• 대한조선학회논문집
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.222-235
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• 2018

The hydrocarbon gas leak in the offshore plant can cause large accidents and lead to significant damages to human, property and environment. For prevention of fire or explosion accidents from gas leak, a SIS(Safety Instrumented System) should be installed. In the early stage of the offshore design, required SIL(Safety Integrated Level) is determined and reliability analysis is performed to verify the design in reliability aspects. This study collected data, information related to reliability analysis and created knowledge model of safety design for the offshore system with MBSE(Model-Based Systems Engineering) concept. Knowledge model could support safety engineer's design tasks as the guidance of reliability analysis procedure of safety design and make good conversation with other engineers in yard, class, company, etc.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제30권
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• pp.4.1-4.11
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• 2015

Objectives: This survey was designed to conduct the first nationwide dietary exposure assessment on hazardous substances including the intakes of functional food and herbal medicine. In this paper, we introduced the survey design and the results of the dietary exposure status and internal exposure levels of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg). Methods: We selected 4867 subjects of all ages throughout Korea. We conducted a food survey, dietary survey, biomonitoring, and health survey. Results: Pb and Cd were the highest (median value) in the seaweed ($94.2{\mu}g/kg$ for Pb; $594{\mu}g/kg$ for Cd), and Hg was the highest in the fish ($46.4{\mu}g/kg$). The dietary exposure level (median value) of Pb was $0.14{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (bw)/d, $0.18{\mu}g/kg$ bw/d for Cd, and $0.07{\mu}g/kg$ bw/d for Hg. Those with a blood Pb level of less than $5.00{\mu}g/dL$ (US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, reference value for those 1 to 5 years of age) were 99.0% of all the subjects. Those with a blood Cd level with less than $0.30{\mu}g/L$ (German Federal Environmental Agency, reference value for non-smoking children) were 24.5%. For those with a blood Hg level with less than $5.00{\mu}g/L$ (human biomonitoring I, references value for children and adults, German Federal Environmental Agency) was 81.0 % of all the subjects. Conclusions: The main dietary exposure of heavy metals occurs through food consumed in a large quantity and high frequency. The blood Hg level and dietary exposure level of Hg were both higher than those in the European Union.