• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.428-438
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• 2003

Benthic marine algal community of Hakampo in the western coast of Korea was investigated qualitatively and quantitatively. Seasonal assessments of species composition, biomass, dominant species in biomass and vertical distributional pattern were carried out from spring to winter. A total of 121 species was identified; 6 blue-green, 18 green, 16 brown, 81 red algae. In three sites investigated, 96 species were collected at Bunjeomdo, 75 at Maoe, and 57 at Doranggol, respectively. Dermocarpa sp. and Acrochaetium microscopicum were collected for the first time in Korea through this investigation. Dominant species in specific proportions of biomass were Sargassum thunbergii, Gloiopeltis furcata, Corallina spp., Symphyocladia latiuscula and Monostroma nitidum. Seasonal fluctuations of mean biomass were 31.59-427.69 g dry wt$.$$\mu \textrm m^{-2}$ at Bunjeomdo and 20.98-473.48 g dry wt$.$$\mu \textrm m^{-2}$ at Maoe, respectively, which were comparatively high in the western coast of Korea. Vertical distribution in intertidal zones was Gloiopeltis furcata-Gloiopeltis furcata and Corallina spp.-Corallina spp. and Sargassum thunbergii.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.375.3-375.3
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• 2002

In continuing search for BChE-inhibitory compounds from Korean marine algae. we found a highly potent inhibitory activity in the methanolic extract of Sargassum species. After partition of the MeOH extract between $CHCl_3$ and 30% MeOH. the former layer was subjected to a series of ODS flash chromatography. silica column chromatography. and preparative TLC to afford three compounds (1-3). Detailed structural elucidation of them is in progress. Compound 1 showed potent BChE-inhibitory activity with $IC_{50}$ values of 11 ng/mL. (omitted)

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2004

As a part of our search for novel antioxidants from the seaweeds, we have investigated radical scavenging effect for their crude extracts using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, authentic peroxynitrite, and 3-morpholinsydnonimine (SIN-1), a peroxynitrite-generating species in vitro. Thirty-four seaweeds were screened for $ONOO^-$ and DPPH radical scavenging activities. A potent inhibitory effect against peroxynitrite generated by SIN-1 at $5{\mu}g/ml$ of methanol extracts was observed in order of Ishige okamurae(95.3%), Sargassum hemiphyllum(90.2%), Symphyocladia latiuscula(89.6%), Porphyra suborbiculata(86.7%), and Gelidium amamsii(85.9%), Also, a significant scavenging effect against direct authentic peroxynitrite was revekaled for methanol extracts of Ishige okamurae(66.2%) and Sargassum hemiphyllum(55.2%) and the acetone/methylene chloride(1:1) extract of Gigatina tenella (61.0%). In our measurement for evaluating the capacity to scavenge the stable free radical of DPPH, acetone/methylene chloride(1:1) extracts of Symphyocladia latiuscula, Gloiopeltis furcata, and Sargassum thunbergii and the methanol extract of Sargassum sp. showed an inhibitory potency of 85.8%, 82.8%, 74.1%, and 64.0%, respectively.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.12
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• pp.1621-1628
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• 2012

The agar-degrading bacterium GNUM-1 was isolated from the brown algal species Sargassum serratifolium, which was obtained from the West Sea of Korea, by using the selective artificial seawater agar plate. The cells were Gram-negative, $0.5-0.6{\mu}m$ wide and $2.0-2.5{\mu}m$ long curved rods with a single polar flagellum, forming nonpigmented, circular, smooth colonies. Cells grew at $20^{\circ}C-37^{\circ}C$, between pH 5.0 and 9.0, and at 1-10% (w/v) NaCl. The DNA G+C content of the GNUM-1 strain was 45.5 mol%. The 16S rRNA sequence of the GNUM-1 was very similar to those of Alteromonas stellipolaris LMG 21861 (99.86% sequence homology) and Alteromonas addita $R10SW13^T$(99.64% sequence homology), which led us to assign it to the genus Alteromonas. It showed positive activities for agarase, amylase, gelatinase, alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C8), lipase (C14), leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, ${\alpha}$-chymotrypsin, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, ${\alpha}$-galactosidase, ${\beta}$-galactosidase, ${\beta}$-glucosidase, catalase, and urease. It can utilize citrate, malic acid, and trisodium citrate. The major fatty acids were summed feature 3 (21.5%, comprising $C_{16:1}{\omega}7c/iso-C_{15:0}$ 2-OH) and C16:0 (15.04%). On the basis of the variations in many biochemical characteristics, GNUM-1 was considered as unique and thus was named Alteromonas sp. GNUM-1. It produced the highest agarase activity in modified ASW medium containing 0.4% sucrose, but lower activity in rich media despite superior growth, implying that agarase production is tightly regulated and repressed in a rich nutrient condition. The 30 kDa protein with agarase activity was identified by zymography, and this report serves as the very first account of such a protein in the genus Alteromonas.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.503-508
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• 2009

We investigated species composition and variation of benthic marine algae between 2003 and 2006 at Dokdo on the East Sea. The total number of benthic algae species identified was 96, which included 15 Chlorophyta, 30 Phaeophyta, 50 Rhodophyta and 1 Spermatophyta species. The representative species in this study were Ulva pertusa, Caulerpa okamurae, Codium adhaerens, C. frgile, Undaria pinnatifida, Ecklonia cava, Eisenia bicyclis, Dictyopteris undulata, Padina arborescens, Sargassum horneri, Hildenbrandtia rubra, Lithophyllum okamurae, Amphiroa dilatata, Corallina officinalis, C. pilulifera, Prionitis cornea, Grateloupia elliptica, Plocamium telgairiae, Chondrus ocellatus, Chondracanthus intermedia, Chondria crassicaulis, Polysiphonia morrowii, Melobesioidean algae and Phyllospadix sp. Wet weight biomass according to various depths ranged between 1,094.8 to $2,595.3\;g\;m^{-2}$ during the study period. Mean biomass at the investigated sites was greater in the 15m depth range than in the 5 and 10m depths. Vertical distribution was characterized by Ulva intestinalis, U. linza, Endarachne binghamiae, Bangia atropurpurea, Gloiopeltis furcata and Chondria crassicaulis at intertidal zone, Amphiroa dilatata, Corallina pilulifera, Gelidium amansii, Eisenia bicyclis and Ecklonia cava at 2m depth, Ecklonia cava, Eisenia bicyclis, Padina arborescens, Undaria pinnatifida and Sargasum horneri at 5m depth, Ecklonia cava, Sargassum horneri and Padina arborescens at 10m depth, Ecklonia cava, Myagropsis myagroides, Padina arborescens and Sargassum horneri at 15m depth. The R/P, C/P and (R+C)/P value were 1.67, 0.50 and 2.17, respectively.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.349-355
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• 2013

SC092 strain, producing a polysaccharide degrading enzyme, was isolated from the seawater. This strain was identified as Microbulbifer sp. using the comparative sequence analysis against known 16S rRNA sequence. A polysaccharide degrading enzyme from this strain was used to acquire the enzymatic extracts of Sargassum fulvellum. DPPH radical scavenging and SOD activity of the enzyme extracts of S. fulvellum were about 61.9% and 82.9% at 2 mg/mL, respectively. Nitrite scavenging activities was 52.5% at 2 mg/mL on pH 1.2. In addition, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity was also increased in a dose-dependent manner and was about 52.7% at 2 mg/mL. To determine the influence of enzyme extracts of S. fulvellum on alcohol metabolism, the generating activity of reduced-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) by alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) were measured. ADH and ALDH activities were 118.0% and 177% at 2 mg/mL, respectively. ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity of enzyme extracts of S. fulvellum was remarkably increased in a dose-dependent manner and was about 52.7% at 2 mg/mL. These results indicate alcoholizing and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities can be enhanced by the enzymatic extracts of S. fulvellum.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.1
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• pp.101-106
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• 2021

The marine algal flora and community structure of Dadohaehaesang National Park, the Southwestern coast of Korea, were investigated monthly during May, July and September 2012. As the results, a total of 86 species including 10 greens, 17 browns and 59 reds was identified, except for blue-greens and crustose reds. The seaweeds that commonly appear during the investigation period are the green algae Ulva australis, the brown algae Ishige okamurae, Myelophycus simplex, Sargassum fusiforme and S. thunbergii and the red algae Gelidiophycus freshwateri, Gelidium. elegans, Corallina officinalis, C. pilulifera, Caulacanthus ustulatus, Ahnfeltiopsis flabelliformis, and Chondrus ocellatus. In Jodo district (Yemiri, Changuri), Ulva australis and Gloiopeltis furcata were dominant species in May, Sargassum fusiforme and Ulva australis were dominant in July, and Gelidiophycus freshwateri and Ulva australis were dominant in September. In Soan/Cheongsan district (Hwaheungpo, Jungdori), Gloiopeltis tenax and Chondracanthus tenellus were dominant species in May, and Gloiopeltis tenax and Chondracanthus tenellus were dominant in July as well as in the spring. And the Caulacanthus ustulatus and Corallina sp. were dominant species in September.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.318-324
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• 2016

This study was aimed to verify anti-inflammatory activity of fermented Sargassum siliquanstrum with lactic acid bacteria. Anti-inflammatory activities were compared by measuring the amount of nitric oxide (NO) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages and suppressive effect on inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in stably transfected RAW 264.7 cells. Inhibitory activities of NO production and iNOS expression were measured after confirmation of NO radical scavenging activities. Fermentation increased NO radical scavenging activities from 7.6% to 15.2% compared to non-fermented condition, and fermentation with Lactobacillus sp. SH-1 was the most efficient. Fermentation without algal debris showed better NO radical scavenging activities than that with debris. Fermentation with Lactobacillus sp. SH-1 also showed the highest NO production inhibitory activity (64.1%) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. LPS-induced iNOS expression was diminished to 28.6, 35.6, 49.4 and 58.5 at 50, 100, 500 and 1,000 μg/ml, respectively, by fermentation with Lactobacillus sp. SH-1. According to MTT assay, fermented S. siliquanstrum did not influence the cell viability at all concentrations tested, meaning no or less cytotoxicity. These results suggest that S. siliquanstrum has NO radical scavenging activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Thus biological activities of S. siliquanstrum were upgraded by fermentation, which could be used for the development of functional foods.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.144-151
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• 2012

In the course of this study aimed at the development of functional food ingredients from seaweeds, the in vitro antimicrobial activities of methanol extracts prepared from 35 different seaweeds (17 phaeophyta, 11 rhodophyta and 7 chlorophyta) were determined against food-borne diseases and pathogenic microorganisms including multi-drug resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas sp. and Candida sp. Based on disc-diffusion assays at 500 g/disc concentration of the methanol extracts, Ishige okamurai, I. foliacea, Sargassum confusum, and S. yamade exhibited strong antibacterial activities in a broad-spectrum, except against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In addition to the latter four seaweeds, Ecklonia stolonifera, E. cava and Eisenia bicyclis also demonstrated antifungal activity against C. albicans. Among these 8 selected seaweeds, I. okamurai, I. foliacea, and S. yamade exhibited strong hemolytic activity (55-93%) at 500 g/ml against human RBC. Organic solvent sequential fractions using hexane, ethylacetate and butanol, and water residues were prepared from the 8 selected seaweeds and their anti-Candida sp. activities were further determined. The ethylacetate and butanol fraction of I. okamurai, and the hexane fraction of I. foliacea demonstrated antifungal activity against MDR-pathogenic Candida sp. Although the solvent fractions had no activity against MDR-Pseudomonas sp., our results suggest that seaweeds, especially Ishige okamurai, I. foliacea, S. confusum, and S. yamade could be developed as broad-spectrum antimicrobial ingredients.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.130-136
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• 2012

In the present work, we have collected 19 species of macroalgae (9 Phaeophta and 10 Rhodophyta) f rom all around of Korea: Dictyopteris divaricata, D. prolifera, Myelophycus cavus, Papenfussiella kuromo, Petalonia zosterifolia, Petrospongium rugosum, Rugulopteryx okamurae, Sargassum fulvellum, S. muticum, Callophyllis japonica, Gloiopeltis tenax, Gracilaria longissima, Gracilaria vermiculophylla, Grateloupia asiatica, Grateloupia lanceolata, Grateloupia sparsa, Grateloupia turuturu, Grateloupia sp, and Polyopes affinis. The macroalgal species were extracted by 70% ethanol (EtOH) for 24 h and evaluated its inhibitory effects on ${\alpha}$-glucosidase. Among ethanol extracts, Myelophycus cavus showed the most effectively inhibitory activity ($IC_{50}$, 2.17 ${\mu}g/ml$) against ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, followed by Sargassum fulvellum (<$IC_{50}$, 8.13 ${\mu}g/ml$), Dictyopteris prolifera ($IC_{50}$, 16.66 ${\mu}g/ml$), Rugulopteryx okamurae ($IC_{50}$, 50.63 ${\mu}g/ml$), and Petrospongium rugosum ($IC_{50}$, 101.62 ${\mu}g/ml$). Furthermore, MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay showed no cytotoxicity on mouse pre-adipocytes cell line (3T3-L1). These results suggest that some edible macroalgae merit further evaluation for clinical usefulness as anti-diabetic functional foods.