• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.126-135
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• 2000

Probabilistic Safety Assessment (PSA) is an engineering analysis method to identify possible contributors to the risk from a nuclear power plant and now it has become a standard tool in safety evaluation of nuclear power plants. PSA consists of three phases named as Level 1, 2 and 3. Level 2 PSA, mainly focused in this paper, uses a step-wise approach. At first, plant damage states (PDSs) are defined from the Level 1 PSA results and they are quantified. Containment event tree (CET) is then constructed considering the physico-chemical phenomena in the containment. The quantification of CET can be assisted by a decomposition event tree (DET). Finally, source terms are quantitatively characterized by the containment failure mode. As the main benefit of PSA is to provide insights into plant design, performance and environmental impacts, including the identification of the dominant risk contributors and the comparison of options for reducing risk, this technique is expected to be applied to the industrial safety area.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.58 no.5
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• pp.960-967
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• 2009

Power supply system of electric railway has a diversity of safety problems since it should supply high electric power to the trains moving high speed with a lot of passengers on board. This paper provides a risk assessment approach to safety management of the electric railway facilities. Construction of database from field accident information, risk assessment and management of the risk are carried out systematically to ensure the safety. The risk assessment includes hazard identification, cause analysis by FTA(Fault Tree Analysis), consequence analysis by EVA(Event Tree Analysis), and loss analysis. In terms of the severity and the probability of the accidents deduced by these analyses, the risk of the accidents is assessed by using a risk matrix designed for electric railway facilities. Based on the risk assessment, possible risk mitigation options are identified and evaluated by analyzing their impact on the risk reduction and their cost benefit ratio. The long-term safety of the electric railway facilities can be ensured by renewal of the risk assessment and the risk mitigation option analysis with continuous accident database update. The proposed approach is applied to the electric railway facilities of Korean railway based on the accident data from 2002 to 2008.

• International Journal of Safety
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2003

Recently, continuous fiber reinforced ceramic composite(CFCC) has attracted attention to a number of engineers because of its significant benefit for several industrial area. This work was conducted to provide a basic characteristic of CFCC for tensile loading condition. The numerical analysis by general purpose finite element program was accomplished and compared with an experimental tensile test. The stress strain curves were expressed well by the numerical analysis and the first matrix cracking stress was in accordance with that of the experimental result. Moreover, fracture pattern was shown by kill command graphically.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.147-152
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• 2014

Recently the patient exposure by medical and dental x-ray examination has grown rapidly and diagnostic radiology represents the largest source of man-made radiation. For the patient protection, the principle of justification and optimization should be followed. All the radiographic examinations have to show a potential benefit to the patient weighing against the potential risk. After they are justified, the radiographic exposure should be kept as low as reasonably achievable, taking into account economic and social factors. For the safe use of radiation in dentistry, the radiation safety management in accordance with the legislation is important. The present status and the future of radiation safety management in dental radiology in Korea and other country will be discussed.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.37-46
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• 2010

The development of advanced nuclear fuel cycle(ANFC) technology is essential to meet the national mission for energy independence via a nuclear option in Korea. The action target is to develop environmentally friendly, cost-effective measures to reduce the burden of long term disposal. The proper scenarios regarding potential radionuclide release from a repository have been developed in this study based on the advanced korean Reference Disposal System(A-KRS). To predict safety for the various scenarios, a new assessment code based on the GoldSim software has also been developed. Deterministic analysis indicates an environmental benefit from the ANFC as long as the solid waster from the ANFC act as a proper barrier.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.7-15
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• 2008

New Car Assessment Program(NCAP) provides consumers with vehicle safety information, primarily front and side crash rating results, and more recently rollover ratings, to aid consumers in their vehicle purchase decisions. NCAP is a system to improve driver and passenger safety by providing market incentives for vehicle manufacturers to voluntarily design their vehicles to better protect drivers and passengers in a crash and be less susceptible to rollover, rather than by regulatory directives. NCAP have been performed since 1999 in Korea by the government in order to reduce fatalities and injuries caused by traffic accidents. Although as the number of vehicles models increases, more vehicle models are required to be test and NCAP is evaluated as a valuable system for vehicle safety, the expansion of the system is slow. It looks like that the benefit of NCAP quantitatively was not verified. In this study, based on the idea that the benefit of the NCAP is defined as the decrease of traffic accident severity by improving vehicle safety, a methodology to analyze the effectiveness of NCAP quantitatively in terms of traffic safety was developed. According to the developed methodology, the reduced numbers of fatalities and injuries were 1.51 and 466 in 2005.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.130-142
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• 2014

The Korean government is considering implementation of the marine ecosystem restoration technology program (MERTP) to analyze the current status of the marine ecosystems and causes for the ecosystem deterioration as well as to eventually establish a master strategic plan for restoring ecosystem functions and preventing ecosystem functional loss. In order to determine likelihood of successful implementation, it is essential to perform an analysis of the economic feasibility of the program. The present study assessed economic feasibility of the MERTP. To this end, the dichotomous choice contingent valuation (CV) method is used. In particular, dichotomous choice (DC) format is employed as a method of eliciting willingness-to-pay (WTP) response to incentive-compatible mechanisms. The study also employed the spike model to deal with zero WTP responses from the DC CV survey. This survey of 1,000 randomly selected households in accordance with the guidelines provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (USA) was carried out nationwide in 2013. And, the respondents were asked in person-to-person interviews about their WTP for implementing the MERTP. The results showed that the annual mean WTP was estimated to be 5,414 won per household. Consequently, the annual benefit from the MERTP would be about 98.6 billion won for the next five years. Economic feasibility assessment utilizing the MERTP investment cost and expansion cost of the value provided that net present value, benefit/cost ratio, and internal rate of return are 337.8 billion won, 5.20, and 65.9 %, respectively, which are bigger than 0, 1.0, and 5.5 %, and that the MERTP passes the cost-benefit analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.84-92
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• 2020

Most facilities in chemical plants operate in environments that are outside the range of temperature and pressure that can be encountered on a daily basis, and are vulnerable to aging due to these stresses and environmental conditions. The facilities exposed to these conditions are not only likely to fail due to cumulative damage, but also lead to accidents if maintenance and replacement are not performed.Recommendation guidelines called risk-based inspection are widely used around the world-wide. However, limits exist for facilities that have already elapsed for a certain. As a result of the survey on the aging of Ulsan industrial complex in Korea, which carries out proper inspection, many of the facilities have been used for 20 years. Also, most of the facilities where the accident occurred have been in operation for more than 20 years. Therefore, this study suggested criteria for classifying devices that have exceeded a certain period of use as obsolete facilities. In addition, quantitative risk assessment was conducted. The safety investment method using the cost-benefit analysis method was proposed in order to calculate the loss cost and reduce the risk by expressing the risks of the corresponding aged facility as an Economic index. By utilizing the method of cost-benefit analysis of old facilities using the quantitative risk assessment presented in this study, it can be expected to improve the performance and life of old facilities, improve production efficiency and reliability of the system of facilities, change the recognition of safety management costs, increase employee stability, and reduce loss costs.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.201-209
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• 2013

Background: The study was conducted to investigate the current status of the occupational health and safety management system (OHSMS) in the construction industry and the effect of OHSMS on accident rates. Differences of awareness levels on safety issues among site general managers and occupational health and safety (OHS) managers are identified through surveys. Methods: The accident rates for the OHSMS-certified construction companies from 2006 to 2011, when the construction OHSMS became widely available, were analyzed to understand the effect of OHSMS on the work-related injury rates in the construction industry. The Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency 18001 is the certification to these companies performing OHSMS in South Korea. The questionnaire was created to analyze the differences of OHSMS awareness between site general managers and OHS managers of construction companies. Results: The implementation of OHSMS among the top 100 construction companies in South Korea shows that the accident rate decreased by 67% and the fatal accident rate decreased by 10.3% during the period from 2006 to 2011. The survey in this study shows different OHSMS awareness levels between site general managers and OHS managers. The differences were motivation for developing OHSMS, external support needed for implementing OHSMS, problems and effectiveness of implementing OHSMS. Conclusion: Both work-related accident and fatal accident rates were found to be significantly reduced by implementing OHSMS in this study. The differences of OHSMS awareness between site general managers and OHS managers were identified through a survey. The effect of these differences on safety and other benefits warrants further research with proper data collection.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2002

Intervention levels for foodstuff restriction in a radiological emergency in Korea are suggested based on the justification and the optimization through the cost-benefit approach method from IAEA Safty Series 109 recommendation. Intervention levels are specified for three broad groups of radionuclides with similar values of committed effective dose per unit intake and specified for two broad categories of foodstuff grouped according to value per kg. It is also discussed on the applicability of revised intervention levels for foodstuff restriction.