• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.141-144
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• 1999

A Spectroscopic study on a pulme produced by a reactive laser pulse irradiates the graphite target in a nitrogen atmosphere, two emission bands of C2(d3IIg longrightarrowa3 IIu, Swan band) and CN(B2$\Sigma$+ longrightarrowX$^2$$\Sigma$+, Violet band ) were observed. By simulation of the optical emissionspectra, spectroscopic temperature of $C_2$ and CN molecules were obtained. The depended of vibrational and rotational temperatures on the laser fluence and distance from the target as well as the pressure dependence of the emission intensities of $C_2$ and CN was examined to elucidate the expansion dynamics of the plume and formation mechanisms of $C_2$and CN molecules.

• Archives of Hand and Microsurgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.277-280
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• 2018

Turrets exostosis are extremely rare to occur. Benign bony outgrowths from the dorsum of the phalanges following trauma are termed Turrets exostosis. We report an unusual case of Turrets exostosis of the fourth finger with no preceding trauma which has never been reported before. A 50-year-old female patient presented to us with a bony swelling on the dorsum of the fourth finger of her right hand in one year. The swelling was dormant initially and started to progress in size since three months leading to pain, restriction of movements and deformity of the finger. Turrets exostosis are very rare to occur. A preceding history of trauma is not necessary for it to occur as described in the literature. Surgical excision yields good results and is indicated when the bony mass causes a progressive deformity of the finger and restriction of movements of the finger.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.40 no.9
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• pp.593-599
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• 2007

Background: The correlation between levels of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and the effect of pulmonary resection on the right ventricle of the heart is not yet widely known. This study aims to assess the relationship between the change in hemodynamic values of the right ventricle and increased BNP levels as a compensatory mechanism for right heart failure following pulmonary resection and to evaluate the role of the BNP level as an index of right heart failure after pulmonary resection. Material and Method: In 12 non small cell lung cancer patients that had received a lobectomy or pnemonectomy, the level of NT-proBNP was measured using the immunochemical method (Elecsys $1010^{(R)}$, Roche, Germany) which was compared with hemodynamic variables determined through the use of a Swan-Garz catheter prior to and following the surgery. Echocardiography was performed prior to and following the surgery, to measure changes in right ventricular and left ventricular pressures. For statistical analysis, the Wilcoxon rank sum test and linear regression analysis were conducted using SPSSWIN (version, 11.5). Result: The level of postoperative NT-proBNP (pg/mL) significantly increased for 6 hours, then for 1 day, 2 days, 3 days and 7 days after the surgery (p=0.003, 0.002, 0.002, 0.006, 0.004). Of the hemodynamic variables measured using the Swan-Ganz catheter, the mean pulmonary artery pressure after the surgery when compared with the pressure prior to surgery significantly increased at 0 hours, 6 hours, then 1 day, 2 days, and 3 days after the surgery (p=0.002, 0,002, 0.006, 0.007, 0.008). The right ventricular pressure significantly increased at 0 hours, 6 hours, then 1 day, and 3 days after the surgery (p=0.000, 0.009, 0.044, 0.032). The pulmonary vascular resistance index [pulmonary vascular resistance index=(mean pulmonary artery pressure-mean pulmonary capillary wedge pressure)/cardiac output index] significantly increased at 6 hours, then 2 days after the surgery (p=0.008, 0.028). When a regression analysis was conducted for changes in the mean pulmonary artery pressure and NT-proBNP levels after the surgery, significance was evident after 6 hours (r=0.602, p=0.038) and there was no significance thereafter. Echocardiography displayed no significant changes after the surgery. Conclusion: There was a significant correlation between changes in the mean pulmonary artery pressure and the NT-proBNP level 6 hours after a pulmonary resection. Therefore, it can be concluded that changes in NT-proBNP level after a pulmonary resection can serve as an index that reflects early hemodynamic changes in the right ventricle after a pulmonary resection.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.215-220
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• 2008

This experiment was conducted to compare forage production and feed value of winter forage crops at the experimental field of Livestock Division, National Institute of Subtropical Agriculture from 2007 to 2008. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The five winter forage crops used in this experiment were barely ('Youngyang' and 'Yuyeon'), oats ('Samhan' and 'Swan'), wheat ('Kumkang' and 'Woori'), triticale ('Shinyoung') and italian ryegrass ('Hwasan 101' and 'Florida-80'). The species having the fastest heading date was wheat (5th April) while the heading date of oats ('Samhan') was the latest as 28th April. The dry matter (DM) content of wheat was the highest among the five winter forage crops. Italian ryegrass ('Hwasan 101') showed the highest CP content by 11.2% and oats (Swan) showed the lowest content by 9.8%. Average acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content were 28.6 and 50.8% respectively. The five winter forage crops have narrow range of total nutrient digestibility (TDN) from 64.0% to 69.1%. Italian ryegrass ('Hwasan 101') showed the highest DM yield by 25,951 kg/ha, but the DM yield of barely and wheat low by 13,892 kg/ha ('Yuyeon') and 14,815 kg/ha ('Woori'), respectively. Italian ryegrass and oats have higher forage yield and feed value in Jeju. Also, oats has high grain and forage yield. The results demonstrated oats can cultivate as alternative winter forage crop for whole crop silage barely in Jeju.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.209-220
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• 2012

Most oats are used for livestock feed in the world. This experiment was conducted at Iksan city of Korea from 2007 to 2008. The objective of this study was to select eminent oat (Avena sativa L.) cultivars with high-yielding and a quality for forage adaptable in each planting seasons. Experimental design was split-plot design with three replications. A split plot design was used with seeding date on the main plots and other treatments fully randomized in sub-plots. A factorial arrangement of treatments included three different ecotypes cultivars, winter type (Sanmhan, Donghan and Chohan), summer type (High-speed, Darkhorse, and Swan), and naked oats near to spring type (Daeyang, Choyang, and Sunyang) and twelve seeding dates (twice a month from March to November). Plant height, dry matter yield, and percent TDN was significantly affected by seeding dates, cultivars, and the interaction of cultivars ${\times}$ seeding dates. There was a decrease in plant height, dry matter yield, and percent total digestible nutrients (TDN) as seeding was delayed from early March to late June and it also from early September to early November. The winter type oat cultivars such as Samhan, Donghan, and Chohan adapted to fall seeding and early summer harvest, while summer type cultivars such as High-speed, Darkhorse, and Swan showed high productivity either to summer seeding and mid-fall harvest or to spring seeding and early summer harvest. Naked type cultivars, Choyang and Daeyang, showed high forage yield by spring and summer seeding except for fall seeding because of cold damage. Summer type oat cultivars such as High-speed, Darkhorse, and Swan can supplement high forage production in spring. TDN yield showd the most at seeding in October 10 (780 kg $10a^{-1}$), followed at seeding in March 23 (627 kg $10a^{-1}$).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.305-311
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• 2005

For research of the wintering waterbirds we surveyed monthly from October 2000 to March 2001 on Gangjin Bay, Chollanam-do, Korea. During the study period, the waterbirds were observed 9,825 individuals and 36 species. The highest dominant species was Anaspiatyrhynchos which occupied the $48.42\%$, the one followings were Anas crecca $(10.8\%)$, Tadorna tadorna $(9.7\%)$, Anas poecilorhyncha $(9.5\%)$ and Cygnus cygnus $(4.8\%)$. A regularly observed species in every months were 3 species, Egretta garzetta, Anas pin tyrhynchos and Anas poecilorhyncha. The Cygnus cygnus of specially protected species was observed the 232 individuals maximumly in November and the 125 individuals to a minimum in December. The index of species diversity was minimum 1.24 at October and maximum 2.01 at March. This area has provided a suitable roosting and feeding place for waterbirds. The peak count of the wintering whooper swan was 232 individuals in Gangjin Bay. Therefore, We need the conservation and management of Gangjiun Bay.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.256-270
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• 2000

Invasive hemodynamic monitoring has become a valuable assessment parameters in critical care nursing in patients undergoing open heart surgery patients. During cardiac surgery, the Swan Ganz catheter is placed in the pulmonary artery. Critical care nurses routinely obtain cardiac output, cardiac index, and pulmonary arterial pressure in these patients. Traditionally, patients are positioned flat and supine for cardiac output measurement. Numerous studies have dealt with the effects of changing position on the hemodynamic variables. However, there are a few studies dealing with patients who undergo cardiac surgery in Korea. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the effects of changing position on cardiac output, PAP, CVP, BP, HR and discomfort in patients after cardiac surgery. A sample of 21 adults who had CABG and/or valve replacement with Swan Ganz catheters in place was studied. The data were collected in the cardiac ICU of a university hospital in Seoul during the period from July 28, 1999 to August 30. 1999. In this study, the independent variable is patient position in the supine, 30 degree, and 45 degree angles. Dependent variables are C.O., C.I., CVP, PAP, MAP, HR and patients' perceived discomforts. Subject discomfort was measured subjectively by visual analogue scale. Other hemodynamic data where collected by the thermodilution method and by direct measurement. The data were analyzed by percentile, t-test, ANOVA, Linear regression analysis using SPSS-/WIN program. The results are as follows : 1) Changes in cardiac output were absent in different angle positions, 0, 30. 45 degrees(F=.070, P=.932). Changes in cardiac index were absent in different angle positions, 0. 30, 45 degrees(P>.05). 2) Changes in central venous pressure were absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(P>.05). 3) PAP had no change in different angle 0, 30, 45 degree positions; systolic PAP(P>.05), diastolic PAP(P>.05). 4) Changes in systolic blood pressure were absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(P>.05). 5) Changes in heart rates were absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(P>.05). 6) Patients' perceived discomfort was absent in different angle positions, 0, 30, 45 degree(p<.05). In conclusion, critical care nurses can measure C.O., C.I., PAP, BP, & CVP in cardiac surgery patients at 30 degree or 45 degree positions. This can improve the patients' comfort.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.33 no.10
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• pp.703-707
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• 2009

In order to evaluate applicability of cylindrical slit type block breakwater to the field water, which was designed from the previous physical model study, it is analyzed the calmness of harbor area by the numerical model experiment. For a small fishery port in southern coast of Korea a SWAN model using the wave action balance equation was formulated. The reflection and transmission coefficients induced by the physical model test were introduced to the numerical model. The model response with cylindrical slit type breakwater was compared with the impermeable breakwater case and the possibility of water quality improvement through the water circulation by the new structure was investigated. For numerical simulation, parameters of deepwater design wave from the prediction report II for overall deepwater design wave by KORDI were used and wind parameters from the 50years return period observed for 37years(1970~2006) were adopted in the numerical model. The response of west breakwater in Mijo port applying the NE and NNE waves, which were dominant in this area, was analyzed. It was found that the transmission characteristic of designed cylindrical slit breakwater was well presented in the numerical model.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.439-455
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• 2012

Coupled wave induced current modeling system(WIC) was developed from combining with the nearshore spectral wave model, SWAN, the wave induced force model, WIF, and the flow model, EFDC. The reasonable results were obtained from WIC modeling system. The ratio of the wave height calculated with respect to refraction and diffraction effects over submerged spherical shoal was occurred approximately 1~5 % errors compared to Goda(2000)'s result. The radiation stress suggested by Longuet-Higgins and Stewart(1960), the stresses due to rollers in breaking waves proposed by Dally and Osiecki(1994), and Kim(2004)'s new spreading approach instead of the previous lateral mixing approach were added to calculate wave induced force. The results of the WIC modeling system show good agreement with Nishimura et al.(1985)'s laboratory measurements and better than Kim(2004)'s 2 dimensional depth averaged numerical computations for a plane beach with detached breakwater. The present flow field computed agrees reasonably well with the measured flow field. The relative merit of WIF model in WIC modeling system is unconditional stable for time increment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.179-188
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• 2012

Performance analyses of vertical breakwaters were conducted for fictitiously designed breakwaters for various water depths to analyze the influence of climate change on the structures. The performance-based design method considering sea level rise and wave height increase due to climate change was used for the performance analysis. One of the problems of the performance-based design method is the large calculation time of wave transformation. To overcome this problem, the SWAN model combined with artificial neural network was used. The significant wave height and principal wave direction at the breakwater site are quickly calculated by using a trained neural network with inputs of deepwater significant wave height and principal wave direction, and tidal level. In general, structural stability becomes low due to climate change impacts, but the trend of stability is different depending on water depth. Outside surf zone, the influence of wave height increase becomes more significant, while that of sea level rise becomes negligible, as water depth increases. Inside surf zone, the influence of both wave height increase and sea level rise diminishes as water depth decreases, but the influence of wave height increase is greater than that of sea level rise. Reinforcement and maintenance policies for vertical breakwaters should be established with consideration of these results.