• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.22
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• pp.1-23
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• 2007

This paper investigates the relationships between exports, firm size, and firm dynamics. It is based on a longitudinal data covering listed firms in the Korean manufacturing industry. We found the stylized fact that the probability that a firm is exporter increases with firm size. A regression model for the determinant of export/sales ratio including dynamic adjustment process is tested on a cross-section sample for the year 2001. Empirical findings suggest that there is a positive and inversely U-shaped relationship between firm size and export/sales ratio, just for basic material and capital good industry. Except for firm size, the hypotheses concerning human capital intensity, physical capital intensity, R&D intensity, and patent are rejected. Using Granger causality test, we found that the rate of growth of total sales influences the change of the export/sales ratio with time lag for medium-sized firms. Finally, some policy implications are presented.

• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2011

This study aimed to predict retail sales of local markets in Jinan city of China with the Huff model. Using the Huff Model, we examined whether the predicted retail sales of local markets may be different in Jinan, China, from the department stores, supermarkets, shopping centers/shopping malls, and home appliance stores. The probability that a customer shops at location depends upon the store size and the travel time factors calculated by the Huff Model. We found that the predictedretail sales of shopping malls have a greater value than others. People who live in a mid-sized city may have easier access to any stores within the city boundary than people in metropolitan areas. Therefore, people in a mid-sized city are more sensitive to store size, because a bigger store size means greater opportunities, incentivizing consumers to travel further to competing stores after passing by nearer, smaller stores. This study has some limitations. First, the data is somewhat restricted in that the subject stores do not represent all of the stores in Jinan. Second, we cannot compare the estimated market share of the stores and the actual sales data. It is further suggested in this study that more databases be developed throughout such East Asian countries as Korea and Japan and that a different parameter λ value in the Huff Model be utilized for mid-sized cities.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.72-81
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• 2015

This paper studied the differences of the inventories asset turnover change ratio and several characteristics variable between large and small manufacturing firm group. Large and small firm group were determined based on number of labors and asset size. Several characteristics variable of firms such as assets size, sales growth rate, return on assets, leverage ratio, credit rating and age of firm were used to find out the differences of firm group. As a result, the inventory asset turnover change ratio of large firm was 5.16% and that of the middle and small firm was 9.3%. For the large firm, sales growth rate, ROA and credit rating affect inventory assets turnover change ratio. For the middle and small sized firm, Assets size, sales growth rate and credit rating affect inventory assets turnover change ratio. Using this result, we can say that manufacturing company need to consider their firm size and their characteristics to make their own operation strategy of inventory.

• The International Journal of Costume Culture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.112-122
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• 2004

A brassier supports and protects breasts and makes a better shape of the upper half of the body through shaping breasts. A brassier, therefore, is recognized as the key underwear for female. Recently, the distribution structure and channels of the brassiere industry is diversified from conventional type of markets to department stores, convenience stores, and internet shopping mall. Studies on the sales of brassieres via internet, however, is not sufficient even though the market size has been dramatically increased thursdays. The study on the size structure (including the size and the materials fabric of brassieres circulating via internet) is especially rare. Therefore, this study tries to comply with increasing requests of consumers through comparing brassier brands on internet. In depth, this study compares cases of Korea and Japan in terms of availability of website on sales, quality indication like materials and functions, and size. The results indicated that there were three companies in Korea which run a website and make a sale through a website. All three Japanese companies operate a website and make sales on a website as well. In terms of size, Korean companies diversify their size of products in two ways. It varies from A cup to D cup based on cup size, and 65 to 100 according to its entire size. On the other hand, Japanese companies use AA, A to I to measure cup size, and 65 to 100 for entire size.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.10
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• pp.113-121
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the depth of fashion product line on sales. The depth of the fashion product line was defined as the variety of style, color, and size in the outwear line for this study. Data were collected from the 98 brands in 4 department stores located in Seoul and Pusan. The result showed the significant impact of the variety of the outwear style on sales. Even after controlling the effect of advertising and the level of price in each brand, significant effect of the variety of outwear style were noticed on sales.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.489-499
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• 2009

The spread of internet brought the rapid development of on-line shopping mall, but the information of clothing-related products especially underwears in on-line shopping mall is still poor. Thus, in this paper, we investigated the dimension status and problems of brassieres selling at on-line shopping malls and suggest improving solutions. We surveyed the sales sizes and sales status of brassieres for four top-sales on-line malls and analyzed them based on both of Korean Standards and SizeKorea2005, the measurement data of Korean women's sizes. The results showed that almost of brassieres were for adults(98.8%), and for general purpose(97.8%) while the sales rates of specially targeted products for teen-ager or functional products for nursing mom were very low. Also, we noticed that Korean Standards covers most of SizeKorea measurements of women, but brassieres of only a small portion of size in Korean Standards were manufactured and sold at on-line shopping mall. It means that consumers who do not belong to the sector of most frequent body measurement range suffer difficulties in purchase of brassieres by on-line shopping. Thus, it is required to gather more accurate information about body size of potential consumers and to offer wider range of sizes and target-specific products for the activation of on-line shopping.

• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.59-79
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• 2019

This study analyzes whether mutual fund distributors are more likely to recommend products with higher sales compensation to maximize their profit. The lists of the 'fund of the month' on their webpages are utilized from April of 2015 to August of 2015. A simple comparative analysis shows that the average sales fees and the average front-end load are significantly higher in the recommended funds among the A share class of domestic equity funds. The results of a regression analysis confirm that funds with high sales compensation levels are more likely to be recommended. This holds true for both domestic equity funds and hybrid bond funds even after controlling for fund age, fund size, and past returns.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.25-37
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• 2016

This study aims to investigate the determinants of dividend payout of Oil and Gas industry of Pakistan using secondary data from published annual reports from 2008 to 2014 listed on KSE (Karachi Stock Exchange). Dividend payout can be affected by profitability, firm size, financial leverage, sales growth, investment opportunities, liquidity, business risk, and ownership structure. Panel data technique used due to panel characteristics of available data with ordinary least square regression model to find out the impact of set of explanatory variables on the dividend payout using the Stata. Financial leverage, sales growth and business risks are the most significant variables of the study where financial leverage and business risk have significant negative effect on dividend payout while sales growth has favorable positive impact on dividend payout. Results revealed significant positive link of profitability and firm size with dividend payout whereas government ownership is negatively associated with dividend payout. Investment opportunities, liquidity and managerial ownership showed insignificant relationship with dividend payout. This Suggests that dividend payout policy is dependent on business strategies including both investment and financing decisions. Financial managers should consider these factors while formulating dividend policy of the firm.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.739-748
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• 2020

The study aims to estimate the effect of current ratio (CR), current liability to inventory (CLI), total asset turnover (TAT), net profit margin (NPM), sales growth (SG), and company size (FS) on profit growth (PG). The research population was 18 companies in the Food and Beverage (F&B) sector listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2014-2018. The data estimation method uses the common effect panel data regression model. The empirical findings show that the CR and CLI ratios have a negative effect on PG, while the TAT, NPM, and SG ratios have a positive effect. Company size is a factor that does not affect the growth of company profits. The results of the study imply that an increase in company profits can be achieved if the company operates efficiently and with low liquidity to encourage higher sales growth. The limitations of the research are as follows: first, this research considers only one type of industry, hence the results of this study would not be the same if applied to another type of industry. Second, the author observes profit growth by using the company's financial ratios and size and ignores other factors that may affect profit growth, for example, the number of employees, total net sales, and market capitalization.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.121-135
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• 2022

The purpose of this study is to explore the convergence sector of the spatial information industry based on the business transaction data of spatial information companies and to predict the market size of the industry using the Seemingly Unrelated Regression(SUR) model. The convergence part of spatial information industry, which cannot be identified in the Spatial Data Industry Survey, was analyzed by exploring keywords related to spatial information using the business DB of Korea Enterprise Data (2010-2019). The convergence of spatial information businesses mainly appeared in the business relationship between the value chain between Seoul and Gyeonggi Province. The convergence business has the largest sales in the value chain 2 (utilization, service) & 3 (convergence), and also the convergence in the value chain 1 (production, construction) & 2, 2 & 3 stages has doubled in 2019 compared to 2010. In 2019, the total sales of the spatial information industry based on the Statistical Korea were announced at about 8 trillion won, but in this study, the total sales of the spatial information industry were estimated at 28 trillion won considering convergence activities. Finally, when scenario 1 (0.38% population growth, 2020-2024) and 0.07% (2026-2030) were applied using the SUR model to predict the expected market size of the industry, sales decreased by -0.37% to 0.069% in 2025 and 2030 by respectively. When scenario 2 (average wage growth 1.2%) was applied during the same period, sales in the industry increased by 2.326% to 12.185%. In other words, the sales in the spatial information industry depends on Labor, Total Factor Productivity, and Capital Productivity so it is necessary to additional research on policy development and alternatives of enhancing each productivity.