• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2004

1. Objects of Research This research is purposed to find Dong-mu's thought on Pharmacology, through summarizing sentences related to pharmacology proposed in the chief writings on Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 2. Methods of Research It was researched bibliologically with Dong-mu's chief medical writings such as "Dongyi Suse Bowon Sasang Chobongyun(東醫壽世保元四象草本卷)", "Dong-mu's posthumos work(東武遺藁)", "Dongyi Suse Bowon(東醫壽世保元)". 3. Results and Conclusions 1. The grouping criteria according to the constitution proposed in "Dongyi Suse Bowon Sasang Chobongyun" is 'Spreading Outside' 'Hardening Inside' 'Cooling Organ' 'Warming Inside', but the grouping of medical herbs according to the constitution is yet not accomplished, and medical herbs is comprehended on base of effectiveness as like existing oriental medicine. 2. The grouping criteria according to the constitution proposed in "Dong-mu's posthumos work"is 'Spreading Choking Raising Lowering' and 'Perfume Smell Fluid Taste', and medical herbs is comprehended on base of effectiveness as like "Chobongyun", and the example on mixing of the herb classified according to the constitution is showed. 3. The medical herbs are comprehended on the basis of how to effect on treatment of constitutional disease, and the principle that it's not to mix of the herb classified according to the constitution is proposed in "Dongyi Suse Bowon". 4. The pharmacology of Sasang Constitutional Medicine is accomplished after it is modified many ti mes through clinic experience for a long time. 5. The pharmacology of Sasang Constitutional Medicine in the early period, is to comprehend herbs on the basis of how to complement 'Spreading Gathering Raising Lowering' of 'Small-Organ(偏小之臟)' according 'Qi-Mei(氣味)' and effectiveness, but that in the late period is to comprehend herbs on the basis of how to complement or to control 'Small-Organ(偏小之臟)' and 'Large Organ(偏大之臟)'.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.105-110
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• 2004

Objectives : Sasang Constitutional Medicine is based on the diversity of human beings and medically developing a variation of responses to diseases and medicines. This diversity is categorized into four concerning morphology, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. It is supposed that sasang constitutional medicine is related the genetic diversity of individuals. Single nucleotide polymorphism is the basic tool to research genetic polymorphism as a landmark of genomes. Each constitution has different processes of pathophysiology and metabolisms to herb medications. In clinical research, the stroke incidence is significantly different by constitution. Methods : We researched whether the polymorphic expression of CCK (rs=2241997) depends on sasang constitution. The [c/t] polymorphism site of promotor region of CCK gene on 3p22-p21.3 was investigated. Results : The allele frequency of [c/t] polymorphism of CCK promotor region was different in constitution groups compared to the average allele frequency of SNP DB. The allele frequencies of Soeumin and Soyangin groups were (c:0.70/t:0.30). and (c:0.71/t:0.29), that of Taeumin group was (c:0.57/t:0.43) and of Taeyangin group was (c:1.00/t:0.00) Conclusions : It was regarded the [c/t] polymorphism of CCK promotor region is available to classify the constitution. However, it is necessary to research about CCK gene polymorphism and more constitution population groups. It is also necessary to research the more functional gene's polymorphism and sasang constitution.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.753-757
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• 2010

The objectives of this paper is to propose the pharmacoepidemiologic methodology to Research for Sasang Constitutional Pharmacology. We mainly searched "Journal of Pharmacoepidemiology and Risk Management". And we also searched "J Korean Oriental Med.", "J of Sasang Constitutional Med.", "J. Oriental Physiology & Pathology", "Korean J Orient Int Med." using these kew words - "adverse event" or "side effect" and "Sasang Contitution" or "Constitution" or "Constitutional medicine". Through the examination of the Pharmacoepidemiologic methodology and current research for sasang constitiutional pharmacology, we could establish the proposal to collect objective constitutional medical reaction. For the actualization of this proposal, the more advanced studies will have to be carried out continuously.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.104-111
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• 2004

Sasang Constitutional Medicine is a major branch of Korean Traditional Oriental Medicine. The differences of disease susceptibility to be shown in Sasang constitution may be due to genetic factors. Therefore, we examined interrelationship among cerebral infarction (CI), apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphism, and Sasang constitutional classification. ApoE is a key protein modulating the highly atherogenic apoB containing lipoproteins and is a candidate gene for the development of coronary artery disease (CAD). The ${\varepsilon}2\;and/or\;{\varepsilon}4$ alleles were the first to be implicated in premature CAD, which resulted in this polymorphism being extensively studied. We investigated the association between apoE genotype and CI by case-control study in a Korean population. We also classified CI patients and control group into groups according to Sasang Constitutional Medicine. 196 CI patients and 379 controls without CI were examined. ApoE genotype was determined by 8% polyacrylamide gel separation after DNA amplification. A significant difference in the apoE genotype distribution was observed in the CI patients compared with that in controls ($X^{2}$=14.920, df=4, P=0.005). Also, the frequency of Taeumin constitution in patients with CI was significantly higher than that in controls (58.0% vs. 36.9%; P<0.001). However, the Taeumin constitution did not enhance the relative risk for CI in the subjects with apoE ${\varepsilon}2\;and/or\;{\varepsilon}4$ alleles. No differences in the apoE genotypes frequencies were observed in the Taeumin compared with that in the other constitutions. In addition, we investigated whether the DD genotype of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene, a candidate gene for CI, was associated with CI, Taeumin constitution, and apoE polymorphism. As a result, the frequency of Taeumin constitution was significantly higher in CI patients with both apoE ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}4$ and ACE ID/DD genotypes than in the remaining Sasang constitutions (14.5% vs. 8.3% and 0%) ($X^{2}$=13.521, df=6, P=0.035). In summary, we concluded that the apoE polymorphism is a major risk factor for CI in Koreans and the ACE ID/DD genotype enhanced the relative risk for CI in the subjects with apoE ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}4$ genotype and Taeumin constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.21-44
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• 1995

Dong-Mu's philosophy is based on the postulation of "Sa Sim Sin Mul". The attempt to actualize the postulation is seen through the books "Kyuc chigo"and "Dongeuisusebowon". That is to say the physiology, pathology and pharmacology of Sasang based on Dong-Mu's philosoghy all belong to the category of Sa Sim sin Mul. But the interpretations of Sasang prescription have been made as "The recipe for symtoms", it is different from Dong-Mu's view. Appearing of disease can interpretate the strength and weakness o resistance based on the constitution. So, I tried to analogize properties of drugs showed in his writings on the assumption of resistance of the constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.90-97
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• 2002

Sasang Constitutional Medicine is based on the diversity of human being and medically developed the variation of response to diseases and medicines. The diversity is categorized as four groups Taeyangin, Taeumin, Soyangin, Soeumin according to morphology, physiology, pathology, and pharmacology. The phenotypes of Sasang constitutions represent that constitutions may be possessed of the different genetic backgrounds. To clarify the genetic difference among the Sasang constitutions, we performed a genetic analysis with the 3'-UTR polymorphism of ADPRT (rs=8679) as a pooled DNA sequencing method. ADPRT modulates various nuclear proteins by poly(ADP-ribosy)lation and is involved in the regulation of various cellular processes such as differentiation, proliferation, and tumor transformation. This gene is also involved in the recovery of cell from DNA damage and the brain infarction. The allele frequencies of [T/C] polymorphism of ADPRT of Soeumin and Soyangin groups were (T: 0.94/C: 0.06) and that of Taeumin and Taeyangin groups were (T: l.00/C: 0.00). The allele frequency was not showed the difference between constitution groups. This result represented that the [T/C] polymorphism of ADPRT 3' UTR region was not suitable to classify the constitutions. However, this study is the first trial of Sasang classification according to genetic polymorphism and further analysis will be necessarily to classify the genetic difference of Sasang constitution.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.127-157
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• 1995

Dong-Mu's philosophy is based on the postulation of 'Sa Sim Sin Mul'. The attempt toactualize the postulation is seen through the books 'Kyun chigo' and 'Dongeuisusebowon'. That is to say the physiology, pathology and pharmacology of Sasang based on Dong-Mu's philosophy all belong to the category of Sa Sim Sin Mul. But the interpretations of Sasang prescription have been made as 'The recipe for symptoms'. it is different from Dong-Mu's view. Appearing of disease can interpretate the strength and weakness of resistance based on the constitution. So, I tried to analogize properties of drugs showed in his writings on the assumption of resistance of the constitution.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.44-52
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• 2009

1. Objectives Jeong-Jo's death has many mistery. So we understand rightly Jeong-Jo's death. we inspect closely medical records of 20 days before death(in The Annals of the Choson Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄), Hong Je Jun Se(弘齋全書)， GukSoBoGam(國朝寶鑑). We understand medical treatment before death. It is based on Jeong-Jo's Constitution. So we trace the cause of a Jeong-Jo's death rightly. 2. Methods According to The Annals of the Choson Dynasty(朝鮮王朝實錄), Hong Je Jun Se(弘齋全書) GukSoBoGam(國朝寶鑑). We found out Jeoung-Jo's Sasang constitutional elemet. We point on Jeoung-Jo's nature and emotion, temperament and talent, features and way of speaking, physical appearance, healthy state, ordinary symptom, pathological syndromes and pharmacology. so documentary records was worthy of notice. 3. Results and conclusions 1. Jeong-Jo has prominent cheekbones,flat face. It belong to Tae-eum. 2. Jeong-Jo's physical appearance is mild,around,large. It belong ro Tae-eum. 3. Jeong-Jo's favorite food and herb were belong to Tae-eum interior febrile disease herb. which is Exhale Dispersing Qi 4. So even though Jeoung-Jo is Tae-eum, He had a weak body. It main cause that Smoking, insomnia, heave work, Hwa disease. 5. Jeong-Jo's is Interior febrile disease induced form the liver affected by heat in Tae-eumin

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.53-59
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• 2020

Dietary habits are known to be closely related not only to chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, but also to self-rated health (SRH). Consequently, there is a highly important lifestyle component in maintaining a healthy life. The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation between diverse dietary habits based on the Sasang constitutions (SC) and SRH. The data were collected from 2,984 participants who met the constitution pharmacology criteria and whose SC were clinically confirmed by SC professionals. Dietary habits were observed by assessing the regularity of diet, meal volume, and meal speed; single-answer questions were used for SRH. Fisher's exact/chi-square test and logistic regression were used to analyze the correlation between dietary habits depending on constitutional type and SRH. In association with constitutional SRH, the Taeum type is related to the amount of meal, the Soeum and Soyang types are related to the regularity of meal and meal volume. In the Taeum type, there was a significantly higher risk of lower SRH when meal volumes were irregular less than previous amounts. Irregular diet, as well as increased or decreased meal volume, negatively correlated with SRH in the Soeum type; in the Soyang type, irregular diet and decreased or irregular meal volume negatively affected SRH. This showed the presence of the different effects of dietary habits on health depending on constitution and also confirmed the association of the regularity of diet and meal volume based on constitution and the frequency of bad dietary habits with SRH. We suggest that personalized healthcare with adequate dietary improvement considering constitution is needed for health management or improvement.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.11-23
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• 2015

Objectives : Through a comparative study between Sasang constitutional medicine and Syndrome identification and treatment medicine about the theory of diagnosis, the theory of herbal medicine, the theory of prescription, the theory of acupuncture and constitutional medicine to put forward a complementary perfect solution which has good clinical utility. Methods : We compared and sorted out the textbook of Korean Sasang constitutional medicine which named Sasang medicine, and also the textbook of Chinese TCM which was including Basic theory of TCM, Diagnostics of TCM, Science of Chinese materia medica, Pharmacology of traditional Chinese medical formulae, Science of acupuncture and moxibustion, Constitution of TCM, and also related papers. Results : (1) Through a comparative study between Sasang constitutional medicine and Syndrome identification and treatment medicine about diagnosis, herbal medicine, prescription and acupuncture, Sasang constitutional medicine is a medical system which gives priority to balance of organs, when Syndrome identification and treatment medicine is a medical system that gives priority to improve symptom. (2) The prescriptions of Sasang constitutional medicine are used for the treatment of basic pathogenesis in the chronic stage of the disease, which can recover vital qi, when Syndrome identification and treatment medicine are used for the treatment of stage pathogenesis in the acute stage of the disease, which can get rid of pathogenic factors. (3) There are two kind of complementary perfect solution between Sasang constitutional medicine and Syndrome identification and treatment medicine. One perfect complementary medicine is that Sasang constitutional medicine plays a major role when Syndrome identification and treatment medicine plays a supporting role. The other one is that Syndrome identification and treatment medicine plays a major role when Sasang constitutional medicine plays a supporting role. It determined by the usual symptoms and the symptoms now, vital qi and pathogenic factors, symptom and the root cause, acute stage and chronic stage, and the state of pathogenesis. Conclusion : A new perfect complementary medicine can be created which is based on the setting that Sasang constitutional medicine primarily treat the usual symptoms, vital qi, the root cause, chronic stage and basic pathogenesis when Syndrome identification and treatment medicine primarily treat the symptoms now, pathogenic factors, symptom, acute stage and stage pathogenesis.