• SUVANNABHUMI
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.229-254
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• 2023

This study observes the language attitude and maintenance of the border community in Telok Melano, Lundu (Sarawak, Malaysia) and Desa Temajuk, Sambas (West Kalimantan, Indonesia). The main objective of this study is to study the language attitudes of two cross-border community who shares the socio-cultural, language, and economic realms. The research data is collected qualitatively through conversation recordings, face-to-face interviews, and participant observations. In this preliminary study, twelve informants (six from Telok Melano and six from Desa Temajuk) were chosen based on the quota sampling method. The questions for the interview were set according to three characteristics of language choice proposed by Garvin and Mathiot (1968), namely language loyalty, language pride, and the awareness of norms. The result of this study indicates that language loyalty, language pride, and awareness of the norms towards the speakers' mother tongue and national language are relatively high. In terms of identity maintenance issues, this study found that the community in Telok Melano (Sarawak), originally identify themselves as "Sambas Malays," shifted to "Sarawak Malays" after the formation of Malaysia in 1963. This preliminary study serves as a basis for further research particularly on the complexity of issues concerned with the border communities in the Southwest of Sarawak.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.15-18
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• 1991

Physical and chemical qualifies of 13 kinds of pepper imported from South-East Asian countries and Brazil were investigated. These included length and weight of berry, and color of the powder, and the contents of light berry, acid insoluble ash, piperine and volatile oil. While physical qualities of Sarawak special, Sarawak brown and Indian TGEB were the best(berries were larger and weightier, and the content of light berry was lower), those of Lampong ASTA and Lampong FAQ were relatively not good. In the other hand, chemical qualifies of Lampong ASTA, Lampong FAO and Indian TGEB were the best. In terms of color, all the samples were almost similar but that of Sarawak peppers were slightly lighter than the others.

• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.53.4-53.4
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• 2008

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.152-157
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• 2012

Sarawak is the largest state in Malaysia that covers 37.5% of the total land area. Multitemporal satellite images of Landsat and SPOT were used to examine deforestation and forest fragmentation in Sarawak between 1990 and 2009. Supervised classification with maximum likelihood classifier was used to classify the land cover types in Sarawak. The overall accuracies of all classifications were more than 80%. Our results showed that forests were reduced at 0.62% annually during the two decades. The peat swamp forest suffered a tremendous loss of almost 50% between 1990 and 2009 especially at coastal divisions due to intensified oil palm plantation development. Fragmentation analysis revealed the loss of about 65% of the core area of intact forest during the change period. The core area of peat swamp forest had almost completely disappeared during the two decades.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.979-986
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• 2021

Online food delivery and food delivery apps have continued to grow exponentially in Malaysia. Fundamental aspects in entrepreneurship of the food and beverage industry, such as knowledge and attitudes towards online food delivery services being outsourced, have yet to be extensively recognized. The present study intends to explore this area of subject matter within the Malaysian context by using behavioral reasoning theory. The actual interview for this study took place in May 2020, and 14 interviews had been carried out. All interviews were audio-recorded with the consent from the respondents for reference purposes and subsequently transcribed verbatim. The transcripts were then checked against audio records. Content analysis was used to analyze the transcripts by focusing on n frequency counts and coding of themes. A qualitative method has been adopted by employing an interview to elicit the perspectives of entrepreneurs from Sarawak on the determinants and barriers in outsourcing online food delivery services. Results indicate that high potential in revenue, broad exposure to reach customers, convenience, and provision of job opportunities are the four factors that determine to outsource. In contrast, food quality maintenance, trustworthiness, high cost incurred, and consumer technology resistance are four factors that serve as barriers towards outsourcing third-party online delivery.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.199-207
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• 2021

Objectives: Physical inactivity is the fourth leading global risk factor for mortality, followed by obesity. The combination of these risk factors is associated with non-communicable diseases, impaired physical function, and declining mental function. The World Health Organization recommends physical activity to reduce the mortality rate. Thus, this study examined the effects on anthropometric measurements of a 12-week walking program for elderly people in Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia with a 7000-step goal and weekly group walking activities. Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted involving 109 elderly people with a body mass index (BMI) ≥25.0 kg/m². BMI, body composition, and average daily steps were measured at baseline, 6 weeks, and 12 weeks. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, and repeated-measures analysis of variance with the paired t-test for post-hoc analysis was conducted. Results: In total, 48 participants in the intervention group and 61 participants in the control group completed the study. A significant interaction was found between time and group. The post-hoc analysis showed a significant difference between pre-intervention and post-intervention (within the intervention group). The post-intervention analysis revealed an increase in the mean number of daily steps by 3571.59, with decreases in body weight (-2.20 kg), BMI (-0.94 kg/m²), body fat percentage (-3.52%), visceral fat percentage (-1.29%) and waist circumference (-2.91 cm). Skeletal muscle percentage also showed a significant increase (1.67%). Conclusions: A 12-week walking program combining a 7000-step goals with weekly group walking activities had a significant effect on the anthropometric measurements of previously inactive and overweight/obese elderly people.

• Korean Architects
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• no.11 s.247
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• pp.25-25
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• 1989

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.82-93
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• 2016

This article presents an overview of the Native Customary Rights to forests and its role in protecting the future of native people of Sarawak, Malaysia. The native people have had a long history and strong relationship with their forests. Existing documents and studies have been critically reviewed and analyzed in order to elaborate the Native Customary Rights which are critical to the native people of this region. To have a better understanding on Native Customary Rights, it is important to answer three related questions: (i) Who is a native of Sarawak, (ii) What is 'custom', and (iii) What is the nature of 'rights'? The roles of Native Customary Rights for economic, political or social reasons, operate through informal rules embedded in the natives' customs and traditions. These rules have never been codified into formal laws because the adat system merely functions to manage the human relations which are tied to culture thus making it difficult to codify the culture into laws. It is evident that there are several issues underlying the development of Native Customary Rights: (i) Native Customary Rights are considered as inferiority to those of the State, (ii) the issue of over-shadowing of traditional laws by the colonial rule and the current statutory laws and, (iii) projects and land schemes involving the Native Land. It is understood that the challenges of promoting Native Customary Rights are daunting task; however, the constitutional laws need to carefully revise to provide a better future for the natives.

• Computers and Concrete
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.55-71
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• 2015

This paper presents a novel harmony search (HS)-based data-driven single input rule modules (SIRMs)-connected fuzzy inference system (FIS) for the prediction of stress in externally prestressed tendon. The proposed method attempts to extract causal relationship of a system from an input-output pairs of data even without knowing the complete physical knowledge of the system. The monotonicity property is then exploited as an additional qualitative information to obtain a meaningful SIRMs-connected FIS model. This method is then validated using results from test data of the literature. Several parameters, such as initial tendon depth to beam ratio; deviators spacing to the initial tendon depth ratio; and distance of a concentrated load from the nearest support to the effective beam span are considered. A computer simulation for estimating the stress increase in externally prestressed tendon, ${\Delta}f_{ps}$, is then reported. The contributions of this paper is two folds; (i) it contributes towards a new monotonicity-preserving data-driven FIS model in fuzzy modeling and (ii) it provides a novel solution for estimating the ${\Delta}f_{ps}$ even without a complete physical knowledge of unbonded tendons.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 2014

This study compares the effects of flow on oil and suspended solids removal efficiencies in circular enhanced gravity plate separator equipped with coalescence medium. Coalescence medium acts to capture rising oil droplets and settling solid particles and assist in the coalescence of oil and coagulation of solid. The circular separator uses an upflow center-feed perforated-pipe distributor as the inlet. The co-current flow is achieved using 4 increasing sizes of frustum, whereas cross flow uses inclined coalescence plates running along the radius of the separator. The different arrangement gave the cross flow separator a higher coalescence plan area per operational volume, minimal and constant travelling distance for the oil droplets and particles, lower retention time, and higher operational flowrate. The cross flow separator exhibited 6.04% and 13.16% higher oil and total suspended solids removal efficiencies as compared to co-current flow.