• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.27 no.1 s.65
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• pp.138-145
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• 2006

Objectives : Waist circumference (WC) is the best simple anthropometric index of abdominal visceral adipose tissue accumulation and obesity-related health risks. We measured WC and other anthropometric indices to assess relationships between the abdominal fat distribution and Sasang constitution. Methods : 196 participants who completed a QSCC II were measured some anthropometric indicies - height, weight and WC. Collected data were stratified by sex and analysed by oneway analysis of variances among constitutional groups. Results : In men, there were significant differences in weight, BMI and WC among Constitutional groups (p<0.001). In women, there were significant differences in weight and BMI, but there were no significant difference in WC among Constitutional groups. Conclusions : There was a significant relationship between taeumin men md abdominal chesty. But, in women, there was no clear relationship between abdominal obesity and participant's constitution.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.201-214
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• 1997

In this dissertation I have interest in the personality classification in order to recognize the personlity classification in order to recognize the tenfency of the mentality and the action. This paper compare the temperament of Sasangin(四象人) by Lee Je Ma(李濟馬) and The Psychological Types of C. G. Jung. As a result I get the following conclusions:1. Sasang understood that Sassangin have original tendency of the mentality. But C. G. Jung understood man has all of the four psychological type though they have discrepancy among them.2. In the function of the mentality, the both are similar.3. The mentality of So-Eum-In(少陰人) is similar to The Type of Thinking. The mentality of So-Yang-In(少陽人) is simliar to The Type of Feeling. The mentality of Tae-Eum-In(太陰人) is similar to The Type of Sensation. The mentality of Tae-Yang-In(太陽人) is similar to The Type of Intuition.4. The tendency of the mentality by the personality classification is of some use in the oriental medical therapy.5. For using the tendency of the mentality in oriental medical psychotherapy, they require more studies.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.25-33
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• 2004

1. Objectives Theoretically Healthy Condition of four constitution is based on intact state of four fundamental factors - digestion, urination, perspiration, defecation. Each one of these four factors is specifically related to its respective constitution. We made SHI(Sasangin Health Index) 10 items from four factors, and examined clinical efficacy of the four factors as index of health status in four constitution. 2. Methods and Procedures We offered QSCCII, SHI and SF-36 questionnaires to adults who had a periodic medical examination. 233 adults were classified to one of four constitution. We compared means of 8 scale scores of SF-36, and computed the correlation coefficient between 8 scale scores of SF-36 and 10 item scores of SHI in four constitution. 3. Results In Soyangin, stool volume and frequency are weakly correlated with health status(P<0.05). In Soeumin, appetite is weakly correlated with health status(P<0.05). In Taeumin, there is no correlation between perspiration and health status. 4. Conclusions 2 factors - digestion, defecation - had clinical efficacy as index of health status.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.126-143
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• 2007

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the grade of practical use, the important element and the significant characteristics of Sasangin' s face, voice, skin and pulse diagnostic impression, in Sasang constitutional clinical diagnosis. 2. Methods We analysed the survey data about Sasangin' s face, voice, skin and pulse diagnostic impression, drawn up by specialist in Sasang constitutional medicine. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) In the application degree of face feature, the case which it was applied with 20-40% and 40-60% were 16 people(43.2%) respectively. In voice, the case applied with 0-20% was 19 people(51.4%), in skin, 0-20% and 20-40% were 14 people(37.8%) respectively and in pulse diagnosis, 0-20% were 25 people(73.0%). (2) In constitutional diagnosis, the important element of face were 'frontal whole shape', 'whole impression' and 'size and shape of eye, ear, mose and mouth', the important element of voice 'speed of speech', 'purity and impurity' and 'pitch', the important element of skin 'thickness', 'feel of touch' and 'size of skin pores' and the important element of pulse diagnosis 'speed of pulse', 'sinking and floating' and 'weakness and firmness'. (3) The important face characteristics of Taeyangin were 'bright eye', 'broad forehead' and 'strong impression', Soyangin 'protruding forehead', 'thin and small lips', 'narrowing and sharp chin', Taeumin 'thick lips', 'flat face', 'large eye, nose, ear and mouth' and Soeumin 'long and slender face', 'downward slanting eyes' and 'small eye, nose, ear and mouth', The important voice characteristics of Taeyangin were 'loud' and 'clear', Soyangin 'rapid' and 'high-pitched tone', Taeumin 'chick', 'slow' and 'low-pitched tone' and Soeumin 'small and feeble' and 'slow'. The important skin characteristics of Taeyangin were 'thin' and 'white', Soyangin 'thin', 'smooth' and 'elastic', Taeumin 'thick', 'large skin-pore', 'coarse' and Soeumin 'soft', 'thin' and 'subtle skin-pore'. The important pulse characteristics of Taeyangin were 'rapid' and 'large', Soyangin 'rapid' and 'floating', Taeumin 'tense', 'long' and 'solid' and Soeumin 'fine', 'weak' and 'slow'.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.34-40
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• 2010

1. Objectives: Leptin is ob-gene originated hormone that is concerned with energy metabolism, obesity and asthma which features are supposed to related with Sasangin's 4 viscera physiological theory of Sasang constitutional medicine(SCM). This study aims to investigate whether serum leptin concentration is associated with Sasangin. 2. Methods: Two Way ANOVA analysis was used on the constitution and serum leptin concentration corresponding with BMI among 1054 cases drawn from the Constitutional Information Bank, which was a database with clinically confirmed constitution cases collected from 21 oriental medical institutes in Korea starting from November 2007 to May 2009. The measurement of serum leptin concentration is implemented through radioimmunoassay by request to SCL. 3. Results: Male subjects showed notable difference(p=0.033) in the comparison between constitution and serum leptin concentration corresponding to BMI levels. Tae-eumins showed the highest serum leptin concentration levels in the normal and overweight groups, followed by Soyangin and Soeumin. As the groups changed from overweight to obese, there was an interaction phenomenon in the order of serum leptin concentration levels(p=0.040). As a result, Soeumins showed the highest serum leptin concentration levels and Tae-eumins and Soyangins followed in place. Female subjects did not show statistically notable differences in comparison between constitution and serum leptin concentration corresponding to BMI levels(p=0.239). Serum leptin concentration levels among overweight and obese groups, resulted in the order of Soeumins, Tae-eumins, and Soyangins. But in the as groups changed from overweight to normal the order resulted in Tae-eumin, Soyangin, and Soeumin(p=0.660). 4. Conclusion: Due to a number of limitations in this study, the examination of the relation between constitution and leptin, a main hormone responsible for the digestion, appetite, and energy metabolism, resulted to be uncertain. But statistically notable differences were confirmed in male Tae-eumins with the consideration of BMI. Further examination of the relation between constitution and leptin is necessary through prospective studies with the restriction of confusion variables in the future.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.110-122
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• 2016

Objectives The purpose of this study was to develop the Sasangin Diagnostic Questionnaire for Specialist(SDQ_S) and to evaluate the reliability and validity of SDQ_S for standardization of sasang constitutional diagnosis by korean medicine Specialist in clinical practice.Methods SDQ_S was developed through discussions of three sasang constitutional medical specialist. We recruited 210 subjects aged from 20 to 70, and conducted the evaluation of SDQ_S and sasang constitutional diagnosis. For the reliability test, internal consistency was examined by calculating the cronbach's α coefficient on 88 items excepted measurements of trunk, and independence and agreement was examined by chi-square test and McNemar test for 84 subjects which retested SDQ_S. For the validity test, discriminant functions was derived from the sample group(105 subjects), and they were applied to the test group(105 subjects). We identified the hit-ratio of SDQ_S in the test group.Results and Conclusions In the reliability test, the cronbach's α coefficient was 0.664 and 87 items(98.9%) have dependent relationships between 1st test and 2nd test. And 39 items(44.3%) have high agreements(0.8≤McNemar), 26 items(29.5%) have common agreements(0.4≤McNemar<0.8). In the validity test, four discriminant variables(Soeum Index, Taeeum Index, Torso Ratio I, Taeyang Index) were selected, and two discriminant functions were derived. Total hit-ratio was 74.2%, and hit-ratio of Taeeumin(76.7%) was higher than that of Soeumin(75.9%) and Soyangin(69.7%). SDQ_S has good reliability and validity for sasang constitutional diagnosis.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2002

To understand characteristic of preservation of health in Sasang constitutional medicine, 1 first study preservation of health In ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Bogam${\lrcorner}$, and then study preservation of health in the ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun${\lrcorner}$ particularly Inherent vitality(命脈實數) and Regimen in ordinary life(生息充補之道) which shows early thought of Lee Je-ma. I acquire relation and difference between ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Bogam${\lrcorner}$ and Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun${\lrcorner}$, and conclude as follows. 1. In preservation of health ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Bogam${\lrcorner}$ says Ups and downs of Qi according to degree, tells congenital health and acquired care of health, grades Jin-In, Ji-In, Seong-In, Hyeon-In according to degree of moral culture, and especially emphasizes managing mind which is based on Taoism. 2. In ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Soose Bowon Sasang Chobongyun${\lrcorner}$ Dongmu divides human being to Sasangin(Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin, Soeumin) according to Large & small of viscera, and regards as determine lift span and rendition of disease & health according to Inherent vitality which is degree of Small viscera. 3. Inherent vitality of Sasangin is supplemented by Regimen in ordinary life. Because Regimen in ordinary life decreases according to age, Dongmu emphasizes managing mind through an autonomic Knowledge Deed to maintain Regimen in ordinary life. 4. In the way of managing mind ${\ulcorner}$Dongyi Bogam${\lrcorner}$ says Taoist moral culture, but Dongmu emphasized control of knowledge and Deed by Confucian moral culture and the mind of control others through confucian self-control.

• Journal of Korean Medical classics
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.139-172
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of research thesis is an advanced interpretation of the Name of Constitutional Disease of Dong-uisusebowon(東醫壽世保元) 1901 edition(辛丑本) evaluated to interpretation incompleted, and application of clinical diagnosis by rivised interpretation. Methods : A study on translation of sasangin(四象人)'s constitutional disease is researched the methods of documentary research on Dong-uisusebowon(東醫壽世保元) 1901 edition(辛丑本) and 1894 edition(甲午本). Results : Result of analysis of 4 meaning unit is as follows. Viscera or entrails means root or terminus of organ whom getting disease. Cold or heat based means being chilled or hot of triple energizer. Eexterior or interior means origin of disease of exterior or interior. Cold or heat means being chilled or hot of digestive system. Conclusions : In the clinical diagnosis using revised interpretaion, diagnosis of exterior or interior disease can be decided by symptoms of Taeyang syndrome(太陽病)'s fever and aversion to cold or not. Diagnosis of cold or heat disease can be decided by diarrhea or constipation.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.62-74
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• 2007

1. Objectives This study is a pilot study to investigate the Mongolian's morphologic characteristics of face according to Sasang Constitution. 2. Methods We had collected 100 cases of Mongolian and took pictures their frontal view, lateral view of face and measured height, breaths and projected length of face with Face Features Measurement Program(FFMP) and analyzed shape differences of face according to Sasang constitution. 3. Results and Conclusions (1) In the frontal view of female, there were 11 items(total 322 items) significantly different among three constitutions, and in lateral view 13 items(total 191 items). (2) In the frontal view of male, there were 88 items(total 322 items) significantly different among three constitutions, and in lateral view 46 items(total 191 items).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2007

1. Objectives This study is purposed to classify treatment and diagnosis of So-gal on the relationship of Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 2. Methods We compared conception, symptoms, mechanism and treatment of Sasangin's So-gal in ${\ulcorner}$Dongyisusebowon${\lrcorner}$ ${\ulcorner}$Gabobon${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$Sinchukbon${\lrcorner}$ and ${\ulcorner}$Chobongwon${\lrcorner}$. 3. Result and Conclusion (1) So-gal of Soyangin is general disease, it is important disease of interior heat syndrome. So-gal of Taeumin is troubled by dryness of the lung, category of interior heat syndrome, but it bring about various complication. So-gal of Soeumin is important point that divide seriousness of disease. (2) So-gal is interior heat syndrome, it is related to interior heat syndrome of Soyangin, Taeumin. So-gal of Soeumin expresses conclusion of seriousness regardless of exterior and interior disease. (3) So-gal is related to nature, it is most important disease to Soyangin who is apt to variation of nature.