• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.51-64
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the patterns of income and household expense arrangements within dual-income families. The data was obtained from the F-GENS Korea Panel Survey of Ochanomizu University. The responses were gathered from both married and unmarried people, primarily in Seoul and the metropolitan area, of ages ranging from 25 to 44. The sample for this study was comprised of data from 399 double-income households. Crosstab and multinominal logistic regression models were used to analyze the data. The results were as follows. First, dual-income families choose a pooling system as their income arrangement. Second, variables determining the income arrangement were the husband's age, school attainment, annual average income, and average working hour per day. Third, variables that affected the household expenses arrangement included the husband's level of schooling attained and the husband’s job type. Fourth, the ideology of the economic community effected both the income and household expenses arrangement.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2016

The health of Alaska pollock Theragra chalcogramma seedlings was monitored during February and April 2015. After microscopic examination for parasites, 20 samples sets were made by pooling 50 individuals for each sample set. Then, they were homogenized and examined for viral and bacterial pathogens. No parasites or viruses were detected using either microscopy or PCR. Colonies suspected of belonging to the genus Vibrio were isolated from Tryptic Soya Agar and Thiosulfate Citrate Bile Salts Sucrose Agar plate incubations, and identified as Vibrio anguillarum based on biochemical and physiological examinations and PCR amplification of the 16S rDNA, recA, and pyrH genes. Although there was no mortality during the sampling period, 65.0% (13/20) of the pooled samples were PCR-positive for V. anguillarum. To prevent possible outbreaks, the pathogenic potential of V. anguillarum should be investigated in the future.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.688-701
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• 2023

The conventional methods of network intrusion detection system (NIDS) cannot measure the trend of intrusiondetection targets effectively, which lead to low detection accuracy. In this study, a NIDS method which based on a deep neural network in a big-data environment is proposed. Firstly, the entire framework of the NIDS model is constructed in two stages. Feature reduction and anomaly probability output are used at the core of the two stages. Subsequently, a convolutional neural network, which encompasses a down sampling layer and a characteristic extractor consist of a convolution layer, the correlation of inputs is realized by introducing bidirectional long short-term memory. Finally, after the convolution layer, a pooling layer is added to sample the required features according to different sampling rules, which promotes the overall performance of the NIDS model. The proposed NIDS method and three other methods are compared, and it is broken down under the conditions of the two databases through simulation experiments. The results demonstrate that the proposed model is superior to the other three methods of NIDS in two databases, in terms of precision, accuracy, F1- score, and recall, which are 91.64%, 93.35%, 92.25%, and 91.87%, respectively. The proposed algorithm is significant for improving the accuracy of NIDS.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.603-607
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• 2007

The sample sizes required to detect at least one chicken infectious bronchitis virus(IBV) infection at flock-level were determined using pooled samples for 48 submissions with different samples in each. A total of serum samples of 9,980 layers from Kangwon, Chungpook and Chungnam province were collected and tested hemagglutination inhibition(HI) antibody titers against IBV both individually and with pooling size of 10. Of the 48 submissions, 72.9% were required less than 5 pools to detect at least one infected pool at 95% confidence level, and the corresponding rate was 77.1% at 90% confidence level. Overall, the number of pools was decreased as the percent of positive pools increased. At two different cut-of HI titer${\geq}9\;and{\geq}10$ for individual samples the seroprevalence was 50.1% and 33.4%, respectively while 59.9% were seropositive for pooled samples at HI $titer{\geq}8$. The correlation coefficients between pooled and individual samples at each submission were 0.592(p<0.001) for HI $titer{\geq}9$ and 0.561(p<0.001) for ${\geq}10$, with common correlation coefficient of 0.576. This study indicated that pooled testing for the detection of IBV infection may be an alternative strategy when only the pooled results are of interest and the prevalence has not known exactly.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.1163-1170
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• 2014

The concepts and structure of intermittent panel time series data are introduced. We suggest a Wald test statistic for the test of homogeneity for intermittent panel first order autoregressive model and its limit distribution is derived. We consider the fitting the model with pooling data using sample mean at the time point if homogeneity for intermittent panel AR(1) is satisfied. We performed simulations to examine the limit distribution of the homogeneity test statistic for intermittent panel AR(1). In application, we fit the intermittent panel AR(1) for panel Mumps data and investigate the test of homogeneity.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.85-91
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• 2019

Present study notes that youth poverty is not only an income deficit, but also a deficit in various dimensions of life such as housing, work and health deficit. Multidimensional poverty is measured by four dimensions: income, work, housing and health. The sample is a 2630 one-person household female youth pooled from the Korea Welfare Panel 10-Year Data. The analysis tool used SPSS statistical program, and the analysis framework was the deficiency rate by dimension, the correlation analysis between deficiency dimension, and the overlapping rate of N dimension poverty. As a result, women's youth in Korea had higher deficit rate in terms of work and housing than other dimensions, and the proportion of women youth who were both poor in work and housing at the same time was also relatively higher than in other cases. Based on these results, this study proposes the construction of customized job services, job matching with small and medium-sized enterprises and allocation of one young woman's household among the targets of long-term chartered housing. Female youth's sharing-economy association should be considered as alternatives.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.532-541
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• 2016

The National Environmental Specimen Bank (NESB) has been collecting broad leave samples to monitor environmental pollution from five different designated sampling areas. In order to ensure the reproducibility and comparability of the results, all the procedures from selecting trees and pooling leaves to make the representative sample are defined in the standard operation procedures(the SOP). The representative samples were subjected to the chemical analyses for some heavy minerals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons(PAHs). The uncertainty levels involved in each step of the SOP, that is, the sampling and the chemical analysis, were derived using the Robust ANOVA, which enables the relative comparison among the different levels of pollutants concentrations with confidence. Furthermore, the effect of the varying degrees of precipitation on the pollutants concentration of the leaves was also examined. Overall, the biological difference estimated from the duplicate samples was found to exceed the variation across the site, implying even aerial deposition over site. Samples from Gwanak Mt. showed highest heavy metal concentrations than the other sites. Washing off effect of the pollutants adhering in the form of particles on the leaf surface was found to be affected by the cumulative precipitation.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.383-393
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• 2020

The main objective of this study is to provide a robust model for estimating parameters of the Clark unit hydrograph (UH) using the observed rainfall-runoff data in the Soyangang dam basin. In general, HEC-1 and HEC-HMS models, developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center, have been widely used to optimize the parameters in Korea. However, these models are heavily reliant on the objective function and sample size during the optimization process. Moreover, the optimization process is carried out on the basis of single rainfall-runoff data, and the process is repeated for other events. Their averaged values over different parameter sets are usually used for practical purposes, leading to difficulties in the accurate simulation of discharge. In this sense, this paper proposed a hierarchical Bayesian model for estimating parameters of the Clark UH model. The proposed model clearly showed better performance in terms of Bayesian inference criterion (BIC). Furthermore, the result of this study reveals that the proposed model can also be applied to different hydrologic fields such as dam design and design flood estimation, including parameter estimation for the probable maximum flood (PMF).

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1149-1156
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• 2001

Previous studies conducted with swine have reported that the mobile nylon bag technique (MNBT) does not always accurately predict in vivo nutrient digestibilities. Therefore, in this study, the MNBT was modified so that nutrient digestibilities would more closely resemble those from conventional (Con) digestibility studies obtained using the indicator method. A total of 19 feeds were tested including five cereal grains, five legumes, three high protein sources and six mixed diets. The principle changes to the MNBT included the use of a fecal collection harness which minimized the number of bags lost. In addition, previous protocols involved pooling of bags within pig while in the present experiment all bags were analyzed separately to increase the precision of the test. Finally, chemical analyses were done using the entire nylon bag plus residue rather than opening.the bags and scraping out the contents. With the exception of the barley sample (p=0.01), dry matter digestibility (DMD) coefficients obtained with the MNBT were not significantly different from those obtained with the indicator method. The linear regression equation relating the MNBT to the indicator method was Con DMD=-O.77+1.02 MNBT DMD ($r^2=0.93$: p<0.0001). There was no significant (p>0.05) difference in gross energy digestibility (GED) coefficients determined using the MNBT or the indicator method for any of the 19 feeds. The regression line equation relating the MNBT to the indicator method was Con GED=-5.68+1.06 MNBT GED ($r^2=0.94$: p<0.0001). The MNBT was less effective in predicting in vivo crude protein digestibility (CPD) than it was in predicting dry matter and energy digestibility. Differences greater than five percentage units were observed for two of the legumes, Kabuli chickpeas (p=0.02) and the extruded pea-canola seed mixture (p=0.01) as well as for three of the mixed diets including the unheated hulled barley-based diet (p=0.01), the unheated hulless-barley based diet (p=0.08) and the barley-soybean meal based diet (p=0.008). The regression equation relating the MNBT to the indicator method was Con CPD=5.75 + 0.90 MNBT CPO ($r^2=0.76$; p<0.0001). This study indicates that the modified MNBT can be used for the rapid determination of dry matter and energy digestibility in a wide variety of ingredients. For the measurement of crude protein digestibility, the technique produces results similar to conventional digestibility studies for cereal grains and high protein feeds but tends to overestimate protein digestibility for legumes and mixed diets.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.71-104
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• 2018

This paper adopts a distributive performance process model of in-work poverty based on labor markets, households, and welfare states and analyzes the 4-11 waves of the Korean Welfare Panel Study during 2008-15. Previous studies on in-work poverty have focused on the definitions and concepts of in-work poverty by analyzing employment and unemployment persistence and repetition dynamics, but rarely paid attention to institutional distributive performance. In this regard, this study preforms a stepwise analysis of labor markets, households, and welfare states as a process of income generation in labor markets, satisfaction of welfare needs and income pooling at households, and deduction of social security contribution and income tax as well as receipt of public transfer income at welfare states. Results of empirical analysis show that in-work poverty had been on increase during 2008-11, followed by a decrease between 2012-15. At labor market stages, full time status had the most prominent impact on in-work poverty process, while status by employment and contract type have generated a huge variation as well. At household stages, household work intensity and number of earners contributed to reduction of in-work poverty, but the relations did not seen to be straightforward. However, welfare state played little role in lifting employees out of in-work poverty. In terms of institutional distributive process, in-work poverty was prevalent in either household-welfare state stage or labor market-household-welfare stage. Non-vulnerable group in terms of in-risk poverty was around 80% of the sample during the period of analysis, the size of which has remained constant.