• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.7-12
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• 2017

The whiplash is the most important issue of low speed rear-impact. So auto makers are committed to developing a seat to improve whiplash injury. Most NCAP tests have been used by same pulse (Mid Velocity 16kph). Only Euro NCAP uses different pulse that consists of Low, Mid, High velocity. But Euro NCAP also uses same pulse in Mid velocity as other NCAP test. That Mid velocity NCAP pulse was made by rear impact that has 90's vehicle structure properties. That pulse was used until now days. However these days, auto maker use more high tensile steel than 90's as customer and society demand more fuel efficiency and light vehicle with good safety structure. So modern vehicles have different pulse patterns of rear impact than NCAP pulse and 90's vehicle crash properties. In this paper, the test was conducted by following condition. Target car was impacted by the rigid barrier with certain velocity. Finally target vehicle gained delta V 16kph which was same velocity as NCAP Mid Velocity pulse. It is critical velocity which occur long period neck injury. It is very different pulse that was gained by real car impact from NCAP pulse. And it has higher peak G with high fluctuation and short duration than NCAP pulse.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.85-90
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• 2007

The main function of the Forward Vehicle Collision Warning System (FVCWS) is to warn a driver when he or she experiences dangerous situations caused by a forward vehicle. Warning distance algorithms under same dangerous circumstances are often various depending on automobile manufacturers and component suppliers. Human factors also should be considered to warn the driver at an adequate warning distance. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a system for evaluating the pertinent warning timing in an identically dangerous situation. The system consists of sensors for measuring speed and acceleration of subject vehicle and target vehicle, controllers to follow the velocity profile properly, and wireless telecommunication equipments for receiving or transmitting the measured data in a real-time. According to actual field tests, it is shown that the developed system is suitable to evaluate warning distance of FVCWS.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.224-229
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• 2009

Partial safety factors(PSFs) for Level I reliability based design of caisson type quay walls were calculated. First order reliability method(FORM) based PSFs are the functions of sensitivities of limit state function with respect to design random variables, target reliability index, characteristic values and first moment of random variables. Modified PSFs for water level and resilient water level are newly defined to keep consistency with the current design code. In the numerical example, PSFs were calculated by using a target reliability index. Seismic coefficient is defined to show extreme distribution. It was found that PSFs for seismic coefficient becomes smaller as the return period for design seismic coefficient grows longer.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1959-1962
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• 2009

In this paper, we derive the hazard which is a criterion of safety assurance by PHA for the ATP equipped in Korea Tilting Train. The ATP onboard equipment in Korea Tilting Train was introduced as ETCS Level l(which is ETCS specification). Also, the ATP trackside equipment was introduced as a ETCS SRS(System Requirement Specification) 2.2.2 and it has a target for commercial operation in 2009 late. In IEC 62278(EN50126), it recommend of PHA to derive a hazard of target system in concept establishment step and estimate if it can control as a tolerable level and then derive safety case to control the hazard by lifecycle. Therefore, we indicate the hazard using criterion of safety assurance by PHA using FRS (Functional Requirement Specification) 5.0. which is a upper criterion than SRS. The hazard of ATP onboard equipment derived in Korea Tilting Train will be able to use as ATP functional hazards of unified onboard equipment in G7 which is a multiple unit and preliminary hazards of ATP onboard equipment in NEL drived by Korail.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.93-99
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• 2020

It seems to be increased rapidly that practical uses of intelligent Dron for public mission performance such as surveillance, prevention of disaster accident, relief etc with Dron technology development. Dron is needed for major technology realization of detection and trace technology of target, flight control and obstacle avoidance during flighting, detection and control of landing point functions to use smart safety-city platform construction. This dron system cause a great ripple effect technically and promote industrialization in the field of new technology. In this paper, an effective analysis and design method of dron system software will be presented by showing user requirement analysis using object-oriented method, flowchart and screen design.

• Convergence Security Journal
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• v.16 no.3_2
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• pp.55-63
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is that there viewing at the future development direction and awareness of the cultural contents industry targeting college students for the activation of the domestic cultural content industry. And we want to find the need of the security industry & Concert Hall Safety. Recent worldwide it has occurred 'Soft target' terror targeting unspecified civilian in the cultural space of theater and music venues, stadiums etc. But security and safety systems against terror in Korea are very deficient situation. US security market has increased sales significantly interest in increasing against crime and terrorism prevention and depending on the price cut and technology development. It is expected to require a security industry in a variety of applications to the cultural contents industry development about Korean pop music and theatrical performances, and internet and mobile games stc.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.19-27
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• 2022

Urban Air Mobility is expected to resolve some problems in urban transportation such as traffic congestion and air pollution. Various studies for a large-scale commercialization of UAM are being actively conducted. To that end, the UAM Traffic Management system aims at securing a safety and an efficiency of UAM operations. In this study, a risk assessment model is proposed to evaluate the risk of collision between a vehicle and surrounding obstacles. The proposed model is conceived from the past studies for determining a proper separation distance between parallel runways for their independent operations. The model calculates the risk that the surveillance system fails to meet a target level of safety for a given buffer zone size between a designed route and surrounding obstacles. The model is applied to one of the routes proposed in K-UAM roadmap to evaluate its performances.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.191-198
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• 2022

FIB is introduced as the sole guideline for the design purpose that results in a practical relationship for the torsional capacity of concrete beams strengthened with carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP). This study applies first-order reliability method to assess the reliability evaluation of the torsional capacity of CFRP-strengthened beams on the basis of FIB guidelines. In terms of steel reinforcement losses, this study applies a corrosion model to investigate the ceaseless deterioration of the existing structure. Hence, the average of reliability indices varies between 2.68 and 2.80, indicating the reliability viewpoint of the design methodologies. The average values are somehow low compared to the target values of reliability (3.0 or 3.5) applied in the calibration stage of the FIB guideline. In this way, the partial safety factors may change in the forthcoming guideline revisions. For this aim, the reliability of strengthening ratio was applied to assess the variation in the average value of the reliability index with different partial safety factors. The performance of parametric study for the factor proved that minimum values of 1.60 and 2.32 are required for target values of reliability (3.0 and 3.5), respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.26 no.6_3
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• pp.1215-1221
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• 2023

According to the study and experiments performed on the Improvement of Maintaining Temperature of Aviation Dangerous Goods, a conclusion was drawn that clear technical guidelines should be established from the design and assembly stage of temperature-controlled packaging, taking into account actual transportation environment. In particular, profiles consisting of only two types of summer and winter are difficult to adjust flexibly in transportation process with severe weather and temperature changes such as spring and fall. To this end, there is a need to establish a compromise profile configuration for summer and winter. It was also found that the condition of the refrigerant, temperature control, and the speed of the packaging operation have a significant impact on maintaining constant temperature. Therefore, all packing operations need to be completed within a short period of time in the environment close to the target temperature. The current packing instructions provided by packaging manufacturers do not provide precise instructions on post-conditioning, but the experiments in this study confirmed that post-conditioning is very important for maintaining the target temperature, so it is necessary to provide precise legal packing technical instructions.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.361-370
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• 2016

Objective:The aim of this study is to evaluate contributions of individual finger forces associated with various levels of submaximal voluntary contraction tasks. Background: Although many researches for individual finger force have been conducted, most of the studies mainly focus on the maximal voluntary contraction. However, Information concerning individual finger forces during submaximal voluntary contraction is also very important for developing biomechanical models and for designing hand tools, work equipment, hand prostheses and robotic hands. Due to these reasons, studies on the contribution of individual finger force in submaximal grip force exertions should be fully considered. Method: A total of 60 healthy adults without any musculoskeletal disorders in the upper arms participated in this study. The young group (mean: 23.7 yrs) consisted of 30 healthy adults (15 males and 15 females), and the elderly group (mean: 75.2 yrs) was also composed of 30 participants (15 males and 15 females). A multi-Finger Force Measurement (MFFM) System developed by Kim and Kong (2008) was applied in order to measure total grip strength and individual finger forces. The participants were asked to exert a grip force attempting to minimize the difference between the target force and their exerted force for eight different target forces (5, 15, 25, 35, 45, 55, 65, and 75% MVCs). These target forces based on the maximum voluntary contraction, which were obtained from each participant, were randomly assigned in this study. Results: The contributions of middle and ring fingers to the total grip force represented an increasing trend as the target force level increased. On the other hand, the contributions of index and little fingers showed a decreasing trend as the target force level increased. In particular, Index finger exerted the largest contribution to the total grip force, followed by middle, ring and little fingers in the case of the smallest target force level (5% MVC), whereas middle finger showed the largest contribution, followed by ring, index and little fingers at the largest target force levels (65 and 75% MVCs). Conclusion: Each individual finger showed a different contribution pattern to the grip force exertion. As the target force level increase from 5 to 75% MVC, the contributions of middle and ring fingers showed an increasing trend, whereas the contributions of index and little fingers represented a decreasing trend in this study. Application: The results of this study can be useful information when designing robotic hands, hand tools and work equipment. Such information would be also useful when abnormal hand functions are evaluated.