은 esterified(2.5%) 및 LDL-(15%) cholesterol과 triglycerde(27%)를 감소시켰다. Corn oil과 butter fat군간의 식이 효과 차이는 total-(p=0.0001), esterified-(p=0.0001), total HDL-(p=0.005), $HDL_2$-(p=0.01) 및 LDL-(p=0.0001) cholesterol에서 유의적이다. LCAT activity는 두 군에서 변화가 없으나, 4주 후 CETP activity는 butter군에서 2.5배 증가하였다. 이는 VLDL+LDL cholesterol 농도가 butter군에서 증가한 결과와 일치한다. LCAT activity는 corn oil군에서 증가된 HDL의 apo A-I 농도와 free cholesterol과 정의 상관관계가 높은 반면, CETP activity는 total cholesterol과 LDL 및 VLDL+LDL cholesterol과 정의 상관관계가 높았다.