• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.21-46
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• 2008

Though modern medicine has taken rapid strides, varieties of intractable maladies and diseases go on increasing more and more. And so medical technologies and academic achievements related to diagnoses and prognoses are being carried on. As the progress of genetics, all sorts of diseases have proved to be hereditary. This makes efficient use of the prevention of diseases. According to Sasang-Constitution medicine, each person inherently possesses a unique constitution different from that of any other person. The shapes and sizes, temperaments and characters of people have enormous variations that must affect our health and happiness. Without understanding our particular constitution, we must fall into poor health and disease. The food and exercise that are good for one person's constitution may not be good for another. No standardized medicine can adequately deal with our individual variations. Only a system that can discern our different constitutional types has this capacity. This paper is to study Life-Regulating Science that has taken firm root in our culture from time immemorial, so that I suggest the methods of diagnoses and prognoses by using Life-Regulating Science. In the medical texts, psychological imbalances of Eum-Yang and Five Phases generate all kinds of diseases. Accordingly visceral manifestation and diseases as a future possibility may be known by the Four Pillars.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2024

Objectives: Pulse is a method of Korean medicine diagnosis and is an important clue to detect the organs, nature, and progress of the disease. Pulse examination is included in the basic examination of Korean medicine doctors, but there is no standardized method for diagnosing pulse although the types and methods of the pulse taking are briefly described in the literature, making it difficult to spread the examination method. In this regard, I would like to propose an objective evaluation method. Methods: Although the importance of pulse examination and the method of pulse examination are known in the literature, it is difficult for undergraduate students or inexperienced Korean medicine doctors to access it, so in this paper a method of marking the size of the pulse power in the blank space for objective evaluation was devised and presented. Results: The size of the pulse power should be indicated using the 1-cell, 3-cell, or 5-cell method according to the left and right wrists and the cun, guan and chi on both sides. Conclusion: The method of pulse diagnosis is an important diagnostic method as a verification process for making a Korean medical diagnosis. The remaining Korean medicine diagnostic methods, including pulse diagnosis, also need to undergo objectification. It is believed that the objectification of these diagnostic methods will lead to an improvement in the treatment rate of Korean medicine.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.59-84
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution and the linkage characteristics of the warehousing industry in Busan and to provide the policy implications for the warehousing industry in Korean port hinterland. We surveyed the warehousing firms in Busan. Categorizing the warehousing industry into industry types, sizes, and organization types on the basis of the survey, we attempted the point pattern analysis and the proximity analysis using the GIS. The warehousing industry in Busan had changed from a small single-unit firm to a medium or a large firm with a head office or branches. These were distributed in hinterland of North Harbor, South Harbor & Gamcheon Harbor, and Sin-Pyoung & Jang-Rim industrial complex and Sasang Industrial Complex constituting the spatial agglomeration. The warehousing industry in Busan formed the linkages with other sectors of the same logistics to provide manufacturing industries with various other services as well as storage services. The linkages were largely formed in the local scope with spatial proximity, generating the economic gains of agglomeration, which were transformed into the efficiency of the warehousing industry in the local scope to gradually expand the spatial dimensions of the linkages.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.115-124
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• 2006

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between the biological base of coping strategy and the different constitutions. First of all, subjects were divided in to 3 groups dy Questionnaire for the Sasang Constitution Classification II and Yin-Yang Property Analysis. Then each group was assigned into two experimental coping conditions, active and passive condition, in turn. The SDNN(The Standard Deviation of the NN Intervals) of HRV(Heart rate variability) index was estimated from two conditions after giving a aversive pain stimulus. The results of the study were as follows 1. The interaction between constitution and coping condition is significant(p<0.05). 2. The SDNNs of Shaoyangren are higher than those of Taiyinren under passive condition but it was opposite under active condition(p<0.05). 3. The main effect of constitution is also significant but that of coping condition is not significant. 4. Thee Shaoyangren is higher than Shaoyinren in multiple comparisons(p<0.05). 5. The interaction between Yin-Yang constitution and coping condition is significant and the main effect of only constitution is significant(p<0.05). According to these results, different constitution can respond differently to coping condition and It is highly related to biological mechanism associated with two basic coping strategies.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.245-261
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• 1997

The investigation were carried out the 37 patient with cerebrovascular accidents who had been treated in Oriental Medical Hospital in Kyung Hee University and in KangNam Uy Lim, and the 10 examinees who had been worked in Medical Hospital in Kyung Hee University. The consitution which had discriminated by survey, which had discriminated by study on the morphological diagrammings, which had discriminated by the result of the impatient of hospital on a dosage of constitutial prescription. The Prostaglandin E2 in blood for 47 persons (37 patients & 10 examinees) was measured. The following results were obtained. 1.In the constitution which had discriminated by survey, in the value of Prostaglandin E2 in bood of ammong four constitutiens didn,t showed significant differance. 2.In the constitution which had discriminated by study on the morphological diagrammings, in the value of Prostaglandin E2 in bood of ammong four constitutiens didn,t showed significant differance. 3.In the constitution which had discriminated by the result of patient of hospital on a dosage of constitutial prescription, the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of among four constitutions didn,nt showed signicant differance. 4.In the constitution which had discriminated by colligated three methods(survey, morphological diagrammings,the result of patient of hospital on a dosage of constitutial prescription), the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of ammong four constituion didn,t showed significant differnce. 5.In the constitution which had discriminated by survey, a test of significance between the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of each constitution and the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of the others was conducted. Only the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood between in the TAE-EUM-IN(太陰人) and the others of female showed significant differance. 6.In the constitution which had discriminated by study on the morphological diagrammings,a test of significance between the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of each constitution and the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of the others was conducted. Only the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood between in the SO-EUM-IN(少陰人) and the others of male showed significant differance. 7.In the constitution whichhad discriminated by the result of patient of hospital on a dosage of constitutial prescription,a test of significance between the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of each constitution and the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of the others was conducted. Only the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood between in the TAE-EUM-IN(太陰人) and the others of male showed significant differance. 8.In the constitution which had discriminated was the colligated three methods(survey,morphological diagrammings,the result of patient of hospital on a dosage of constitutial prescription),a test of significance between the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of each constitution and the value of Prostaglandin E2 in blood of the others didn,t showed significant differnce. In this connected study is inadequete at present. But if the study is done persistently,the analysis of various ingredient in the body enables objectification in differentiation of four types of physical constitution as the supplemental method.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.43-67
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• 1995

By making use of the EVA(Electroacupuncture acc. Voll) combined meridian theory of oriental medicine with electronics which was contrived to recognize the physiological and pathological changes of human body, the following conclusions were made in comparison with EAV measurements and types of symptoms(anxiety & headache, fatigue, palpitation, dizzness, abdominal distension, nausea, gastric distubance, constipation & diarrhea, fatty liver, CVA), QSCC, and blood type test. 367 patients including 124 with nervous gastrointestinal problems were selected for this research. 1. From the point of variance of the tested patients 124 nervous gastrointestinal patients, Liver meridian and Spleen meridian showed Hyperenergia and Large intestine meridian, Circulation meridian, Tripe warmer meridian showed hypoergia. 2. In each symptom as the nervous gastrointestinal symptom Liver Meridian showed hyperenergia, Large intestine meridian, Circulation meridian and Triple warmer meridian showed hypoergia. 3. In an objective Comparison with other symptoms, firstly among the headache & anxiety group left Gall Bladder, Triple warmer and Stomach meridian showed remarkable hypoergia, secondly among fatigue group showed hypoergia in Triple warmer meridian and hyperenergia of Stomach meridian, and thirdly among palpitation group showed hypoergia of Kidney meridian, and lastly among dizzness group showed hypoergia of Gall bladder, Stomach, Circulation and Small intestine meridian. 4. All of gastric distubance, nausea, abdominal distention, constipation and diarrhea group showed hyperenergia in Stomach meridian and spleen meridian, gastric disturbance group showed remarkably hypoergia in Circulation, Small intestine, Lung and Large intestine meridian, Nausea group showed hypoergia of large intestine, Constipation and diarrhea group showed hypoergia of Kidney and left Circulation meridian. 5. Fatty liver group showed hyperenergia of Liver meridian of 83.3%, Gall Bladder, stomach and Spleen meridian, Urinary bladder and Kidney meridian showed hypoergia. 6. CVA group showed hyperenergia in Liver and Corculation meridian. 7. Blood type in typical classification had on signigicant bearings on each other. 8. QSCC for the attempt of objective materials of constitutional diagnosis had no correlaticity in comparison with EAV measurements. In conclusion EAV is thought be used as a diagnostic method in oriental medicine and further research is needed regarding it can be used as useful method for verifying the characteristics and early finding of symptoms.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.5-29
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• 1992

In this study, the author researched the process in which the philosophical basis of 'Sa Sang Medicine (四象醫學)' and its methodology build up the principles of Sa Sang Medicine, and then, examined how the principles were applied to the theoretical system of Sa Sang Medicine. The conclusion would be summarized as follows. 1. 'Nae Kyung Medicine (內經醫學)' was developed under the concept that the cosmos's order and its moving rule could be directly applied to that of human body, which corresponded to the 'Theory of Hwang-No (黃老之學)'. On the contrary, Sa Sang Medicine is a thoroughly human-oriented theory formed in the Confucianism system. 2. Lee Jae-Ma's Substantialism can be briefed into 'Mind 心' (Tae Keuk 太極), 'Mind-Body 心身' (Yang Eui 兩儀) and 'Activity-Mind-Body-Matter 事心身物' (Sa Sang 四象), which respectively represents one-elemented substance, two-elemented substance and four-elemented substance. Especially, Sa Sang was used as a basic framework in which he recognized all the objects and phenomena. So, most critical significance of his substantialism consists in the intention of Sa Sang type classifying. 3. By the method of Sa Sang type classifying, Lee Jae-Ma not only redefined the main concepts of confucianism and developed a unique philosophy of his own, but also, in the field of medical science, resystemized and re-explained the structure and function of human body. 4. From the recognition that Activity-Mind-body-Matter (Sa Sang) are four different existence forms of energy 氣 (or four variation types of energy), Yi Jae-Ma thinks that the viscera of human body have a vertical structure of 'four parts 四焦' (upper, mid-upper, mid-lower and lower parts) and its physiological function is operated by the rising and falling action of four energy presentations (sorrow 哀, anger 怒, joy 喜 and pleasure 樂). 5. In "Gyuk Chi Go 格致藁", Lee Jae-Ma understood the concept of joy, anger, sorrow and pleasure on the basis of nature-emotion theory 性情論 from the philosophical viewpoint. But, from the medical viewpoint of "Dong Eui Su Se Bo Won 東醫壽世保元", he understood them on the basis of vital energy theory. That is, sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure are expression of advance or reverse of nature vital-energy 性氣 and emotion vital-energy 情氣. 6. The rising and falling action principle of four energy presentations (sorrow, anger, joy and pleasure) which produces and helps each other is an identical principles of Sa Sang Medicine, distinguished from the Oh-Haeng 五行 circulating principle in Nae Kyung Medicine. Through this principle, Lee Jae-Ma explained the viscera physiology of human body, pathology & diagnosis and pharmacology.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.39 no.6 s.181
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• pp.753-770
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• 2006

In urban areas, groundwater pollution is heavily affected by urbanization with land use types. This study aims to characterize groundwater quality and contamination in Sasang industrial area of Busan Metropolitan City where metalworking, machinery and footwear factories are located. Busan Metropolitan City is the highest in the utilization of groundwater resources among the metropolitan cities in Korea. $K^+,\;Na^+,\;Ca^{2+},\;Mg^{2+},\;Cl^-,\;SO_4^{2-}\;and\;HCO_3^-$ concentrations, and electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and salinity are high in the areas near the Nakdong River. The results are attributed to the influence of salt water which intruded into the coastal sediments during sedimentation. In addition, the dominant chemical type of Ca-Cl indicates the influence of salt water in the geological formations as well as anthropogenic pollution. $SiO_2$ ion is interpreted to originate from both water-silicate mineral reactions and the decomposition of cement concretes. Trichloroethylene (TCE) was detected at 12 sites of total 18 sites. However, tetrachloroethylene (PCE) was detected at f sites and 1.1.1-trichloroethane (TCA) at 3 sites. According to the factor analysis, factor 1 was explained by 49.8%, factor 2 19.8%, and factor 3 11.0% with total 80.6% explanation. pH, TDS, salinity, $Ca^{2+},\;K^+,\;Mg^{2+},\;Na^+,\;Al^{3+},\;As^{3+},\;Cl^-\;and\;Fe^{2+}$ were positively highly loaded to factor 1. The chemical components loaded to factor 1 represent the chemical characteristics of both industrial pollution and influence by salt water. Based on the cluster analysis and distribution pattern of chemical components, the concentration of $Na^+,\;Ca^{2+},\;Cl^-,\;SO_4^{2-}\;K^+,\;and\;Mg^{2+}$ is high in the riverside area of the Nakdong River composed of coastal sediments that is influenced by salt water. The downstream area of the Hakjang Stream is judged to be affected by both salt water and artificial pollution. The other part of the study area is interpreted by anthropogenic pollution.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.203-212
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• 2000

Objective : We studied only patients at the acute stage but existing studies on stroke didn't almost classify the stage. We examined 243 patients admitted to the Woo Suk university oriental medical hospital from January 1998 to December 1999 for 2 years. Methods : We analyzed patients into sex, Sasang constitution, the incidence and lesion according to the stroke types, post and family history, onset time, period to admission and physical treatment from onset, and symptom, blood pressure, cholesterol level and herb medicine at entry. Results : Our study was similar to existing studies in the distribution of sex, age and the lesion of stroke, post and family history, and symptoms at entry. But it differed in the constitution, incidence of cerebral infarction and intracranial hemorrhage, attack time, period to admission and physical treatment from onset day, and the symptoms, blood pressure, cholesterol level and herb medication. In comparison between infarction and hemorrhage patients, there was some difference in the distribution of onset time, but wasn't in the cholesterol level. Conclusions : Our study on the acute stage of stroke was similar to existing studies in the general characteristics. But it showed some differences in the herb medicine at entry. In particular, there were much differences in the blood pressure at entry and the incidence of infarction and hemorrhage. We hoped that stroke patients would be synthetically studied in western and oriental medicine.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.227-239
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• 1993

The author selected 77 dust emissing processes from 71 types of industries which placed in Sasang Industrial Complex in Pusan. The level of total dust was measured as areal concentration and personal exposure concentration by low volume air sampler and personal air sampler, respectively. Collected samples were classified into 5 groups (chemicals and rubber product, metal product, sawmills and wood, foundries and others). Respirable particulate and total dust of areal and personal exposure were analyzed. The results were as follows; 1. All of the respirable dust concentration and total dust of areal and personal concentration were log-normally distributed. 2. Geometric mean of respirable particulate of personal exposure concentration measured $0.55mg/m^3$ in the first group, $0.86mg/m^3$ in the second group, $0.39mg/m^3$ in the third group, $0.81mg/m^3$ in the forth group and $0.52mg/m^3$ in the fifith group. The exceed rates over TLV (thehold limit values) of total dust were 31.3% in the first group, 31.3% in the second group, 70% in the third group, 80% in the forth group and 13.3% in the fifth group. 3. There were singnificant difference between areal and personal exposure concentration and personal exposure concentration was higher than that of area. 4. In the case of high ratio of respirable particulate to total dust, pneumoconiosis incidence was high even though the workshop was opened and emissing dust concentration was low. These findings suggest that it is desirable to measure respirable particulate in environmental assessment of dust emissing workshops.