• Journal of Legislation Research
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• no.53
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• pp.491-524
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• 2017

Under the general maritime law, a life salvor has no claim against the person saved, and a pure life salvor has no right to compensation from the owner of the ship or its cargo. This harsh rule, which treats the salvor of life less generously than the salvor of property, has been modified by international conventions, statutes, so that life salvors may expect a reward in most cases. It is, especially, unreasonable that a prerequisite of a salvage award is that at least some of the property must be saved, because life of a person can not be compared to values of goods such as vessels and cargoes. Also it is not understandable that only pure life salvors can not expect a reward for the saving of life from the owners of the property. In the meantime, according to Article 39 of the Korean Maritime Search and Rescue Act (hereunder, KMSARA), any person who has gave assistance and rescued in accordance with a governmental officer's order may get a compensation for their time and labour. The above mentioned compensation which is stemmed from the KMSARA may play a role as a compliment for the lack of enough compensation to a life salvor. This means that even though a life salvor failed to save property, he may expect a minimum compensation from the KMSARA. However, it should be recognized that when a life salvor is entitled to both remuneration for the salvage of life and recourse of expenditures from the KMSARA, the total remuneration shall be paid only if and to the extent that such remuneration is greater than any reward recoverable by the salvor under the Korean Commercial Code and the KMSARA.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.7669-7674
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• 2013

Background: The hypothesis that patients who primarily progress on two consecutive chemotherapy regimens without evidence of clinical benefit may opt for supportive care was investigated. The purpose was to determine the quality of life in recurrent ovarian cancer patients choosing to receive salvage chemotherapy in addition to supportive care or palliative care alone. A secondary objective was to evaluate factors that affect quality of life in ovarian cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in patients who had histological confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer and failed to respond to at least one regimen of chemotherapy, coming for treatment at the King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital in Bangkok, Thailand over a six-month period from August 2012-March 2013. Each patient was asked to complete the FACT-G and a general personal questionnaire. The median quality of life score was analyzed. The Mann Whitney U Test was used to compare the difference between salvage chemotherapy and palliative care groups, and the Kruskal Wallis was used to evaluate other variables. Results: Thirty-eight ovarian cancer patients were identified who failed to respond to chemotherapy. Of the 38, 30 chose salvage chemotherapy and eight palliative care for further treatment. By histology the carcimnomas were predominantly endometrioid subtype and poorly differentiated. The majority of patients in this study had FIGO stage III, and ECOG status 0-1. The median quality of life score was 76.3 (35.8-94.0), with no significant differences between the groups. Factors associated with the quality of life were the ECOG score and number of chemotherapeutic courses. Conclusions: In the setting of refractory or recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer, patients who receive salvage chemotherapy have comparable quality of life scores with patients treated with palliative care alone, providing a contrast with previous studies.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.3-7
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• 1996

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a disease whose primary initial treatment is radiation. Results of radiation therapy in early stage disease is promising; however, in stage IV disease, the best reported five-year survival is only about 30%. In patients with post-radiation recurrent disease, radiation controls only a small portion of patients, as well as being associated with significant radiation injury. In this paper we discuss the use of salvage treatment modalities for post-radiation recurrence. A retrospective chart review and analysis of salvage treatment results were performed for 39 patients with recurrent post-radiation NPC and positive cervical lymph nodes during the period beginning 1985 until 1995. Mean age of these patients was 52.3$\pm$10.37 years and male: female ratio was 1.8 : 1. Twenty patients were treated with salvage treatment, and ten patients were treated by salvage chemotherapy. A total of nine patients underwent surgical salvage treatment, including neck dissection(6), transnasal laser surgery and booster radiotherapy(2), and primary surgery(1). Salvage treatment were effective in reducing patients' pain in twenty patients (51.3%) and prolonging life in nine patients(23.1%); however, recurrence of disease within six months and/or residual disease by clinical or radiologic exam was noted in all patients receiving salvage radiotherapy, chemotherapy, laser surgery with radiotherapy, and primary site surgery. In the group undergoing salvage neck dissection, three patients(50%) were disease free for at least two years. Of the different modalities, radiotherapy was associated with the best quality of life while catastrophic salvage surgery resulting in insignificant prolongation of life was associated with the poorest quality of life. We conclude that salvage surgery is the optimal choice of treatment for regional recurrence such as nodal failure, however palliative salvage therapy could be preferred in other cases with recurrent post-radiation NPC.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.336-344
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• 2012

It is very important to salvage the vessel and seafarer rapidly and efficiently when maritime accident occurred, as maritime accident has a bad effect on vessel, seafarer and shipping industry as well as the whole community itself. Especially, marine salvage in relation to the accident involving huge marine pollution and loss of life will be regarded as a more important process because the accident would result more severe damages. However, domestic marine salvage forces are weaker than other country's, and private marine salvage company has poor technical and commercial base even though the Korea Coast Guard and Navy have relatively more modernized equipments and squad. Thus, it is very important to promote marine salvage operation capacity because it is related with the national security as well as the national economy. In this regard, this study examines the promoting method of marine salvage including its public and private section from the perspectives of law and systemic revision.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.115-121
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• 1999

Marine casualties of dangerous cargo carriers lead to not only the loss of human life and properties, but also marine pollution caused by spilled oil and hazardous cargo. So the prevention of marine casualties and emergence response to minimize pollution are very important problems to be settled. But until now, most of salvage assistance jobs have been done based on rule of thumb without any technical support. It is not easy to cope with the incidents safely and rapidly under the current situation. The purpose of this paper is to develop a systematic and engineering salvage assistance tool available in the casualty sites. This paper contains the construction of salvage system, classification of technical items, and prototype system for the safety assessment. The developed system enable a salvage engineer in his/her salvaging jobs to perform safely and promptly.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.73-77
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• 1993

This paper considers an Economic Order Quantity Model under random life cycle. It is assumed that the life cycle of the product is unknown; a random variable. Three cost parameters are considered; ordering cost, inventory carrying cost and salvage cost. Expected total cost is the optimization criterion. We show that the optimal cycle length is unique and finite, and present a simple line search method to find an optimal cycle length.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.219-224
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• 2010

Depreciation accounting has as its main objective, the recovery of the original cost of plant investment less net salvage, over the estimated useful life of that plant. Accuracy of the whole life technique in meeting this objective depends entirely on the original estimates of service life and net salvages for an account. Where the whole life technique has been used and original estimates prove inaccurate, excessive or deficient accumulations in the depreciation reserve frequently occur. To overcome this, the remaining life technique is suggested to better match the challenges of accelerated technology and competition within the regulated environment. The flexibility of the remaining life technique will allow an even chance to provide a complete recovery of the original cost.

• IE interfaces
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.37-51
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• 1993

This paper studies the economic replacement method for production facilities which requires huge investment but are necessary for higher productivity and competability of products. That is, the general models for the decision of economic life of properties which minimizes the total costs throughout the usage life(Life cycle costs) are generated. Main factors which make influences for the decision of econmic life can be divided by three. These are the change of salvage value, repair and maintenance costs, and availability of production facilities with the passage of usage time. In this paper, the real world data for these three factors are collected and analyzed for the extraction of representative standard forms with the passage of time. And general models for economic replacement methods and optimal usage terms are presented through tables with the combination of the standard forms of these three main factors.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.93-100
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• 2019

Purpose: Penetrating vascular trauma though less common poses a challenge to all Surgeons. This study was designed to analyse the profile, management modalities of vascular trauma and the outcomes thereof at a Trauma Care Centre in a Tertiary care setting in hostile environment in India. Methods: A prospective review of all patients with arterial and venous injuries being transferred to the Trauma Center at out Tertiary Care Center between June 2015 and May 2018 was done. Demographics, admission data, treatment, and complications were reviewed. Results: There were a total of 46 patients with 65 vascular injuries, 39 arterial injuries and 26 venous injuries. The age range was 21 to 47 years. Nineteen patients had both arterial and venous injuries. A total of 42 cases presented within 12 hours of injury and complete arterial transections were found in 33 cases (80.49%). There were three mortalities (6.52%) and three amputations (8.33%). The overall limb salvage rate was 91.67% with popliteal artery being the commonest injured artery. Poor prognosticators for limb salvage were increasing time to present to the trauma centre, hypovolemic shock, multi-organ trauma and associated venous injuries. Conclusions: Penetrating missile trauma leading to vascular injuries has not been widely reported. Attempting limb salvage even in cases with delayed presentation should be weighed with the threat to life before revascularisation and should preferably be done at a centre with vascular expertise. A team approach with vascular, orthopaedic, general surgeons, and critical care anaesthesiologists all aboard improve the outcomes manifold. Use of tourniquets and early fasciotomies have been emphasized as is the use of native veins as the bypass conduit. This is probably the largest study on penetrating Vascular trauma in anti-terrorism ops from the Indian subcontinent. It highlights the significance of prompt recognition and availability of vascular expertise in optimally managing cases of vascular trauma.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.99-102
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• 2011

Objective : The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and/or whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) for the treatment of small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) metastasis to the brain. Methods : From 2000 to 2010, 50 patients underwent GKRS for metastatic brain lesions originating from SCLC. Among these patients, 11 received prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) before the development of metastatic lesions (PCI group), and GKRS was performed as an initial treatment for newly diagnosed lesions in 12 patients who had not received PCI (primary GKRS group). In addition, GKRS was performed as a salvage treatment for progressive lesions after WBRT in 27 patients (salvage GKRS group). The medical records and imaging data of all patients were retrospectively analyzed. Results : The overall survival of the 50 patients was 20.8 months (range 1-53) after the diagnosis of primary tumor and 12.0 months (range 1-47) after the development of cerebral metastasis. Median survival after GKRS was 4.8 months (range 1-15) in the PCI group, 4.6 months (range 0-18) in the primary GKRS group, and 7.6 months (range 0-33) in the salvage GKRS group. Further treatment for progressive lesions after GKRS was necessary in 15 patients, after a mean interval of 3.8 months. Causes of death were systemic organ failure in 15 patients, deterioration of neurological state in 13 patients, and unknown or combined causes in 16 patients. The local control rate of the lesions treated with GKRS was 76.4% (decreased in 13 patients and stable in 16 patients at the final imaging follow-up (mean 5.60 months). Conclusion : GKRS is an effective local treatment for brain metastasis from SCLC both as an initial treatment for newly diagnosed lesions after PCI and as a salvage treatment for recurrent or progressive lesions. However, the survival benefit is not significant because most patients die of systemic multi-organ failure with a short life expectancy.