• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.118-125
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• 2001

Recently, biochemical analysis using hemoglobin adduct is frequently performed to evaluate the exposure to chemical carcinogens. However, data on the effect of co-exposure with other chemicals on hemoglobin adduct formation are seldom provided. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of pretreatment of ethanol(EtOH) and phenobarbital(PB), which are known to affect metabolism of xenobiotics, on the formation of hemoglobin adducts in the rats(Sprague-Dawley) administered benzidine(BZ). The experimental rats were divided into control, EtOH, and P8 groups. Rats were pretreated with EtOH or PB 24 hours before the oral administration of BZ. Blood sampling was taken before the administration of the chemicals and 0.5, 3, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 144 hours after the administration of the BZ in 5 rats each. The blood was separated into hemoglobin and plasma immediately after taking the blood samples, and the adducts were undergone basic hydrolysis to convert them into aromatic amines. Hydrolyzed BZ, monoacetylbenzidine (MABZ), and 4-aminobiphenyl(4ABP) were separated by reversed-phase liquid chromatography without derivatization, and quantitative analyses of them were performed by a highperformance liquid chromatograph equipped with electrochemical detector. The quantitative amount of the metabolites was expressed by hemoglobin binding index(HBI), BZ-, MABZ-, and 4ABP-HBI of EtOH and PB groups were increased more than those of control group. These results are attributable to the fact that EtOH and PB induced N-hydroxylation related to the hemoglobin adduct formation. The ratio of N-acetylation (viz, MABZ-HBI/BZ-HBI) showed no significant difference between EtOH group and control group. It means that EtOH increased N-hydroxylation and N-acetylation in a similar degree. The N-acetylation ratio of PB group was relatively lower than control group because the PB increased N-hydroxylation induction. The N-acetylation ratios of all groups were higher than 1 during the entire experimental period. This result suggests that the effects of EtOH or PB need to be considered in the biochemical monitoring for the assessment of intermittent exposure of benzidine.

• 한국전자파학회지:전자파기술
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2008

최근 테라헤르츠 펄스 기술을 근간으로 하는 테라헤르츠 포토닉스 분야는 새로운 연구 주제로서 전세계적으로 큰 관심을 모으고 있다. 단지 순수과학적 측면에서 뿐만 아니라 상업적 응용 가능성이 높아짐에 따라 많은 선진국에서는 테라헤르츠 포토닉스의 발전을 위해 지대한 노력을 경주하고 있다. 저명한 국제 학술지와 국제 학회에서 테라헤르츠 펄스 기술에 대한 논문의 수가 폭발적으로 증가하고 있다는 것은 이러한 사실을 뒷받침하고 있다. 테라헤르츠 응용 기술은 테라헤르츠 펄스 광원과 검출기, 그리고 관련된 수동 소자의 개발이 선행되어야 한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 테라헤르츠 광전도 안테나, 광정류, 준위상 정합 기반 차주파수 발생, 전광 샘플링, 고속 실시간 측정, 테라헤르츠 전송선, 그리고 각종 도파로 구조와 같은 기초적이면서 핵심적인 소자와 측정 기술에 대하여 간략히 기술하고자 한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.229-235
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• 2002

Objectives : To evaluate the effects on the formation of benzidine-hemoglobin, and benzidine metabolite-hemoglobin adducts, caused by pretreatment with the known xenobiotic metabolism effectors, ethanol and phenobarbital, in rats administered Direct Black 38 dye. Methods : The experimental rats were divided into three groups: a control group, an ethanol group and a phenobarbital group. Rats were pretreated with ethanol (1g/kg) or phenobarbital (80mg/kg) 24 hours prior to the oral administration of Direct Black 38 (0.5mmol/kg), with the control group being administered the same amount of distilled water. Blood samples were obtained from the vena cava of 5 rats from each group prior to, and at 30 min, 3h, 5h, 9h, 12h, 24h, 48h, 72h, 96h, and 144h following the oral administration of Direct Black 38. Directly after sampling the blood was separated into hemoglobin and plasma, with the adducts being converted into aromatic amines by basic hydrolysis. Hydrolyzed benzidiene, monoacetylbenzidine and 4-aminobiphenyl were analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector, The quantitative amount of the metabolites was expressed by the hemoglobin binding index (HBI). Results : In the ethanol group, benzidine-, monoacetylbenzidine-, and 4-aminobiphenyl-HBI were increased to a greater extent than those in the control group. These results were attributed to the ethanol inducing N-hydrgxylation, which is related to the formation of the hemoglobin adduct, In the phenobarbital group, all the HBIs, with the exception of the benzidine-HBI, were increased to a greater extent than those of the control group. These results were attributed to the phenobarbital inducing N-hydroxylation related to the formation of the hemoglobin adduct. The N-acetylation ratio was only increased with the phenobarbital pretreatment due to the lower benzidine-HBI of the phenobarbital group compared to these of the control and ethanol groups. The N-acetylation ratios for all groups were higher than f for the duration of the experimental period. Although the azo reduction was unaffected by the ethanol, it was inhibited by the phenobarbital, The ratio of the benzidine-HBI in the phenobarbital group was lower than those of the ethanol the control groups for the entire experiment. Conclusion : Our results indicate that both ethanol and phenobarbital increase the formation of adducts by the induction of N-hydroxylation, but also induced N-acetylation. Phenobarbital decreased the formation of benzidine-HBI due to the decrease of the azo reduction. These results suggest that the effects or ethanol and phenobarbital need to be considered in the biochemical monitoring of Direct Black 38.

• 분석과학
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.243-247
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• 2014

포름알데히드는 대표적인 직업성 발암물질로, 고농도에 노출되면 사람에게 백혈병이나 임파종, 비인두암 등을 일으킬 수 있다. 본 연구는 포름알데히드의 직업적 노출이 높은 가구목제 제조업 중 1 개 사업장을 대상으로 공정별 공기 중 포름알데히드 농도를 평가하고, 공기 중 포름알데히드 농도가 가장 높은 무늬목 부착 공정에서 사용되는 재료의 실험실내 포름알데히드 발생 및 분석을 통하여 가구 제조 사업장의 포름알데히드의 발생 현황을 파악하고자 하였다. 2,4-디니트로페닐히드라진 코팅 실리카겔 흡착관에 0.2 L/min의 유량으로 6 시간동안 공기 시료를 포집하고 아세토니트릴로 탈착하여 HPLC-UV로 분석하였다. UV 검출 파장은 360 nm였고, ACQUITY UPLC BEH $C_{18}$ ($100{\times}2.1mm$, $1.7{\mu}m$, Waters, U.S.A.) 컬럼과 45% 아세토니트릴 이동상을 사용하여 유속을 0.5 mL/min으로 설정하여 분석하였다. 가구 제조 사업장의 포름알데히드 최고 농도는 0.31 ppm으로, 미국 ACGIH의 천장값 농도 기준인 0.3 ppm을 초과하였다. 재단, 조립, 샌딩 등의 공정에서도 포름알데히드 농도는 공장 외부의 농도보다 7-21 배 높은 수준이었다. 무늬목 부착 공정에서 목재로부터 발생하는 포름알데히드는 사업장 실제 적용 온도인 $100-150^{\circ}C$에서 1.14-2.70 ppm으로, 국내 노출기준인 0.5 ppm에 비해 2-5 배 이상 높아, 습식 무늬목을 취급하는 사업장 및 공정 근로자는 포름알데히드에 노출될 가능성이 높은 노출 위험군임을 확인하였다.