• 제목/요약/키워드: Salt activity

검색결과 964건 처리시간 0.028초

젓갈 성숙과정(成熟過程)에 있어 Protease 및 Formonitrogen의 변화(變化)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)(1) (Changes in Protease and Formonitrogen of Salted Fish and Shellfish (1))

  • 서명자
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제6권2호
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    • pp.45-56
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    • 1973
  • Salted fish and shellfish have been widely used in Korea from olden times as side-dishes, although the processes and methods of pickling have varied depending on localities. The common raw materials for these subsidiary food articles include anchovy, shrimp, yellow corvina, oysters, octopus, top-shell, shellfish, pollack roe and pollack intestines. It must be pointed out here, however, that the salted stuffs now marketed locally are highly unscientific and unsanitary in the way they are processed and sold, and this has prompted this writer to undertake a study on these native food articles. The following findings have been obtained from this study on the changes in Formonitrogen and Protease Activity, effected by the density of salt and the degree of storing temperature, of the pickles of cedfish gills, codfish intestines, pollack intestines, shellfish, oysters, cuttle fish and octopus. 1) Codfish Gills The Protease Activity of the pickled codfish gills was greater in the groups of lesser doses of salt and higher degrees of storing temperature. The same was true in the case of Formonifrogen, too. The Formonitrogen of the pickled codfish gills was larger in the groups of lesser salt and higher teimperature. 2) Codfish Intestines The amount of Formonitrogen of the pickled codfiah intestines became greater, as time went by, in the groups of lesser salt than those of larger doses of salt, with the speed of its formation getting faster as the storing temperature rose from $5^{\circ}C$ to $15^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The Protease Activity was also greater in the groups of lesser salt and higher temperature. The group, stored at 10% salt and $30^{\circ}C$, rotted in five days. 3) Pollack Intestines The amount of Formonitrogen of the pickled pollack intestines was greater in the groups of lesser amount of salt and higher degrees of storing temperature. The Protease Activity of the pickled pollack intestines began decreasing from the 11th day after the pickling in the groups stored at colmparatively high degrees of temperature$(15^{\circ}C-30^{\circ}C)$, while that of the group stored at $5^{\circ}C$ kept rising. The effects of the amount of salt were little. The group stored at 15% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ started rotting on the 13th day while that stored at $30^{\circ}C$ decayed on the 7th day. The group stored at 20% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ rotted on the 9th day. 4) Oysters The amount of Formonitrogen of the pickled oysters became greater as the storing temperature rose and the doses of salt were lowered. The Protease Activity was not affected at any measurable degree by the density of salt in the group stored at $5^{\circ}C$, but became greater as the storing temperature rose to $15^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$. The group stored at 10% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ rotted on the 5th day while that stored at 20% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ on the 13th day. 5) Shellfish The amount of Formonitrogen of the pickled shellfish became greater, as time went by, it the groups of lower consistency of salt than the groups of higher density of salt, although the decay of the former groups was faster than the latter groups. The density of salt best fitted for the pickling appeared to be about 20% with the storing temperature to be $15^{\circ}C$, at which the pickled stuff became most tasty on the 7th day. The oysters stored in three groups at $5^{\circ}C$, $15^{\circ}C$ and $30^{\circ}C$ respectively showed the greatest Protease Activity alike at 0% of salt, but the activity declined as the density of salt increased. The Protease Activity of each group rose for the first 11 days after the pickling, but began declining from the 13th day onward, with the groups of higher temperature retaining higher Protease Activity than the groups of lower temperature. 6) Cuttlefish Both the amount of Formonitrogen and the degree of Protease Activity of the pickled cuttlefish were greater in the groups of lower density of salt and higher degree of storing temperature. The oysters pickled at 10% salt and $15^{\circ}C$ degenerated on the 13th day while that of 10% salt and $30^{\circ}C$ deteriorated on the 7th day. 7) Octopus Both the Formonitrogen and the Protease Activity of the pickled octopus were greater in the groups of lower density of salt, but as time went by, the Protease Activity in all groups dwindled after a climbing. In general, the Formonitrogen and the Protease Activity of the pickled oysters became greater as the storing temperature got higher. One group stored at 10% salt and $15^{\circ}C$ rotted in 13days while another group stored at $30^{\circ}C$ decayed in 7 days.

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은나노 소금과 은나노 설탕을 이용한 은나노 입자의 항균 특성 연구 (Antimicrobial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles Attached on the Surface of Salt and Sucrose)

  • 선용호
    • KSBB Journal
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.249-253
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    • 2013
  • In this study, we analyzed the attachment amount and the surface properties, such as shape and attachment aspect of silver nanoparticles on the surface of salt and sucrose. In addition, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of silver nanoparticles by measuring total colony counts and total coliforms in sewage according to the time and the amount of silver nanoparticles. As a result, it is found that silver nanoparticles are attached on the surface of salt and sucrose from the SEM images and there is no microorganisms on the surface of salt and sucrose. Silver nanoparticles on salt were rod shape but silver nanoparticles on sucrose were round shape. Also, the content of silver was 0.735 mg/g on salt and 0.885 mg/g on sucrose. In all experiments, total colony counts and total coliforms sharply declined initially, and it decreased gradually as change the time. When injection amount of nano silver sucrose and salt increased, the width of decline was greater. The amount of total colony counts and total coliforms of nano silver salt was much lower and the disinfection efficiency was higher comparing with nano silver sucrose. That means the case of nano silver salt is much better at the antimicrobial activity.

낙동강 하구의 조석변화에 따른 Heterotrophic Activity의 계절적 변화와 염분의 영향 (Seasonal Variation of Heterotrophic Activity in the Estuary of Naktong River over Half Tidal Cycle and Salinity Effect)

  • 안태영;박중찬;하영칠
    • 미생물학회지
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    • 제29권5호
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    • pp.339-343
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    • 1991
  • Heterotrophic activity, total bacteria and salinity were determined seasonally in the estuary of Naktong River over half tidal cycle. Heterotrophic activity was determined by the uptake of [U- $^{14}$ C]glucose. Heterotrophic activity fluctuated with the tides and was decreased as salinity increased. Teh great activity occurred near low ebb tide at all seasons except summer. The main environmental factor affecting hetreotrophic activity was the salinity rather than water temperature in the estuary of Naktong River. In order to estimate the effect of salt, salt was added to estuarine water. Vmax for glucose of salt-added water was 17% and 77% of original estuarine water at station 1 and 2 respectively and slight increase was observed at station 3. Respiration rate and Kt+Sn for glucose of salt-added sample increased at all 3 stations. The increase of the Kt value implies the reduced affinity of bacterial population for glucose. The effects of salinity on the heterotrophic activity were more extensive in the upper region of estuary than at the mouth.

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염 및 당 침지 처리가 건조 사과의 품질특성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Pre-soaking in Salt and Sugar Solutions before Air Drying on Quality Characteristics of Dried Apples)

  • 소슬아;김종원;김아나;박찬양;이교연;샤피어라만;최성길
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제29권5호
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    • pp.808-817
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    • 2016
  • In this study, we investigated the effects of pre-soaking in salt and sugar solution prior to air drying at $50^{\circ}C$ on the characteristics of dried apples. Pre-soaking solutions included single solutions of salt 2% and sugar 2%; and combined solutions of salt 2%+sugar 2% and salt 2%+sugar 5%, respectively. The effects of pre-soaking condition and drying were evaluated in terms of moisture content (MC), water activity, color, antioxidant activity determined by DPPH radical scavenging activity, shear force, microbial contents, and sensory evaluation of apple slices. The control sample without pre-soaking showed the most rapid drying rate; in addition, the single solutions showed higher MC and water activity after drying time of 120 min, as compared to combined solutions. In all samples, MC and water activity showed high correlation coefficients of 0.91 to 0.97; whereas, shear force was negatively correlated with MC and water activity. The single solution of salt 2% showed decrease in change of color, including L, a, and b values, and the number of aerobic bacteria during drying. In addition, highest antioxidant activity and values of sensory preferences were observed in the dried apple pre-soaked in single solution of salt 2%.

혐기적 Broth System에서 젖산균의 담즙산염 내성 (Bile Salt-Tolerance of Lactic Acid Bacteria under Anaerobic Broth System)

  • 신용서;김성효;이갑상
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제23권5호
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    • pp.513-518
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    • 1995
  • To evaluate bile salt-tolerance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB, Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356, Lactobacillus casei IFO 3533, Streptococcus thermnophilus KCTC 2185, Lactobacillus lactis ATCC 4797, and Lactobacillus bulgaricus ATCC 11842), We investigated the survivals, acid production and $\beta $-galactosidase activity of LAB under anaerobic broth system. Cellular permeability of LAB and their cellular retention of $\beta $-galactosidase were also examined in the same system. Although the growth of LAB was slightly suppressed by 0.3% bile salt, they showed normal growth curve. Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 2185 was significantly more resistant to bile salt than the others. The $\beta $-galactosidase activity from Streptococcus thermophilus KCTC 2185 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus ATCC 11842 and their cellular retention of $\beta $-galactosidase decreased by 0.3% bile salt. The cellular permeability of LAB in the presence of bile salt increased significantly.

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염 환경하에서 근대(Beta vulgaris var. cicla)의 생장과 항산화효소(SOD, APX, GR)의 활성변화 (Changes of Growth and Antioxidative Enzyme(SOD, APX, GR) Activities of Spinach Beet(Beta vulgaris var. cicla) Under Saline Condition)

  • 배정진;추연식;송승달
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제13권5호
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    • pp.658-667
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    • 2003
  • 환경 스트레스에 대해 내성을 가지는 것으로 알려진 명아주과에 속하는 근대(지상부길이 15 cm)를 이용하여, 다양한 염 농도에서의 건물함량 측정을 통한 생장반응과 항산화 효소(SOD, APX, GR)의 효과를 밝히기 위하여 다양한 농도(0, 50, 200, 1000 mM NaCl)의 염을 처리한 후 24시간 동안의 효소의 활성변화를 측정하였다. 근대는 처리 2시간째 200 mM NaCl처리구 에서 SOD, APX, GR의 최대활성을 보였으며, 50 mM NaCl처리구에서 가장 낮은 활성을 나타내었다. PAGE에 의한 isoforms의 확인결과, 근대는 3개의 SOD isoforms(Fe-SOD, CuZn-SOD, Mn-SOD)를 함유하고 있었으며, major isoform은 CuZn-SOD로 밝혀졌다. APX의 경우, 9개의 bands 중 특별히 저분자 isoforms (No. 7,8)의 강한 발현양상을 보였다. SOD의 경우 50 mM NaCl처리에서 Mn-SOD isoform의 불활성을 보여 활성의 증감에 있어 Mn-SOD가 직접적인 연관성을 가질 것으로 생각된다. 근대의 항산화 효소는 염 처리후 단시간내 효소 활성의 증가양상(특별히 처리후 2시간째 200 mM NaCl처리구)을 보여, 고농도 염 환경하에서 항산화시스템의 빠른 작동을 통해 염스트레스에 의해 생성된 활성산소를 제거함으로써 염에 의한 산화적 스트레스에 대해 효과적으로 대처해 나가는 것으로 생각된다. 검색어-근대, 염, 활성산소, SOD, APX, GR.

죽염의 약리작용 평가 (Pharmacological Evaluation of Bamboo Salt)

  • 양지선;김옥희;정수연;유태무;노용남;이숙영;정면우;안미령;최현진
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • 제7권2호
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    • pp.178-184
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    • 1999
  • Bamboo salt has been used for the purpose of precaution and treatment of certain diseases including cancer. Therefore, present study was carried out to ascertain the effects of bamboo salt upon anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, and anti-diabetic activities as well. To examine the anti-cancer activity of bamboo salt, ICR mice implanted with 1$\times$l0$^{6}$ cells of sarcoma 180 intraperitoneally had been treated daily with bamboo salt A, crude salt, and reagent-grade NaCl (0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg, p.o.) for 60 days using adriamycin (2 mg/kg) as a positive control. Neither survival rate nor body weight had been significantly influenced by all the treatments indicating that bamboo salt A did not exert the anti-cancer effect on ICR mice. Anti-hypertensive activity was examined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) which had been administered with bamboo salt A, crude salt, and reagent-grade NaCl (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0% in drinking water) for 28 days using hydralazin (2 mg/kg) as a positive control. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured at 1, 3, and 4 weeks after the starting date. Significant anti-hypertensive activity was not observed in any treated group compared to the positive control group. In order to determine if bamboo salt had anti-diabetic activity, rats in which diabetes had been induced by streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, i.m.) were treated daily with bamboo salt A, crude salt, and reagent-grade NaCl (0.2, 1.0, and 2.0 g/kg, p.o.) for 28 days using insulin (50 U/kg, s.c..) as a positive control. Blood samples were taken and analyzed at 1,2, and 4 weeks after the starting date. Bamboo salt did not cause any decreasing effect on the blood glucose levels. These results clearly demonstrated that bamboo salt A did not exert anti-cancer, anti-hypertensive, or anti-diabetic activities in the present experimental animals.

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미더덕 껍질, 뽕잎, 양파 추출물을 첨가한 항고혈압 저염간장의 제조 및 특성 (Preparation and Characteristics of Low-salt Soy Sauce with Anti-hypertensive Activity by Addition of Miduduk Tunic, Mulberry, and Onion Extracts)

  • 신유진;이창권;김현진;김현승;서한극;이승철
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제43권6호
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    • pp.854-858
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    • 2014
  • 고혈압과 같은 혈관성 질환을 개선할 수 있는 항고혈압 저염간장을 개발하기 위하여 미더덕 껍질, 뽕잎, 양파 추출물을 저염간장(염도 12%)에 첨가하였다. 그 결과 단일 소재 추출물을 첨가하였을 때보다 두 가지 이상을 혼합하여 첨가하였을 때 높은 ACE 저해능과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 나타내었다. 특히 미더덕 껍질과 양파의 추출물들을 첨가한 저염간장에서 ACE 저해능과 DPPH 라디칼 소거능이 기존의 일반 염도인 15% 간장에 비하여 상대적으로 약 30% 향상되었다. 이상의 결과는 미더덕 껍질, 뽕잎, 양파의 추출물들이 항고혈압능과 항산화능에 유익한 저염간장을 제조할 수 있는 유익한 소재로 활용될 수 있음을 시사한다.

소금 첨가에 따른 도라지 발효 특성과 미생물 변화 및 항비만 효능 평가 (Effect of Platycodon grandiflorum Fermentation with Salt on Fermentation Characteristics, Microbial Change and Anti-obesity Activity)

  • 신나래;임수경;김호준
    • 한방비만학회지
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.64-73
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    • 2018
  • Objectives: This study investigated the effect on microbial ecology, fermentation characteristics and anti-obesity of Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) fermentation with salt. Methods: PG was fermented for four weeks with 2.5% salt and the characteristics of fermented PG were performed by measuring pH, total sugar content, viable bacteria number and microbial profiling. Also, we measured total polyphenol, flavonoid and the percent of inhibition of lipase activity and lipid accumulation. Results: Salt added to PG for fermentation had an effect on pH, total sugar, total and the number of lactic acid bacteria. Total sugar and pH were reduced and number of total and lactic acid bacteria were increased after fermentation. The majority of bacteria for fermentation were Lactobacillus plantarum, Leuconostoc psedomesenteroides and Lactococcus lactis subspecies lactis regardless of salt addition. However, microbial compositions were altered by added salt and additional bacteria including Weissella koreensis, W. viridescens, Lactobacillus sakei and Lactobacillus cuvatus were found in fermented PG with salt. Total flavonoid was increased in fermented PG and lipid accumulation on HepG2 cells treated with fermented PG was reduced regardless of salt addition. Moreover, fermented PG without salt suppressed lipase activity. Conclusions: Addition of salt for PG fermentation had influence on fermentation characteristics including pH and sugar content as well as number of bacteria and microbial composition. In addition, fermented PG showed anti-obesity effect by increasing flavonoid content and inhibition of lipase activity and lipid accumulation.

Diminished Vascular Guanylyl Cyclase Activity in Deoxycorticosterone Acetate-Salt Hypertension

  • Lee, Jong-Un;Hong, Jung-Hee
    • The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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    • 제4권5호
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    • pp.379-383
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    • 2000
  • Pathophysiological implications of the vascular nitric oxide (NO)/cGMP pathway in hypertension were investigated. Sprague-Dawley rats were made deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt hypertensive for six weeks. The protein expression of endothelial constitutive NO synthase (ecNOS) and the tissue content of NO were determined in the thoracic aorta. The protein expression and catalytic activity of soluble guanylyl cyclase (GC) were also determined. Systolic blood pressure measured on the day of experiment was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control. The hypertension was associated with decreases in the vascular tissue content of NO metabolites, concomitantly with the expression of ecNOS proteins. The protein expression of GC was not affected, while its catalytic activity was significantly decreased in hypertension. These results indicate that the high blood pressure is associated with a decreased activity of vascular NO/cGMP pathway in DOCA-salt hypertension.

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