• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.27-35
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• 2022

PURPOSE: A Mat Pilates exercise program and a stretching program were conducted for elderly women to determine how the two interventions affect their autonomic nervous system. METHODS: The subjects of this study were 20 elderly women over 65 who regularly used a welfare center located in C city of Chungnam. The subjects were assigned randomly to the following two groups: 10 people in the breathing and mat Pilates exercise program group (PG) and 10 people in the breathing and stretching program group (SG). RESULTS: The present study design is randomized controlled trial. Vascular age was decreased significantly in the PG (p < .05). The mean stress index was reduced significantly in the PG (p < .05), and the amount of change was significantly larger in the PG than in the SG (p < .05). The health index was significantly lower in the PG than the SG (p < .05), and the amount of change in the PG was significantly more prominent than in the SG (p < .05). CONCLUSION: The Mat Pilates program was effective in improving the vascular age, average stress index, and health index of elderly women. In particular, it was significantly more effective than the stretching exercise program in improving the average stress and health indices.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.268-275
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• 2023

ISO 21029 cryogenic vessel is used to transport cryogenic fluids. High-manganese steel (High-Mn steel) is widely regarded as suitable for use at cryogenic temperatures. The conventional way of manufacturing an ellipsoidal vessel head involves incremental stretching, followed by a spinning process. In this study, an alternative method for forming an ellipsoidal vessel head was proposed. Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to theoretically examine the strain evolution during a multi-stage forming process, which involved progressive stretching, deep drawing, and spinning of High-Mn steel. The distribution of effective strain and strain components were analyzed at different regions of the formed part. The FEA results revealed that only normal strains were evident in the dished region of the vessel head due to the stretching process. However, the flange region experienced complex strain evolution during the subsequent deep drawing and spinning process.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.47-54
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to compare the immediate effects of upper trapezius muscle stretching in more tensed position (MTP) and less tensed position (LTP) on the change of range of motion (ROM) for neck rotation, and the ROM for conjunct neck motions at end-range of neck rotation toward the painful side in patients with unilateral neck pain. Eighteen patients with unilateral neck pain were recruited for the study's MTP group, and 18 age-, weight- and gender-matched patients with unilateral neck pain were recruited for LTP group. The ROM changes in active neck primary and conjunct motions were measured using a cervical ROM inclinometer in the sitting position. Our results showed that both upper trapezius stretching method in MTP and LTP were significantly effective in increasing the ROM of neck rotation toward painful side in patients with unilateral neck pain. However, a significantly greater increase in the ROM for neck rotation and a further decrease in conjunct neck extension during neck rotation toward the painful side were shown in MTP group, compared to LTP group. The upper trapezius stretching in MTP is useful in increasing the ROM of neck rotation and decreasing the range of conjunct neck extension during neck rotation toward the painful side in patients with unilateral neck pain.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2013

Purpose The purpose of this study was to research the effects of exercise programs on genu varum persons' distance of between two legs. Method 40 persons who had genu varum were participated in this research. Randomly, among 30 were allocated in experimental group and others were allocated in control group. Stretching exercises, bend exercises and joint mobilization were applied to the experimental group for 6 weeks. For the statistical analysis, we used the independent t-test and the paired t-test. Result Stretching exercises, bend exercises and joint mobilization had statistically effects on distance of knees with gathering legs, distance of knees, distance of malleoluses, differences of distance from between malleoluses to between knees by GPS. Stretching exercises, bend exercises and joint mobilization had statistically effects on distance of knees, distance of malleoluses by ruler. Conclusion Therefore, this study showed that stretching exercises, bend exercises and joint mobilization influenced on the change of genu varum.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.609-617
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study aims to provide effects of therapeutic techniques as well as basic materials of safety by comparing and analyzing the effects of hamstring flexibility and dynamic stability of lower lumbar according to Stretching and Massage Techniques to adults with reduced the flexibility of hamstring. METHODS: This study conducted differential diagnosis through sit and reach test(SRT) and Schober test to select subjects who have shortened hamstring without any spinal problem. Selected subjects were divided into two groups randomly; HSG(Hamstring Stretching Group, n=8) and HMG(Hamstring Massage Group, n=8) and they received treatment for 2 weeks. To take statistics, SRT and dynamic view using x-ray were used. RESULTS: On SRT, HSG and HMG showed significant difference between pre and post test. A comparison of the difference value between HSG and HMG, HSG($9.73{\pm}1.78$) has more remarkable outcome than HMG($2.78{\pm}0.56$). Lower lumbar intervertebral disc length test for Intervertebral disc length(IDL)L45 and IDLL5S1 did not show significant differences between two groups and difference value. CONCLUSION: This study showed that stretching is more effective to improve hamstring flexibility than massage technique. Especially, flexibility increase of the hamstring in vertebral stabilization cannot affect improvement possibility will make a flexibility in order and the intervention and stabilization exercise of the spine.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.81-93
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• 1998

Identification of forming limits of sheet metals is an important task to be done before the sheet metal forming processes. The information of the forming limit is indispensable for design of deformed shapes and related forming processes. This procedure becomes more important than ever as the auto-body becomes complicated and the number of auto-body parts is reduced for lower production cost. To identify the forming limit of sheet metals stretching with a hemispherical punch has gained popularity because of the convenient experimental procedure. The stretching experiment however has localized deformation or the shear band is originated from the non-unifrom deformation in the critical circum-stance instead of the absolute criterion. More accurate information of the forming limit therefore could be obtained by a more appropriate experiment to the real process. In this papaer an experiment program is devised to practivally identify the forming limits of sheet metals for auto-body parts. The experiment program contains not only stretching but deep-drawing Both forming experiments use the same hemispherical punch while they use different specimens. Deep-drawing experiments use speci-mens cut out in circular arc on both sides of circular blank to make it torn during the deep-drawing They also use speciments cut out straight in one side of a circular blank to make it deformed unevenly which causes local deformation during the deep-drawing. The experimental result demonstrates that the forming limit diagrams in the two cases show difference in their effective magnitude. The forming limit curve from deep-drawing is located lower than that from stretching. It is noted from the result that the deep-drawing process causes acceleration of localized deformation in comparison with the stretching process. From the experimental result the maximum value of forming limit could be pre-dicted for safe design.

• Membrane Journal
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.158-166
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• 2014

In this research, microporous and bicontinuous poly vinylidene fluoride(PVDF) hollow fiber membranes were prepared via hybrid process of the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) and stretching method. The mechanism of the membrane preparation is based on liquid-liquid phase separation. The final membranes have characteristic structures which have both bicontinuous and fibrillar morphology by applying the stretching method. They showed quite different structure when compared with the spherulitic or nodular structure from S/L TIPS and bicontinuous structure from L/L TIPS. At first, PVDF hollow fiber precursors were prepared via TIPS method using various kind of diluent mixtures. We used gamma-butyrolacton, dimethyl phthalate (DMP), diethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP) as diluents. We could make hollow fiber membranes which had porous outer surface or dense outer surface by controling the parameters such as cooling conditions, PVDF concentration and the ratio of diluent mixtures. Finally, these hollow fiber were stretched at room temperature and diluents were extracted by ethanol. Effects of the stretching ratio on the membrane morphology were investigated using scanning electron microscope (SEM), and its effects on water flux, porosity, pore size, roughness and tensile strength were examined.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.81-91
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• 2019

PURPOSE: This study examined the effects of Kinesiology taping followed by pectoralis minor muscle self-stretching on the rounded shoulder posture, neck range of motion, and upper trapezius muscle tone in subjects with a rounded shoulder posture. METHODS: Thirty adults with a rounded shoulder posture were assigned randomly to one of two groups, either one that only performed pectoralis minor muscle self-stretching or a group that performed pectoralis minor muscle self-stretching after applying Kinesiology taping ; the subjects underwent four weeks of intervention. Three rounds of intervention were carried out over four weeks, and before and after the experiment, rounded shoulder posture, neck range of motion, and upper trapezius muscle tone creep were measured. RESULTS: Following the interventions, both the experimental and control groups showed significant improvement in the rounded shoulder posture, neck range of motion, upper trapezius muscle tone, stiffness, relaxation, and creep. Significant differences in the post training gains in the rounded shoulder posture and neck range of motion were observed between the experimental and control groups. CONCLUSION: These results showed that a combination of Kinesiology taping and pectoralis minor muscle self-s tretching led to more significant improvement than that seen when only utilizing the application of pectoralis minor muscle self-stretching to change the posture of the subjects with a rounded shoulder posture.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-64
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• 2006

Purpose: The present study purposed to examine the effects of massage and stretching on the recovery of muscle contraction force for muscle fatigue caused by sustained isometric contraction. Methods: The subjects of this study Were 64 healthy men and women (women: 30, men: 34). They Were divided into massage group (23), stretching group (21) and rest group (20), and using Biodex System we observed the pattern of changes in maximal voluntary contraction force (MVC) after causing muscle fatigue in quadriceps femoris muscle through sustained isometric contraction. Results: We measured the point of fatigue occurrence by sustained isometric contraction with 50% MVC and changes in isometric contraction force at 0, 10, 20 and 30 minutes after fatigue and compared them according to gender and treatment group. Conclusion: 1. According to the result of measuring the point of time when fatigue occurred, a difference was observed in time to task failure between men and women. It was significantly longer in women. 2. By gender, MVC changed significantly in all time frames in women, but it showed significant increases only at 10 minutes after fatigue in men. 3. In the comparison of MVC among the treatment groups, it showed significant differences among the groups at 10 minutes after fatigue. 4. In the comparison of changes in MVC among the time frames for each group, the rest group showed significant differences in MVC between 0 and 10 minutes after fatigue and between 20 and 30 minutes after fatigue. The massage group showed significant differences in MVC between 0 and 10 minutes after fatigue and between 10 and 20 minutes after fatigue. The stretching group showed a significant difference in MVC between 10 and 20 minutes after fatigue and between 20 and 30 minutes after fatigue.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Clinical Electrophysiology
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2010

Purpose : This study examines the effects of pre-eccentric exercise and stretch ing to bicepsbrachii to prevent delayed onset muscle soreness and recovery of muscular function depending on the training intensity with 28 normal adults in their twenties. Methods : The subjects were divided into a control group, a group without any previous eccentric exercise, and a stretching group. Pre-eccentric exercise group conducted exercise with the intensity of 25% of maximal voluntary contraction. Pre-eccentric exercise and stretching was applied before to induce delayed onset muscle soreness and after, 24 hour post, 48 hour post, and 72 hour post. Measurements were conducted to examine pain and muscular function changes before, immediately after, and after inducing delayed onset muscle soreness. After inducing delayed onset muscle soreness, measurements were taken at the 24th hour, 48th hour, and 72nd hour. Results : The pre-eccentric exercise group and stretching group showed a significant difference from the control group by isometric contract ion power and mechanical pain threshold as a result of measuring delayed onset muscle soreness. Conclusion : From these results, electrical stimulation using presynaptic inhibition mechanism of transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) had positive effects for walking ability on inhibition of muscle tone in lower extremity. The motor level stimulation group experienced a more significant effect than the sensory level stimulation group. Therefore, the transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) is considered to be effective on walking ability increasing through inhibition of muscle tone in lower extremity for rehabilitation of post stroke hemiplegic patients.