• 건축역사연구
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2023

The study aims to analyze the geometric characteristics of the pointed arches proposed by Al-Kāshī in his book "Miftāḥ al-Ḥisāb" (Key of Arithmetic) and investigate their planning principles, architectural application, and typological characteristics. Al-Kāshī completed this significant work in 1427 and dedicated it to Ulugh Beg, a Timurid Sultan in Samarkand. In the ninth chapter, titled "Al-'Imārāt wa al-Abnīya" (Amīr's Mansion and Building), Al-Kāshī sought to measure the surface areas and volumes of barrel vaults (Azaj) and domes (Qubba). To achieve this, he proposed five kinds of pointed arches (Ṭāq) and analyzed their drawing methods and composition principles. The Īwān and Qubba structures, which are curved architectural elements, hold significant importance in Islamic architecture. However, previous research has predominantly focused on comparing the drawings in Al-Kāshī's book with historical buildings, neglecting the inherent characteristics of the drawings themselves. This study intends to contribute to a deeper understanding of Al-Kāshī's remarkable work and shed light on the geometric aspects of monumental structures in the Timurid Period.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제90권6호
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• pp.601-610
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• 2024

Free vibration of layered conical shell frusta of thickness filled with fluid is investigated. The shell is made up of isotropic or specially orthotropic materials. Three types of thickness variations are considered, namely linear, exponential and sinusoidal along the radial direction of the conical shell structure. The equations of motion of the conical shell frusta are formulated using Love's first approximation theory along with the fluid interaction. Velocity potential and Bernoulli's equations have been applied for the expression of the pressure of the fluid. The fluid is assumed to be incompressible, inviscid and quiescent. The governing equations are modified by applying the separable form to the displacement functions and then it is obtained a system of coupled differential equations in terms of displacement functions. The displacement functions are approximated by cubic and quintics splines along with the boundary conditions to get generalized eigenvalue problem. The generalized eigenvalue problem is solved numerically for frequency parameters and then associated eigenvectors are calculated which are spline coefficients. The vibration of the shells with the effect of fluid is analyzed for finding the frequency parameters against the cone angle, length ratio, relative layer thickness, number of layers, stacking sequence, boundary conditions, linear, exponential and sinusoidal thickness variations and then results are presented in terms of tables and graphs.

• 복식
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• 제60권7호
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• pp.117-130
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• 2010

The four walls of mural paintings in Afrasiab, Samarkand, have discovered: the indian-concept east wall, the west with the paintings of envoys from a number of countries bringing in King's letters or gifts, the south describing traditional ceremony celebrating the new year, the north with a picture of a Chinese princess on board beside hunting scenes. Overall, Sogdians in Afrasiab mural paintings of 7th century had following costume codes: a very short haircut or the Turkic queue, a rather-narrow-sleeved caftan with round-neck, a belt and boots. The west wall showed various costume style of a set of envoys from countries. First, a Turkic envoy had 3-6 rows of long plaits, wearing a caftan with two lapels and a belt - interestingly, Sogdian and Turkic nobles didn't wear pochettes. Second, a Chaganiyan had a hairband on his short hair, and his colorful round-neck caftan is decorated with animal-patterned medallions and a golden belt. Third, a Chach wore a jewelled hairband, putting gaiters on his pants. Forth, a Chinese was in putou with a round-neck caftan, and with a belt and sword around his waist. Lastly, also appeared a Koguryo envoy in white putou with a double-bird-feathered crown on top, wearing a long-sleeved yellow v-neck top, a belt, narrow-cuffed pants and boots. Identical to the Sogdian statues excavated in various regions of China are the appearance of big eyes and nose -similar to the warrior stone in Korea- a hairband, and a pochette down from the waist line. During this period, white and red were considered as prevailing colors for clothing: red and yellow among Turks. The costumes of characters in Afrasiab mural paintings were preferably made with the animal-patterned, sophiscated samite Zandanachi of Sogdiana.

• Coupled systems mechanics
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.299-313
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• 2019

The paper represents computer modeling of the deformed state of physically nonlinear transversally isotropic bodies with hole. In order to describe the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of transversally-isotropic materials a structurally phenomenological model has been used. This model allows representing the initial material in the form of the coupled isotropic materials: the basic material (binder) considered from the positions of continuum mechanics and the fiber material oriented along the anisotropy direction of the original material. It is assumed that the fibers perceive only the axial tensile-compression forces and are deformed together with the base material. To solve the problems of the theory of plasticity, simplified theories of small elastoplastic deformation have been used for a transversely-isotropic body, developed by B.E. Pobedrya. A simplified theory allows applying the theory of small elastoplastic deformations to solve specific applied problems, since in this case the fibrous medium is replaced by an equivalent transversely isotropic medium with effective mechanical parameters. The essence of simplification is that with simple stretching of composite in direction of the transversal isotropy axis and in direction perpendicular to it, plastic deformations do not arise. As a result, the intensity of stresses and deformations both along the principal axis of the transversal isotropy and along the perpendicular plane of isotropy is determined separately. The representation of the fibrous composite in the form of a homogeneous anisotropic material with effective mechanical parameters allows for a sufficiently accurate calculation of stresses and strains. The calculation is carried out under different loading conditions, keeping in mind that both sizes characterizing the fibrous material fiber thickness and the gap between the fibers-are several orders smaller than the radius of the hole. Based on the simplified theory and the finite element method, a computer model of nonlinear deformation of fibrous composites is constructed. For carrying out computational experiments, a specialized software package was developed. The effect of hole configuration on the distribution of deformation and stress fields in the vicinity of concentrators was investigated.

• 예술인문사회 융합 멀티미디어 논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.481-491
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• 2019

고대에서 중세에 이르기까지 동서양의 문화가 교차하던 실크로드의 중심에 위치한 우즈베키스탄 사마르칸트에서 아프라시압 궁전지벽화가 1960년대 발굴되어 학계의 주목을 받아왔다. 특히, 7C 소그디아나 왕국 바르후만 왕의 즉위식이 그려진 서벽에서 고대 한국인으로 추정되는'조우관'을 쓴 두 인물이 발견되어 당시 국제적 정세와 문화적 특징을 살필 수 있는 중요한 사료로 활용되고 있다. 현재 아프라시압 역사박물관에 소장되어 있는 이 벽화는 사방으로 각기 다른 내용의 그림이 그려져 있고, 그것만이 가진 문화적 특성과 요소들이 내재되어 있음에도 불구하고 이를 활용한 스토리텔링과 문화콘텐츠의 개발은 없었다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 고대 한국인이 그려진 아프라시압 궁전지 벽화의 서벽 그림을 기반으로 한 문화콘텐츠와 캐릭터 개발과 활용방안을 모색하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 직접 현장을 방문하여 조사한 자료는 물론이며 기타 관련 학술자료들을 수집하였다.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.55-66
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• 1979

Drosophila melanogaster Oregen-R을 大量飼育하여 alcohol dehydrogenase를 精製하여 그 活性을 測定하는 한편 alcohol dehydrogenase의 isozyme pattern을 分析한 結果 아래와 같은 몇가지 사실을 얻었다. 1. 본 실험을 통해서 Drosophila melanogaster Oregon-R의 alcohol dehydrogenase의 比活性은 Jacobson et al. (1970)이 報告한 바 있는 D. melanogaster Samarkands의 그것에 比하여 약 5배 이상의 比活性을 나타냄을 確認하였다. 2. 이 strain의 ADH isozyme pattern은 fast form인 $AHD_1, AHD_2$ 그리고 slow form인 $ADH_2$임을 알게 되었다. 3. 粗酵表에서의 ADH isozyme pattern은 $ADH_1, ADH_2$ 그리고 $ADH_5A$가 나타났는데, 정제효소에서는 $ADH_1, ADH_5A$ 및 $ADH_5B$가 나타났다. 4. $ADH_5A$와 $ADH_1$ isozyme을 分離 精製한 $ADH_5A$의 比活性은 4,330 units/mg이었고, $ADH_1$의 比活性은 3,670 units/mg임을 알게 되었으며, 이것을 7% acrylamide disc gel에 電氣泳動하여 zymogram의 位置를 정확히 판별하였다.