• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.327-338
• /
• 2004

This study was attempted to check period of a fashion cycle and to suggest its main-stream and sub-stream by analyzing the fashion trends presented in Vogue Korea between 1997 and 2002. A content analysis method was used to analyze 24 volumes. The result showed that the fashion trend of 1997's was a turning point from the simplicity, which was a trend up to 1996's, to the romanticism. The fashion trends of 2002 seemed to be also a turning point from the new-romanticism which was added the hippism to the romanticism continued from 1997, to the sporticism. The result confirmed that the main-stream of fashion theme have been continued for 5 years as a regular cycle system and could be repeated. It also verified that some sub-stream which was affected by social, cultural and political situation led the fashion changes. The results of this study could be expected to reflect not only fashion design, merchandising and marketing strategy but also consumer purchase behavior of the future.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
• /
• 1998.11a
• /
• pp.151-155
• /
• 1998

The Anyang river drains a highly polluted industrial area and enters the lower part of Han river. In this preliminary study for the comprehensive understanding of geochemical behaviour of elements in the stream sediments and its implications on the river chemistry and ecology, major and trace elements in stream sediments, suspended solids and stream water were analysed to look into elemental enrichments and elemental behaviour with distance from upper part of the stream. Chemical analyses of the stream sediments show enrichements of heavy metals including Cr, Zn, Ni, Co between 10 to 100 times. Other trace elements, Cd, Pb and As are also enriched between several to 10 times, based on relative ratio with Al in fresh rock. Chemical analyses of the sediments, suspended solids and water show indications of anthroporgenic impact for the heavy metal accumulation. It was nortworth Hg is detected between 2 and 4 ppb in the water.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.1757-1761
• /
• 2001

"Drifting cups on a meandering stream" is a same originating from the ancient China. It takes advantage of the stopover of the cup at the different positions on a meandering stream to choose a person sitting on the bank to participate the game. In this paper, a model is devised to make the cups move around or stop at some place on the stream as required by the game. A typical flow field Is abstracted and studied using the PIV technique and the topological analysis. Some motions of the cup on the stream have been explained in the mechanics theory.

• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
• /
• v.15 no.12
• /
• pp.1794-1800
• /
• 2001

Mass conservation is a key issue for accurate streamline and stream surface visualization of flow fields. This paper complements an existing method (Feng et al. 1997) for CFD velocity fields defined at discrete locations in space that uses dual stream functions to generate streamlines and stream surfaces. Conditions for using the method have been examined and its limitations defined. A complete set of dual stream functions for all possible cases of the linear fields on which the method relies are presented. The results in this paper are important for developing new methods for mass conservative streamline visualization from CFD and using the existing method.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.324-331
• /
• 2004

Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) measurements have been carried out to investigate the pulsatile flow characteristics in a triangular grooved channel. The results showed that a vortex was generated at the tip of the groove and flowed into the groove rotating inside during the acceleration phase of the main stream promoting the mixing of the fluid. Then, at the deceleration phase of the main stream, the vortex entrained fluid from the relatively slow moving main stream to grow bigger than the groove size. Finally the vortex was ejected to the main stream carrying the fluid away from the groove, resulting in the enhancement of mixing between the stagnant fluid in the groove and the main stream in the channel. It was found that the fluid mixing enhancement is maximized when the pulsatile period is the same as the time duration which the vortex takes to grow larger enough to fill the groove and to be ejected to the main stream.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.32 no.5
• /
• pp.485-493
• /
• 1999

In order to dermine the degree of contamination for the Ilgok landfill site, stream water, groundwater and stream sediment samples were collected in 1998 and 1999, and analyzed for physico-chemical properties. The stream water contains significanr concentrations of TDS $HCO_3^-$and $NO_3^-$, and ground-water is polluted by $NO_3^-$ up to the drinking water standard from landfill leachate. From the point of the horizontal movement of elements, stream water IL-2 at the conjunction point with landfill leachate reached the most high concentrations of $HCO_3^-,Cl^-,Na^+, K^+, NO_3^-,Mg{^2+}$ and $SO_4^{2-}$stream water Il-3 shows the high concentrations of $Ca^{2+}, Pb^{2+}$ and $Mg^{2+}$. The optimum contamination indicator of Ilgok landfill site is $HCO_3^-, C^l-, Na^+, Mn^{2+}$ and TDS from the calculation of contamination factor.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.22 no.6
• /
• pp.695-703
• /
• 2013

Soil erosion and sediment delivery ratio(SDR) were estimated by using HSPF model in 3 tributaries of upper stream of Geum river-basin. Meteorological data and other input data were constructed from 2006 to 2011 year by the HSPF model. Flow and suspended solid results were relatively matched with the measurement data through the calibration and validation of the model. Soil erosion was proportional to the amount of rainfall and the area of watershed based on the results of model calibration and validation. SDR in Moojunamdea stream was the highest and one in Cho stream was the lowest. This was effected by the geographical characteristic. SDR was 17.6% Moojunamdea stream, 9.1% Cho stream and 13.2 % Bocheong stream. As the SDR was effected by watershed area and shape factor in this study area.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.135-146
• /
• 1998

In this study, we investigated to measured concentration, seasonal characteristics and load quantity of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) for 11 sites in the main stream and 8 sites in the branch stream of Kumho river, during from October 1995 to April 1997. As a results, the small amount of volatile compounds, such as dichloromethane, chloroform, toluene, benzene, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, p-xylene and 1,3,5-trimethyl-benzene were detected from the main stream of Kumho river. Also detected to dichloromethene, chloroform, toluene, benzene, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene, ethylbenzene, p-xylene, 1,3,5-trimethylbebzene and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene in the branch stream, and dichloromerhane, chloroform and toluene were detected to all site of sampling. And seasonal variation of volatile organic compounds showed higher concentration in the July 1996 as a winter season than January 1997 as a summer season in most places. Also the load quantity of volatile organic compound at Gangchang site in the last downstream of Kumho river, was in order of chloroform > dichloromethane > toluene > trichloroethene.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.238-243
• /
• 2006

In order to improve the water quality of stream water, the facilities equipped with rope media filter have been examined as a part of national projects. This work may provide design and operating parameters from 2 years monitoring for 2 streams. Depending on the characteristics of streams, the flow rate into the facilities were shown different, where K stream was almost the same and D stream was less than 25% of design flow rate. Although the clogging of filter media was not observed during the operation, the removal of accumulated sludges was required for the stable operation. The removal efficiencies of BOD, SS, T-N and T-P for D stream were 60.5%, 80.1%, 25.2% and 36.2%, respectively. The most important factor for the construction of stream water purification facilities was recommended for the selection of proper sites.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.1287-1292
• /
• 2007

Recently, the frequency of unexpecting heavy rains has been increased due to abnormal climate and extreme rainfall. There was a limit to analyze 1D or 2D stream flow that was applied simple momentum equation and fixed energy conservation. Therefore, hydrodynamics flow analysis in rivers has been needed 3D numerical analysis for correct stream flow interpretation. In this study, CFD model on FLOW-3D was applied to stream flow analysis, which solves three dimenson RANS(Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes Equation) control equation to find out physical behavior and the effect of hydraulic structures. Numerical simulation accomplished those results was compared by using turbulence models such as ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$, RNG ${\kappa}-{\varepsilon}$ and LES. Those numerical analysis results have been illustrated by the turbulence energy effects, velocity of flow distributions, water level pressure distributions and eddy flows around the piers at Jangwall bridge in urbarn stream.