• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.195-207
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• 2013

Objectives This study aimed to examine differences in the hepatic function disorders and prevalence rates of liver diseases in accordance with the Sasang constitutional type, and to analyze whether Sasang constitution is a significant risk factor for fatty liver. Methods A total of 1211 patients who underwent health check-up at the Ilsan Hospital of Dongguk University and had their physical constitutions diagnosed by a specialist in Sasang constitutional medicine from October 31, 2011 to September 28, 2012 were used as the subjects of this study. Presence of hepatobiliary diseases was analyzed from the results of the hepatic function test, lipid test and viral hepatitis infection marker test in the biochemistry tests, and abdominal ultrasonography. Results & Conclusion Subjects of the study were composed of 691 males and 520 females and, in terms of Sasang constitution distribution, 550 Taeeumin, 343 Soeumin and 318 Soyangin. As the results of analysis of prevalence rates in accordance with Sasang constitutions, significant differences were observed in the prevalence rates of abnormal groups in the cases of AST, ALT, GGT, Triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol, and all of their prevalence rates were in the descending order of Taeeumin, Soyangin and Soeumin. Soeumin displayed significantly higher positive rate for HBs Ab in comparison to Taeeumin and Soyangin. In the results of abdominal ultrasonography, the prevalence rates of fatty liver displayed significant differences and were in the descending order of Taeeumin, Soyangin and Soeumin. And as the result of logistic regression analysis in order to find the risk factors of fatty liver, the Sasang constitution was found to be a significant risk factor for fatty liver. The odds ratio of Taeeumin in fatty liver was found to be 1.634 higher than Soeumin and 1.773 higher than Soyangin

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.1-6
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• 2008

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the seasonal variation in stroke types, ischemic stroke subtypes, stroke risk factors and Sasang constitutions. Methods: 226 patients with acute stroke within 14 days onset were included, who were admitted to Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center from November 2005 to October 2006. The year was subdivided into four parts: spring (March-May); summer (June-August); fall (September-November); and winter (December-February). Stroke types, ischemic stroke subtypes, stroke risk factors and Sasang constitutions in the four groups were examined. Results: Ischemic stroke was most frequent in summer, whereas hemorrhagic stroke was most frequent in winter. There was no significant difference in seasonal variation of stroke. The frequency of ischemic heart disease among stroke risk factors was significantly high in spring (p=0.031). The frequency of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, atrial fibrillation, and hyperlipidemia did not differ among seasons. There was no significant difference in Sasang constitution among seasons. Frequency of small vessel occlusion was highest in summer. Large artery atherosclerosis was frequent in spring and summer,but seasonal variation of ischemic stroke subtypes did not show statistical difference. Conclusion: Acute stroke demonstrates seasonal characteristics according to stroke types, ischemic stroke subtypes, risk factors for stroke, and Sasang constitutions. These results have important clinical implications in stroke prevention.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2007

Objectives : This study investigated stroke types, ischemic stroke subtypes, risk factors for stroke, stroke complications and Sasang constitutions in both sexes. Methods : 307 patients with acute stroke within 14 days onset were included, who were admitted to Kyunghee Oriental Medical Center from October 2005 to May 2007. Stroke types, ischemic stroke subtypes, risk factors for stroke, stroke complications and Sasang constitutions in both sexes were examined. Results : Mean age was higher among women than men (64.82${\pm}$10.21 years versus 62.18${\pm}$11.52 years for the 137 female and 170 male patients, respectively, p=0.037). There were no significant differences in stroke type, ischemic stroke subtypes, or stroke risk factors except smoking and Sasang constitutions. Current smoking was more frequent in male patients (p<0.001). Stroke complications, especially urinary tract infection (UTI), were significantly more common in women (p=0.002). Conclusion : Sex does not seem to influence stroke types, ischemic stroke subtypes, or stroke risk factors except current smoking and Sasang constitutions. UTI should be taken into consideration to manage female stroke patients. Smoking cessation is indicated to prevent stroke in men.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.1443-1445
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• 2005

The causes of schizophrenia are multifactorial and stress-diathesis model is one of the supporitive causes. This study is aimed for Sasang Constitutional tendency of schizophrenic patients. 20 Subjects are recruited from Gunsan Mental Health Center. They agreed with this study in advance and visited Daeya Public Health Center to interview with Sasang Constitutional Specialist. Their Sasang Constitution types are determined by QSCC II and interview with specialist. Taeumin and Soyangin are prevelant among the 20 cases of schizophrenic subjects visiting Public Health Center; 10 subjects are Taeumin, 9 subjects are Soyangin and 1 subject is Soeumin.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2009

1. Objectives The purpose of this study is to find the ground why constitution must be classified into 4 types. 2. Methods I analysed the basic presuppositions to class 4 Type Constitution in Sasang Constitutional Medicine(SCM). And I connected the presuppositions with other theories from the viewpoint of directional properties of human body. 3. Results and Conclusions The most important presupposition to class 4 Type Constitution and apply to clinical therapy in SCM is that there is native strength and weakness of lung's Exhale Dispersing Qi, liver's Inhale Gathering Qi, spleen's Ascending Yin Qi and kidney's Descending Yang Qi. If there is superior tendency of Qi flow direction in human body, 6 directions(upward, downward, forward, backward, outward and inward) will be remarkable. But, in embryonic period, the outer skin is originated from the back(ectoderm) and the alimentary canal is from the front(endoderm). Therefore 4 directions(upward, downward, outward and inward) will be more remarkable, and those directions are included in the former presupposition.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.123-131
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• 2002

Glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms (GST) were examined in 98 cases with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) to test the hypothesis that GST polymorphisms confer a risk to an individual to develop CVD. Tobacco smoke is a major cause of both cancer and vascular disease. We therefore were stratified the subjects with CVD for smoking status, and then examined whether polymorphisms in this detoxification enzyme gene, GST, influence risk of CVD. Neither GSTM1 nor GSTT1 genotypes in the CVD group was significantly different from the control group (n=230), even in smokers. We attempted the combined analyses for GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes in CVD for smoking status. No significant association observed between the combined genotypes and CVD. We also classified the subjects and control group into four types according to Sasang Constitutional Medicine, Korean Traditional Oriental Medicine, and investigated the association among GST genotypes, CVD, and Sasang constitutional classification. Our observations do not confirm the effect of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genotypes as a risk factor for CVD, even in smokers. Furthermore, we first attempted to evaluate the efficacy of Sasang Constitutional Medicine, and to find an association with CVD.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.22-29
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• 2007

1. Objectives Sasang Contitutional Medicine, a part of the traditional Korean medical lore, treats illness through a constitutional typing system that categorizespeople into four constitutional types. A few of the important criteria for differentiating the constitutional types are external appearances, inner state of mind, and pathological patterns. We had been developing a 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus (3D-AFRA) in order to evaluate the external appearances with more objectivity. This apparatus provides a 3D image and numerical data on facial configuration, and this study aims to evaluate the mechanical accuracy of the 3D-AFRA hardware. 2. Methods Several objects of different shapes (cube, cylinder, cone, pyramid) were each scanned 10 times using the 3D Automatic Face Recognition Apparatus (3D-AFRA). The results were then compared and analyzed with data retrieved through a laser scanner known for its high accuracy. The error rates were analyzed for each grid point of facial contour scanned with Rapidform2006 (Rapidform2006 is a 3D scanning software that collects grid point data for contours of various products and products and product parts through 3D scanners and other 3D measuring devices; the grid point data thusly acquired is then used to reconstruct highly precise polygon and curvature models). 3. Results and Conclusions The average error rate was 0.22mm for the cube, 0.22mm for the cylinder, 0.125mm for the cone, and 0.172mm for the pyramid. The visual data comparing error rates for measurement figures retrieved with Rapidform2006 is shown in $Fig.3{\sim}Fig.6$. Blue tendency indicates smaller error rates, while red indicates greater error rates The protruding corners of the cube display red, indicating greater error rates. The cylinder shows greater error rates on the edges. The pyramid displays greater error rates on the base surface and around the vertex. The cone also shows greater error around the protruding edge.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.110-121
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• 2014

Objectives The purpose of this study was to report the effects of Korean medical treatment (acupuncture, moxibustion, herb medicine) combined with intense pulsed light (IPL) on three postpartum patients with freckles worsened during pregnancy. Methods and Results The postpartum patients with freckles were treated with acupuncture, moxibustion, herbal medication and IPL. The energy density of IPL was selected modified according to skin types classified by Sasang constitutional medicine. This efficacy of treatment was evaluated with observation. After treatment, freckles as well as various postpartum symptoms are improved. Conclusions This case report shows that the Korean medical treatment combined with IPL is effective in the treatment of postpartum patient's freckles. However further studies are still necessary.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2002

We analyzed 44 and 16 types of herbal medicines for Taeumin and Taeyangin, clinically applied in Dongyisoosebowon. In order to discover the standard of herbal classification for the Sasang constitutions, four concepts of Sasang Medicine were applied. These included 'Sadangron (theory of four groups)', 'Seungganggaehap (ascending-descending and gathering-dispersing)', 'Pyorihanyoul (exterior-interior and hot-cold)',and 'Hyungchiaekmi (fragrance, smell, bodily fluid and taste)'. According to these analyzing methods of herbal properties, we have reached the following conclusions: Herbal medicines for 'Taeumin' are characterized by opening energetics that reinforce dispersing Qi. The 'Exterior cold disease' is treated with herbs that ventilate the lungs and disperse dampness in three ways: by moistening the lungs, by releasing exterior, and by resolving dampness. The 'Interior heat disease' is treated with herbs that clear the liver and disperse heat in two ways. One by clearing liver heat through dispersing damp-heat of the small intestine and the other by opening orifices. Herbal medicines for Taeyangin are characterized by those that gather energy inward. They include herbs that treat beriberi, dystrophy of the extremities and vomiting, as well as, fish, shellfish, fruits and vegetable.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2001

We analyzed 45 types of herbal medicines for Soyangin, clinically applied in Dongyisoosebowon. In order to discover the standard of herbal classification for the Sasang constitutions, four concepts of Sasang Medicine were applied. These included 'Sadangron(theory of four groups)', 'Seungganggaehap(ascending-descending and gathering-dispersing)', 'Pyorihanyoul(exterior-interior and hot-cold)', and 'Hyungchiaekmi(fragrance, smell, bodily fluid and taste)'. According to these analyzing methods of herbal properties, we have reached the following conclusions: Herbal medicines for 'Soyangin' are characterized by descending energetics that reinforce the Yin Qi. The 'Exterior cold disease' is treated with herbs that descend the "Exterior Yin" in five ways: by releasing exterior, by resolving dampness, by clearing and transforming heat phlegm, by clearing heat, and by settling and calming the spirit. The 'Interior heat disease' is treated with herbs that raise the "Interior Yang" in three ways: by tonifying kidney Yin, by clearing heat, and by clearing heat and purging.